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Outline of sports

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to sports:

What is a sport?

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A sport is a physical activity or game, often competitive and organised, that maintains or improves physical ability and skills. Sport may provide enjoyment to participants and entertainment to spectators. The number of participants in a particular sport can vary from hundreds of people to a single individual. Sports can be described as all of the following:

  • Entertainment – Any sport that includes spectators, either free or paid admission, with no pre-scripted plot of the outcome. The athletics might also get entertained by complete sports objective.
  • Exercise – some sports are physical exercise while others are mental exercise.

Types of sports

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Auto racing sports
Classification of unarmed martial arts
Selection of roller sports

List of sports

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Examples of water sports

Geography of sport

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Sport by region

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Sport in Colombia
Sport in Italy

Africa

West Africa
Benin • Burkina Faso • Cape Verde • Côte d'Ivoire • Gambia • Ghana • Guinea • Guinea-Bissau • Liberia • Mali • Mauritania • Niger • Nigeria • Senegal • Sierra Leone • Togo
North Africa
Algeria • Egypt • Libya • Mauritania • Morocco • Sudan • Tunisia • Western Sahara
Central Africa
Angola • Burundi • Cameroon • Central African Republic • Chad • The Democratic Republic of the Congo • Equatorial Guinea • Gabon • Republic of the Congo • Rwanda • São Tomé and Príncipe
East Africa
Burundi • Comoros • Djibouti • Eritrea • Ethiopia • Kenya • Madagascar • Malawi • Mauritius • Mozambique • Rwanda • Seychelles • Somalia • Tanzania • Uganda • Zambia • Zimbabwe
Southern Africa
Botswana • Eswatini • Lesotho • Namibia • South Africa
Dependencies
Mayotte (France) • St. Helena (UK) • Puntland • Somaliland • Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
Antarctica
Asia
Central Asia
Kazakhstan[1] • Kyrgyzstan • Tajikistan • Turkmenistan • Uzbekistan
East Asia
China[2]
Tibet
Hong Kong[3] • Macau[4]
Japan • North Korea • South Korea • Mongolia • Taiwan[5]
North Asia
Russia[6]
Southeast Asia[7]
Brunei • Burma (Myanmar) • Cambodia[8] • East Timor (Timor-Leste)[9] • Indonesia[10] • Laos • Malaysia • Philippines • Singapore • Thailand • Vietnam
South Asia
Afghanistan • Bangladesh • Bhutan• Iran • Maldives • Nepal • Pakistan • Sri Lanka
India[11]
Andhra Pradesh • Bihar • Delhi • Gujarat • Jammu and Kashmir • KarnatakaKerala • Madhya Pradesh • Maharashtra • Manipur • Mizoram • Odisha • Punjab • Tamil Nadu • West Bengal
West Asia
Armenia[12] • Azerbaijan[13] • Bahrain • Cyprus[14] (including disputed Northern Cyprus) • Georgia[15] • Iraq • Israel • Jordan • Kuwait • Lebanon • Oman • Palestine[16] • Qatar • Saudi Arabia • Syria • Turkey[17] • United Arab Emirates • Yemen

Caucasus (a region considered to be in both Asia and Europe, or between them)

North Caucasus
Parts of Russia (Chechnya, Ingushetia, Dagestan, Adyghea, Kabardino-Balkaria, Karachay–Cherkessia, North Ossetia, Krasnodar Krai, Stavropol Krai)
South Caucasus
Georgia (including disputed Abkhazia, South Ossetia) • Armenia • Azerbaijan (including disputed Nagorno-Karabakh Republic)

Europe

Akrotiri and Dhekelia • Åland • Albania • Andorra • Armenia • Austria • Azerbaijan • Belarus • Belgium • Bosnia and Herzegovina • Bulgaria • Croatia • Cyprus • Czech Republic • Denmark • Estonia • Faroe Islands • Finland • France • Georgia • Germany • Gibraltar • Greece • Guernsey • Hungary • Iceland • Ireland • Isle of Man • Italy • Jersey • Kazakhstan • Kosovo • Latvia • Liechtenstein • Lithuania • Luxembourg • Macedonia • Malta • Moldova (including disputed Transnistria) • Monaco • Montenegro • Netherlands • Norway • Poland • Portugal • Romania • Russia • San Marino • Serbia • Slovakia • Slovenia • Spain • Svalbard • Sweden • Switzerland • Turkey • Ukraine
United Kingdom
England (Birmingham, Bristol, Cornwall, London, Milton Keynes, Sussex, Worthing) • Northern Ireland (Belfast) • Scotland (Glasgow) • Wales (Cardiff)
Vatican City
European Union

