Maadi-Buto culture

The Maadi-Buto culture, also Maadian culture or Lower Egyptian culture,^[2] was a culture of Prehistoric Egypt. It consists in about a dozen sites, including the excavated cemetery and settlement complex Maadi near modern Cairo. The Maadian culture is first identified during the second part of Naqada I and continued until Naqada IIc/d, when it was replaced by the Naqada II culture. Major sites include el-Gerza, Haraga, Abusir el-Melek, and Minshat Abu Omar.^[3]

History

The Maadian culture emerged from the earliest Neolithic sites of the Nile Valley, in the Faiyum region and at Merimda Beni Salama and el-Omari. It was much less developed than the contemporary cultures of Naqada I and Naqada II.^[3]

Settlements had walls made from plant material, formed from wooden posts and wattle-and-daub screens.^[2] Cemeteries had few burial goods.^[2] Pottery was globular with a broad, flat base, a rather narrow neck, and flared rims.^[3] Pottery and flintwork have strong similarities with the contemporary Chalcolithic culture of Palestine.^[2]

Downfall

The people of Naqada II and Naqada III seem to have expanded northward into Lower Egypt, replacing the Maadian culture.^[4] Maadi was first conquered during Naqada II c-d.^[4] The cultures of Lower Egypt were replaced by Upper Egypt and Naqada culture by the end of Naqada II circa 3200 BCE.^[4]^[2] The Maadian culture of Buto, Tell Ibrahim Awad, Tell el-Rub'a, and Tell el-Farkha were vacated, giving way to the Naqada III culture.^[4]

Gallery

Chronology of state formation in Ancient Egypt.^[5]
Lower-Egypt basalt jars in the shape of pottery from Maadi, Naqada I–II period, British Museum EA 34398, EA 26654

References

↑ Brovarski, Edward (2016). "Reflections on the Battlefield and Libyan Booty Palettes". In Vandijk, J. (ed.). Another Mouthful of Dust: Egyptological Studies in Honour of Geoffrey Thorndike Martin. Leiden: Peeters. pp. 81–89.
1 2 3 4 5 Kemp 2018, pp. 22-23/44.
1 2 3 Shaw 2003, pp. 53–55.
1 2 3 4 Shaw 2003, p. 59.
↑ Kemp 2018, pp. 14/44, Fig.2.6.

Sources

Shaw, Ian, ed. (2003). The Oxford history of ancient Egypt. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press. p. 59. ISBN 9780192804587.
Kemp, Barry John (2018). Ancient Egypt: anatomy of a civilization (3rd ed.). New-York (NY): Routledge. ISBN 978-0415827263.

[academia.edu-1] Brovarski, Edward (2016). "Reflections on the Battlefield and Libyan Booty Palettes". In Vandijk, J. (ed.). Another Mouthful of Dust: Egyptological Studies in Honour of Geoffrey Thorndike Martin. Leiden: Peeters. pp. 81–89.

[FOOTNOTEKemp201822-23/44-2] 1 2 3 4 5 Kemp 2018, pp. 22-23/44.

[FOOTNOTEShaw200353–55-3] 1 2 3 Shaw 2003, pp. 53–55.

[FOOTNOTEShaw200359-4] 1 2 3 4 Shaw 2003, p. 59.

[FOOTNOTEKemp201814/44,_Fig.2.6-5] Kemp 2018, pp. 14/44, Fig.2.6.

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