Portal:Punjab

The Punjab Portal

Introduction

P:PAP:PA

Punjab (/pʌnˈdʒɑːb/ pun-JAHB; Punjabi: Panjāb, pronounced [pəɲˈd͡ʒaːb] ^ⓘ) is a geographical, ethnolinguistic, and historical region in South Asia, located in its northwestern part, comprising areas of modern-day Pakistan and northwestern India. Lahore is its largest city and historic capital, with other major cities including Faisalabad, Rawalpindi, Gujranwala, Multan, and Sialkot in Pakistan; alongside Ludhiana, Amritsar, Chandigarh, Jalandhar, and Patiala in India.

Human settlements in Punjab developed along its five rivers as early as the ancient Indus Valley civilization, dating back to 3000 BCE, followed by migrations of the Indo-Aryan peoples. Agriculture has been the chief economic feature of the Punjab and is considered an important element of Punjabi culture. The Punjab emerged as an important agricultural region, especially following the Green Revolution during the mid-1960s to the mid-1970s, and has been described as the "breadbasket of both India and Pakistan."

The boundaries of the region are imprecisely defined and depend on historical and ethnographic definitions, and thus the geographical meaning of the term "Punjab" has changed over time. During the existence British India, from 1849 till 1901, the Punjab Province encompassed the present Indian states and union territories of Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Chandigarh, and Delhi, and the Pakistani regions of Punjab, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Islamabad Capital Territory. After the Partition of British India in 1947, it was divided into West and East Punjab; East Punjab was further divided into Punjab, Haryana and Himachal Pradesh in 1966 by India.

The predominant ethnolinguistic group of the Punjab region are the Punjabi people, who speak the Indo-Aryan Punjabi language of South Asia. Punjabi Muslims are the majority in Pakistani Punjab, while Punjabi Sikhs are the majority in Indian Punjab. Other religious groups include Punjabi Hindus, Punjabi Christians, Jains, Zoroastrians, Buddhists, and Ravidassias. (Full article...)

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Punjabi festivals are various festive celebrations observed by the Punjabis, originating in the Punjab region. The Punjabis are religiously a diverse and that affects the festivals they observe. According to a 2007 estimate, ~75% percent of the Punjabi population is Muslim, accounting for about 90 million people, with 97% of Punjabis who live in Pakistan following Islam, in contrast to the remaining 30 million Punjabi Sikhs and Hindus who predominantly live in India.

The Punjabi Muslims typically observe the Islamic festivals, do not observe Hindu or Sikh religious festivals, and in Pakistan the official holidays recognize only the Islamic festivals. The Punjabi Sikhs and Hindus typically do not observe these, and instead observe historic festivals such as Lohri, Basant and Vaisakhi as seasonal festivals. The Sikh and Hindu festivals are regional official holidays in India, as are major Islamic festivals. Other seasonal Punjabi festivals in India include Teejon (Teeyan) and Maghi. Teeyan is also known as festival of women, as women enjoy it with their friends. On the day of maghi people fly kites and eat their traditional dish khichdi. (Full article...)