North America

Canada
Mexico
United States
Alabama • Alaska • Arizona • Arkansas • California • Colorado • Connecticut • Delaware • Florida • Georgia • Hawaii • Idaho • Illinois • Indiana • Iowa • Montana • Kansas • Kentucky • Louisiana • Maine • Maryland • Massachusetts • Michigan • Minnesota • Mississippi • Missouri • Nebraska • Nevada • New Hampshire • New Jersey • New Mexico • New York • North Carolina • North Dakota • Ohio • Oklahoma • Oregon • Pennsylvania • Rhode Island • South Carolina • South Dakota • Tennessee • Texas • Utah • Vermont • Virginia • Washington • West Virginia • Wisconsin • Wyoming
District of Columbia (Washington, D.C.)
Dependencies
Greenland• Saint Pierre and Miquelon
Central America
Belize • Costa Rica • El Salvador • Guatemala • Honduras • Nicaragua • Panama
Caribbean
Anguilla • Antigua and Barbuda • Aruba • Bahamas • Barbados • Bermuda • British Virgin Islands • Cayman Islands • Cuba • Dominica • Dominican Republic • Grenada • Haiti • Jamaica • Montserrat • Netherlands Antilles • Puerto Rico • Saint Barthélemy • Saint Kitts and Nevis • Saint Lucia • Saint Martin • Saint Vincent and the Grenadines • Trinidad and Tobago • Turks and Caicos Islands • United States Virgin Islands
Oceania (includes the continent of Australia)
Australasia[18]
Australia
ATC • New South Wales • (Sydney) • Northern Territory • Queensland (Brisbane) • South Australia • Tasmania • Victoria • Western Australia
Dependencies/Territories of Australia
Christmas Island[19] • Cocos (Keeling) Islands • Norfolk Island
New Zealand[20]
Melanesia[21]
Fiji • Indonesia (Oceanian part only)[22] • New Caledonia (France) • Papua New Guinea[23] • Solomon Islands • Vanuatu •
Micronesia
Federated States of Micronesia • Guam (US) • Kiribati • Marshall Islands • Nauru • Northern Mariana Islands (USA) • Palau • Wake Island (USA) •
Polynesia[24]
American Samoa (USA) • Chatham Islands (NZ) • Cook Islands (NZ) • Easter Island (Chile) • French Polynesia (France) • Hawaii (USA) • Loyalty Islands (France) • Niue (NZ) • Pitcairn Islands (UK) • Adamstown • Samoa • Tokelau (NZ) • Tonga • Tuvalu • Wallis and Futuna (France)

South America

Argentina • Bolivia • Brazil • Chile • Colombia • Ecuador • Falkland Islands • Guyana • Paraguay • Peru • Suriname • Uruguay • Venezuela

South Atlantic

Ascension Island • Saint Helena • Tristan da Cunha

History of sports

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A cover of a sport history book

Timelines of sports

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Timeline of NBA

Regulation

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Rulebooks

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1863 Laws of the Game

Starting play

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Starting play in shinty by a throw up
Jump serve in volleyball
Starting play in Dodgeball

Scoring

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In baseball a grand slam is a type of home run with all bases loaded, scoring a total of 4 runs, the maximum in a single play
Scoring in football codes
Soccer (goal)
Touchdown
Rugby
Ways to win MMA fights
Knockout
Submission
Decision

Infraction

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Penalty shots
Penalty kick
7-meter throw (handball)
Penalty throw (waterpolo)
Free throw
Penalty stroke
Penalty shot (bandy)
An ejection in association football by drawing a red card

Partials and time management

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Mound visit in baseball

Handicapping

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Weight class

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Weight-ins in Boxing and MMA

Venues

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Multi-purpose sport venues
Bristol Motor Speedway when it was temporarily used as american football and baseball fields
Sport complex
Indianapolis Motor Speedway, the sport venue with the largest capacity in the world

Pitches

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Several sport pitches
Panorama of american football field
Multipurpose basketball and futsal/handball goalpost
Curling sheet
Types of combat areas
Octagonal cage
Hexagonal cage
Circular cage
Square ring
Circular ring
Triangular ring
Circular combat pit
Tatami
First row shows MMA cages. Second row shows boxing rings

