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List of sting jet cyclones

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This is a list of documented and unconfirmed sting jet occurrences.


List of sting jet cyclones

[edit]
Confirmed sting jet cyclones
Cyclone / Storm Name Type Date Reference Location
Great storm of 1987 European windstorm 15 – 17 October 1987 [1][2][3] Southern England
Oratia European windstorm 30 October 2000 [3][4] North Sea (Lincolnshire to Norway)
Anna European windstorm 26 February 2002 [5] Central Pennines, England
Jeanette European windstorm 27 October 2002 [6][7] Wales and the English Midlands
Erwin (Gudrun) European windstorm 7 – 9 January 2005 [7][8][9][10] Northern England
Unnamed Extratropical cyclone 7 – 8 December 2005 [11] East of Canada
Friedhelm European windstorm 8 December 2011 [12][13][14] Central Belt, Scotland
Ulli European windstorm 3 – 4 January 2012 [15][16][17][18][19][20] Central Belt, Scotland
St Jude storm (Cyclone Christian) European windstorm 28 October 2013 [21][22][11] East Anglia, North Sea, Netherlands, Germany, Denmark
Cyclone Tini (Storm Darwin) European windstorm 12 February 2014 [23][11] Southern Ireland, Irish Sea, Wales
Egon European windstorm 12 – 13 January 2017 [24][25] Northern France, South-West Germany
Hurricane Humberto Hurricane 19 September 2019 [26] Bermuda
Storm Eunice European windstorm 14 – 18 February 2022 [27] Isle of Wight, Southern England
Storm Éowyn European windstorm 23 – 24 January 2025 [28] Ireland
Storm Goretti European windstorm 6 – 10 January 2026 [29] West Cornwall, Channel Islands, Northern France
Storm Kristin European windstorm 27 – 31 January 2026 [30] Portugal

List of unconfirmed sting jets

[edit]
Unconfirmed or candidate sting jet cyclones
Cyclone / Storm Name Type Date Reference Location
New Year's Day Storm European windstorm 1 January 1992 [31] Norway
Renate European windstorm 3 October 2006 [32] Bay of Biscay, Aquitaine, France
Oeste Storm (Xola) European windstorm 23 December 2009 [33] Portugal
October 2010 Storm Complex Great Lakes cyclone 26 – 27 October 2010 [34] Midwestern United States
2011 Halloween Nor'easter Nor'easter 30 – 31 October 2011 [35] Northeastern United States
Unnamed Extratropical cyclone 12 March 2012 [36] Upper Midwestern United States
Unnamed Black Sea cyclone 2 – 3 December 2012 [37] Romania, Black Sea
Gong European windstorm 19 January 2013 [38] Portugal
Arthur Extratropical cyclone (ex-Hurricane) 5 July 2014 [39] Canadian Maritimes, Canada
Elon (Nathan) European windstorm 9 January 2015 [40] Scotland, Great Britain
Zeus European windstorm 6 March 2017 [41] Brittany, France
Unnamed Low-pressure area 4 May 2018 [42] Southern Ontario, Canada
Hurricane Milton Hurricane 9 – 10 October 2024 [43] Florida, United States