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General images

Image 1The charge of the British 16th Lancers at Aliwal on 28 January 1846, during the First Anglo-Sikh War (from Sikh Empire)
Image 2Two late 19th century drawings of Sikh troops in action against British forces during the Anglo-Sikh Wars (from Sikh Empire)
Image 3The Samadhi of Ranjit Singh is located in Lahore, Pakistan, adjacent to the Badshahi Mosque (from Sikh Empire)
Image 4Left to right: Gurkha, Brahmin, and Shudra (Chuhra-Chamar) in Shimla (1868) (from Punjab)
Image 5Detail from ‘Darbar (royal court) of Maharaja Ranjit Singh’, gouache, ca.1850 (from Sikh Empire)
Image 6The Indian subcontinent in 1805. (from Sikh Empire)
Image 7Nanakshahi coins of the Sikh Empire (from Sikh Empire)
Image 8Rig Veda, the oldest known Hindu text, originated in the Punjab region. (from Punjab)
Image 9
Ranjit Singh listening to Guru Granth Sahib being recited near the Akal Takht and Golden Temple, Amritsar, Punjab, India.
(from Sikh Empire)
Image 10Contemporary painting of the Battle of Sobraon in 1846. (from Sikh Empire)
Image 11Arains in Lahore (1868) (from Punjab)
Image 12Taxila in Pakistan is a World Heritage Site. (from Punjab)
Image 13Gujjars in Delhi (c. 1859–1869) (from Punjab)
Image 14Brahmin in Lahore (c. 1799–1849) (from Punjab)
Image 15
The dominant mother tongue in each District of Pakistan, according to the 2017 Pakistan Census
(from Punjab)
Image 16Ranjit Singh, c. 1830. (from Sikh Empire)
Image 17The expanding Sikh Empire in 1809. The Cis-Sutlej states are visible south of the Sutlej River (from Sikh Empire)
Image 18Maharaja Ranjit Singh holding court outside near the Golden Temple in Amritsar with everyone dressed in Basant (yellow) (from Sikh Empire)
Image 19Kumhars in Lahore (c. 1859–1869) (from Punjab)
Image 20A letter sent from the King of France, Louis-Philippe to Maharaja Ranjit Singh. Ranjit Singh is addressed as "Rendjit Sing Bahador – Padichah du Pendjab". 27 October 1835 (from Sikh Empire)
Image 21Arora in Lahore (c. 1862–1872) (from Punjab)
Image 22Sikh Empire (green) in northwest India in 1823 (from Punjab)
Image 23The snow-covered Himalayas (from Punjab)
Image 24Illustration of Ranjit Singh, founder of the Sikh Empire (from Punjab)
Image 25Map of the Punjab Province in 1947. Purple showing princely states, red showing direct British rule. (from Punjab)
Image 26Maharaja Ranjit Singh seeking the sanctuary of Guru Nanak, c. 1830 (from Sikh Empire)
Image 27Sikh warrior helmet with butted mail neckguard, 1820–1840, iron overlaid with gold with mail neckguard of iron and brass (from Sikh Empire)
Image 28Tarkhans in Lahore (c. 1862–1872) (from Punjab)
Image 29The Malot Temple, constructed by Odi Shahi dynasty in Gandhara-Nagara style in the 10th century CE (from Punjab)
Image 30A 17th-century painting by Charles Le Brun depicting the battle of King Porus against Alexander the Great. (from Punjab)
Image 31Map of the Punjab Province (British India) (from Punjab)
Image 32Ranjit Singh holding court in 1838 (from Sikh Empire)
Image 33Jats in Delhi (1868) (from Punjab)
Image 34Rajputs in Delhi (1868) (from Punjab)

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Salam in 1987

Mohammad Abdus Salam (/sæˈlæm/; 29 January 1926 – 21 November 1996) was a Pakistani theoretical physicist and Nobel laureate. He shared the 1979 Nobel Prize in Physics with Steven Weinberg and Sheldon Glashow "for their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles, including, inter alia, the prediction of the weak neutral current". He was the first Pakistani, and second person from any Muslim country (after Anwar Sadat of Egypt) to win a Nobel Prize.

Salam was scientific advisor to the Ministry of Science and Technology in Pakistan from 1960 to 1974, a position from which he played a major and influential role in the development of the country's science infrastructure. Salam contributed to numerous developments in theoretical and particle physics in Pakistan. He was the founding director of the Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission (SUPARCO). For this, he is viewed as the "scientific father" of this program. In 1974, Abdus Salam departed from his country in protest after the Parliament of Pakistan unanimously passed a parliamentary bill declaring members of the Ahmadiyya Muslim community, to which Salam belonged, non-Muslim. (Full article...)

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Coin of the Scythian king Maus, about 80 BC.

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Punjabi wikipedians' noticeboard

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WikiProject Punjab

WikiProject Punjab was formed to foster better articles on the region of Punjab with a spirit of cooperation. The project is a home base that provides a place for Wikipedians (editors) to discuss issues, while share information and resources regarding improvements to Punjabi related articles, which can be discussed at the project's talk page. To join WikiProject Punjab (anyone may join), simply list your username on the members page. Editors are also encouraged to participate in the more regional and/or topic specific WikiProject 's as listed below.

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