Venue features

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Baseball scoreboard

Equipment

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Historic sport equipment
Balls
group of sport balls
Non spherical reflex ball used in goalkeeper training

Variations of sports

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Official Association football variations
Soccer
Beach soccer
Futsal
Official Baseball variations
Hardball
Softball
Baseball5

Comparison of sports

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Comparing field dimensions and fielding positioning between baseball and cricket

Governing bodies

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A SportAccord convention

World governing bodies of various notable sports:

World Skate is the governing body over roller sports

Sport technology

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Officiating technology

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ABS System
VAR

Sport linguistics

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Glosaries

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Historic bowling glossaries

Sport participants

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Journalists, referees, players and their scorts
Cheerleaders and mascot

Game play

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Estrategy and tactics

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American football play diagram

Sport techniques and skills

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Capoeira techniques

Performance

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Shutout in soccer

Analytics

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Rating system

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Setting a world record at Paralympics games

Awards

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Trophies

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Olympic trophies
Medals
Olive crown as an award at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Olympic Challenge football trophy offered by The Football Association to the winner of 1920 Summer Olympics football tournament
US Open Men Singles trophy
A fighter with championship belts
A collection of Superbowl championship rings
World Series of Pocket Bracelet

Halls of fame

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International Ice Hockey Federation Hall of Fame

Sport instruction

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A class of physical education

Sporting events

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Multi-sport events
Olympic Games
The World Games (organized by the International World Games Association) is one of the most important multi-sport event for non-olympic sports
Round-robin tournament

Sport management and business

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Sponsorship on F1 helmet

Retribution in sport

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Map showing where major professional sports teams are in the US and Canada

Contract and labor relationship

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Cristiano Ronaldo and Lionel Messi, two athletes with the highest earnings in several years

Sport science

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Sport medicine

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Sport drinks and energy bars

Sport psychology

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Sport psychology is the study of how psychological factors can impact engagement in professional and recreational sports, as well as how sports impact an athlete's psychological state.[30] After becoming popular in the early 20th century, it is now a recognized scientific field which is relevant to many different sports.[31] Modern sports psychologists often use a combination of goal setting, visualization techniques and preperformance routines to help athletes achieve their goals.[32][33][34]

Sport ethics and conduct

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Hooliganism

Sport culture

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Popular sports by country
Tifo at basketball match
A football chant
Problems playing this file? See media help.
Type of sport logo motifs
Crest
Ligature
Monogram

Nicknames

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Pelé signature, Edson Arantes Do Nascimento nickname

sport rivalries

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El Clasico

Traditional games

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Sepak Takraw a traditional sport of Southeast Asia

Religion and sport

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Touchdown Jesus

Sport and media

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Broadcasting of soccer match

Sport magazines

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Sport television programs

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Humanities and social sciences

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Sport and Law

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Court of Arbitration for Sport headquarters
General
American football
Association football
Baseball
Basketball
Other sports

Sport and politics

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It is alleged political interference in the defeat of Peruvian team against Argentina at 1978 World Cup

Sociology of sport

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The sociology of sport is a subfield of sociology which aims to study sports through the lens of interactions between different groups and cultures.[35] The field has also investigated how various gender divides in sports can influence feminist movements.[36]