References

[edit]
  1. ↑ Browning, K. A. (2004). "The sting at the end of the tail: Damaging winds associated with extratropical cyclones". Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 130 (597): 375–399. Bibcode:2004QJRMS.130..375B. doi:10.1256/qj.02.143. S2CID 121758327.
  2. ↑ Clark, P. A.; Browning, K. A.; Wang, C. (2005). "The sting at the end of the tail: Model diagnostics of fine-scale three-dimensional structure of the cloud head". Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 131 (610): 2263–2292. Bibcode:2005QJRMS.131.2263C. doi:10.1256/qj.04.36. S2CID 122708695.
  3. 1 2 "A sting in the tale of the Great Storm". Daily Telegraph. 18 June 2003. Retrieved 4 February 2012.
  4. ↑ Hewson, Tim (2001). "The North Sea storm of 30 October 2000". Weather. 56 (3): 115–116. Bibcode:2001Wthr...56..115H. doi:10.1002/j.1477-8696.2001.tb06547.x. S2CID 119744773.
  5. ↑ Martínez-Alvarado, Oscar; Florian Weidle; Suzanne L. Gray (2010). "Sting Jets in Simulations of a Real Cyclone by Two Mesoscale Models" (PDF). Monthly Weather Review. 138 (11): 4054–4075. Bibcode:2010MWRv..138.4054M. doi:10.1175/2010MWR3290.1. S2CID 41345989.
  6. ↑ Parton, G. A.; Vaughan, G.; Norton, E. G.; Browning, K. A.; Clark, P. A. (2009). "Wind profiler observations of a sting jet". Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 135 (640): 663–680. Bibcode:2009QJRMS.135..663P. doi:10.1002/qj.398. S2CID 121803901.
  7. 1 2 Baker, Laura (2009). "Sting jets in severe northern European wind storms". Weather. 64 (6): 143–148. Bibcode:2009Wthr...64..143B. doi:10.1002/wea.397. S2CID 116029067.
  8. ↑ Knox; et al. (2011). "Non-Convective High Winds Associated with Extratropical Cyclones" (PDF). Geography Compass 5/2. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 17, 2013. Retrieved 4 February 2012.
  9. ↑ "stingjets" (PDF). Geographical Association. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 5 February 2012.
  10. ↑ "Case analysis of Gudrun". Department of Meteorology, University of Reading. Retrieved 17 April 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  11. 1 2 3 Clark, Peter A.; Gray, Suzanne L. (April 2018). "Sting jets in extratropical cyclones: a review". Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 144 (713): 943–969. Bibcode:2018QJRMS.144..943C. doi:10.1002/qj.3267.
  12. ↑ "Weather: A storm called Friedhelm". Meteogroup. Retrieved 4 February 2012.
  13. ↑ "Northern UK, Scotland Battered by Windstorm Friedhelm: AIR Analysis". AIR worldwide. 12 December 2011. Retrieved 4 February 2012.
  14. ↑ "Cyclone Friedhelm: a potential sting jet case". NCAS blog, Leeds University. Retrieved 29 February 2012.[permanent dead link]
  15. ↑ "Non-Convective High Wind Events: Investigating the Influence of Stratospheric Intrusions on Non-Convective High Wind Events Using RGB Air Mass Product" (PDF) (Technical Report). Saint Louis University Center for Environmental Sciences. Retrieved 18 October 2012.[permanent dead link]
  16. ↑ "Winter storm blasts the UK" (flash). Weather. BBC. Retrieved 4 February 2012.
  17. ↑ ""Sting Jet" signature associated with a high wind event in Scotland". Space Science and Engineering Center CIMSS Satellite Blog. 3 January 2012. Retrieved 5 February 2012.
  18. ↑ Grumm, Richard H. "Scottish Windstorm 3 January 2012" (PDF). National Weather Service-Pennsylvania State University Weather Events. National Weather Service-Pennsylvania State University. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 18, 2022. Retrieved 5 February 2012.
  19. ↑ "Sting jet signature associated with a high wind event in Scotland (storm Ulli, 3 January 2012)". Eumetsat. Archived from the original on 2 December 2013. Retrieved 18 March 2012.
  20. ↑ Smart, D. J.; Browning, K. A. (January 2014). "Attribution of strong winds to a cold conveyor belt and sting jet". Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 140 (679): 595–610. Bibcode:2014QJRMS.140..595S. doi:10.1002/qj.2162. S2CID 121931882. Retrieved 4 October 2015.
  21. ↑ "Orkan Christian". Retrieved 28 October 2013.
  22. ↑ Hammond, John (30 October 2013). "How 'Sting Jets' influence our weather". BBC Weather. Retrieved 15 November 2013.
  23. ↑ Volonte, Ambrogio; Clark, Peter A.; Grey, Suzanne L. (2015). "Sting Jet analyses in extratropical cyclones" (PDF). Swiss Climate Summer School 2015: Extreme Events and Climate. Retrieved 5 October 2015.
  24. ↑ Eisenstein, Lea; Pantillon, Florian; Knippertz, Peter (2020). "Dynamics of sting-jet storm Egon over continental Europe: Impact of surface properties and model resolution". Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 146 (726): 186–210. Bibcode:2020QJRMS.146..186E. doi:10.1002/qj.3666.
  25. ↑ @KeraunosObs (12 January 2017). "L'image vapeur d'eau pourrait suggérer le développement d'un sting jet (courant-jet d'occlusion), d'où ces violentes rafales #tempête #Egon" (Tweet) (in French) – via Twitter.
  26. ↑ Stacy R. Stewart (February 19, 2020). Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Humberto (PDF) (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved February 25, 2020.
  27. ↑ Volonté, Ambrogio; Gray, Suzanne L.; Clark, Peter A.; Martínez-Alvarado, Oscar; Ackerley, Duncan (2023-05-29). "Strong surface winds in Storm Eunice . Part 1: storm overview and indications of sting jet activity from observations and model data". Weather. 79 (2): 40–45. doi:10.1002/wea.4402. ISSN 0043-1656.
  28. ↑ "A look back on Storm Éowyn". Met Office. Retrieved 4 March 2026.
  29. ↑ "Storm Goretti develops sting jet over English Channel". Severe Weather Europe. Retrieved 15 January 2026.
  30. ↑ "IPMA - Detalhe noticia". www.ipma.pt. Retrieved 28 January 2026.
  31. ↑ "New Year's Day Storm 1992". Norwegian Meteorological Institute. Retrieved 10 February 2020.
  32. ↑ Seneviratne, S. I. (2008). "Analysis of autumn storm Renate". Meteorological Applications. 15: 112–120.
  33. ↑ "Oeste Storm analysis". IPMA. Retrieved 15 January 2011.
  34. ↑ "Historic October 2010 Cyclone". National Weather Service. Retrieved 1 November 2010.
  35. ↑ "Early Snowstorm October 2011". National Weather Service. Retrieved 5 November 2011.
  36. ↑ Mercer, A. (2013). "Midwest Extratropical Jet Dynamics". Monthly Weather Review. 141: 889–901.
  37. ↑ Ilicaro, M. (2014). "Black Sea Intense Cyclogenesis". Journal of Climate. 27: 401–415.
  38. ↑ "Storm Gong Event Report". IPMA. Retrieved 22 January 2013.
  39. ↑ Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Arthur (Report). National Hurricane Center. 2014.
  40. ↑ "Storm Elon analysis". Met Office. 2015. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |url= (help)
  41. ↑ "Tempête Zeus". Météo-France. 2017. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |url= (help)
  42. ↑ "Southern Ontario High Wind Event". Environment Canada. 2018. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |url= (help)
  43. ↑ Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Milton (Report). National Hurricane Center. 2025.
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