μόνος

See also: μονός

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• μοῦνος (moûnos) — Epic, Ionic
• μῶνος (mônos) — Doric

Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *mónwos. The etymology of the initial element is uncertain, but it may come from a Proto-Indo-European *men- (“small”); for the ending, compare οἶος (oîos, “only, single”) from *óywos.

Compare Ancient Greek μανός (manós, “sparse, rare”), Armenian մանր (manr, “slender, small”), and possibly Proto-West Germanic *muniwu (“small fish, minnow”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /mó.nos/ → /ˈmo.nos/ → /ˈmo.nos/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /mó.nos/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈmo.nos/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈmo.nos/
• (10^th CE Medieval) IPA^(key): /ˈmo.nos/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈmo.nos/

Adjective

μόνος • (mónos) m (feminine μόνη, neuter μόνον); first/second declension (Attic, Koine, Medieval)

1. alone, forsaken, solitary
2. only
3. unique

Declension

First and second declension of μόνος; μόνη; μόνον (Attic)

	singular				dual				plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter		masculine	feminine	neuter		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	μόνοςmónos	μόνηmónē	μόνονmónon		μόνωmónō	μόνᾱmónā	μόνωmónō		μόνοιmónoi	μόναιmónai	μόνᾰmónă
genitive	μόνουmónou	μόνηςmónēs	μόνουmónou		μόνοινmónoin	μόναινmónain	μόνοινmónoin		μόνωνmónōn	μόνωνmónōn	μόνωνmónōn
dative	μόνῳmónōi	μόνῃmónēi	μόνῳmónōi		μόνοινmónoin	μόναινmónain	μόνοινmónoin		μόνοιςmónois	μόναιςmónais	μόνοιςmónois
accusative	μόνονmónon	μόνηνmónēn	μόνονmónon		μόνωmónō	μόνᾱmónā	μόνωmónō		μόνουςmónous	μόνᾱςmónās	μόνᾰmónă
vocative	μόνεmóne	μόνηmónē	μόνονmónon		μόνωmónō	μόνᾱmónā	μόνωmónō		μόνοιmónoi	μόναιmónai	μόνᾰmónă
derived forms	adverb				comparative				superlative
	μόνωςmónōs				μονώτεροςmonṓteros				μονώτᾰτοςmonṓtătos

• This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• μονάζω (monázō)
• μονάξ (monáx)
• μονάς (monás)
• μοναχός (monakhós)
• μονο- (mono-)

Descendants

• Greek: μόνος (mónos)
• Mariupol Greek: мо́нос (mónos), мо́ну (mónu)

Further reading

• “μόνος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “μόνος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889), An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “μόνος” in Bailly, Anatole (1935), Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001), A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• “μόνος”, in Slater, William J. (1969), Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• Strong, James (1979), “G3441”, in Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910), English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • alone idem, page 25.
  • desolate idem, page 216.
  • isolated idem, page 461.
  • lonely idem, page 498.
  • only idem, page 574.
  • single idem, page 777.
  • single-handed idem, page 779.
  • singly idem, page 779.
  • sole idem, page 792.
  • solitary idem, page 792.
  • unaided idem, page 906.
  • unassisted idem, page 907.
  • unattenend idem, page 907.
  • unsupported idem, page 933.
• μόνος, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011

Greek

Etymology

Inherited from Ancient Greek μόνος (mónos).

Compare Mariupol Greek мо́нос (mónos), мо́ну (mónu).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈmonos/
• Hyphenation: μό‧νος

Adjective

μόνος • (mónos) m (feminine μόνη, neuter μόνο)

1. solitary, alone
2. unmarried
3. solo, unaccompanied

   μόνος μου

   mónos mou

   by myself

4. unique, singular
5. (used with an article) only

   Ο Κώστας ήταν ο μόνος που έτρεξε να βοηθήσει.

   O Kóstas ítan o mónos pou étrexe na voïthísei.

   Kostas was the only one to run for help.

Declension

Declension of μόνος

	singular				plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	μόνος (mónos)	μόνη (móni)	μόνο (móno)		μόνοι (mónoi)	μόνες (mónes)	μόνα (móna)
genitive	μόνου (mónou)	μόνης (mónis)	μόνου (mónou)		μόνων (mónon)	μόνων (mónon)	μόνων (mónon)
accusative	μόνο (móno)	μόνη (móni)	μόνο (móno)		μόνους (mónous)	μόνες (mónes)	μόνα (móna)
vocative	μόνε (móne)	μόνη (móni)	μόνο (móno)		μόνοι (mónoi)	μόνες (mónes)	μόνα (móna)

Related terms

• μοναδικός (monadikós, “unique”, adjective)
• μονός (monós, “single, odd”, adjective)
• and see: απομονώνω (apomonóno, “to isolate”)

Further reading

• μόνος, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language