See also

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References

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  1. ↑   Kazakhstan is sometimes considered a transcontinental country in Central Asia and Eastern Europe; population and area figures are for Asian portion only.
  2. ↑   The state is commonly known as simply "China", which is subsumed by the eponymous entity and civilization (China).
  3. ↑   Hong Kong is a Special Administrative Region (SAR) of the PRC.
  4. ↑   Macau is a Special Administrative Region (SAR) of the PRC.
  5. ↑   Under the de facto control of the Republic of China (ROC) government, commonly referred to as Taiwan. Claimed in whole by the PRC; see political status of Taiwan.
  6. ↑   Russia is a transcontinental country; population and area figures are for Asian portion only.
  7. ↑ Excludes Christmas Island and Cocos (Keeling) Islands (Australian external territories in the Indian Ocean southwest of Indonesia).
  8. ↑ General Population Census of Cambodia 2008 - Provisional population totals, National Institute of Statistics, Ministry of Planning, released 3 September 2008
  9. ↑   East Timor is often considered a transcontinental country in Southeastern Asia and Oceania.
  10. ↑   Indonesia is often considered a transcontinental country in Southeastern Asia and Oceania
  11. ↑   Includes Jammu and Kashmir, a contested territory among India, Pakistan, and the PRC.
  12. ↑   Armenia is sometimes considered a transcontinental country physiographically in Western Asia, it has historical and sociopolitical connections with Europe.
  13. ↑   Azerbaijan is often considered a transcontinental country in Western Asia and Eastern Europe; population and area figures are for Asian portion only. Figures include Nakhchivan, an autonomous exclave of Azerbaijan bordered by Armenia, Iran, and Turkey.
  14. ↑   The island of Cyprus is sometimes considered a transcontinental territory in the Eastern Basin of the Mediterranean Sea south of Turkey, it has historical and socio-political connections with Europe. The U.N. considers Cyprus to be in Western Asia, while the C.I.A. considers it to be in the Middle East.
  15. ↑   Georgia is often considered a transcontinental country in Western Asia and Eastern Europe; population and area figures are for the Asian portion only.
  16. ↑   Gaza and West Bank, collectively referred to as the "Occupied Palestinian Territory" by the UN, are territories partially occupied by Israel but under de facto administration of the Palestinian National Authority.
  17. ↑   Turkey is generally considered a transcontinental country in Western Asia and Southern Europe; population and area figures are for Asian portion only, excluding all of Istanbul.
  18. ↑ The use and scope of this term varies. The UN designation for this subregion is "Australia and New Zealand."
  19. ↑ Christmas Island and Cocos (Keeling) Islands are Australian external territories in the Indian Ocean southwest of Indonesia.
  20. ↑ New Zealand is often considered part of Polynesia rather than Australasia.
  21. ↑ Excludes parts of Indonesia, island territories in Southeast Asia (UN region) frequently reckoned in this region.
  22. ↑ Indonesia is generally considered a territory of Southeastern Asia (UN region); wholly or partially, it is also frequently included in Australasia or Melanesia. Figures include Indonesian portion of New Guinea (Irian Jaya) and Maluku Islands.
  23. ↑ Papua New Guinea is often considered part of Australasia as well as Melanesia.
  24. ↑ Excludes the US state of Hawaii, which is distant from the North American landmass in the Pacific Ocean, and Easter Island, a territory of Chile in South America.
  25. ↑ "IMMAF Mixed Martial Arts Unified Rules for amateur competition" (PDF).
  26. ↑ "International Competition Rules & Regulations" (PDF). gamma.sport. Retrieved 2026-09-01.
  27. ↑ "INTERNATIONAL AMATEUR MMA RULES & REGULATIONS Ver. 2026 May" (PDF).
  28. ↑ "Asian Mixed Martial Arts Association Competition Rulebook, 8th April 2024" (PDF).
  29. ↑ "INTERNATIONAL GRAPPLING RULES, GRAPPLING, GRAPPLING GI" (PDF).
  30. ↑ Weinberg, Robert Stephen (2011). Foundations of Sport and Exercise Psychology. Human Kinetics. ISBN 978-1-4504-0038-1.
  31. ↑ Fuchs, Alfred H. (1998). "Psychology and "The Babe"". Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences. 34 (2): 153–165. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1520-6696(199821)34:2<153::AID-JHBS3>3.0.CO;2-T. ISSN 1520-6696. PMID 9580977.
  32. ↑ Vealey, Robin S. (2005). Coaching for the Inner Edge. Fitness Information Technology. ISBN 978-1-885693-59-4.
  33. ↑ Williams, Jean Marie (2006). Applied Sport Psychology: Personal Growth to Peak Performance. McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0-07-284383-5.
  34. ↑ Ravizza K, Hanson T. (1995). Heads up baseball: Playing the game one pitch at a time. Lincolmwood, IL: Masters Press.
  35. ↑ Macri, Kenneth J. (2012). "Not Just a Game: Sport and Society in the United States". Inquiries Journal. 4 (8).
  36. ↑ Hayhurst, Lyndsay MC (2011-04-01). "Corporatising Sport, Gender and Development: postcolonial IR feminisms, transnational private governance and global corporate social engagement". Third World Quarterly. 32 (3): 531–549. doi:10.1080/01436597.2011.573944. ISSN 0143-6597. S2CID 145619969.
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