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List of sovereign states by research and development spending

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

World map by research and development spending according to Our World in Data[1]
World map of sovereign states by research and development spending per capita, according to OECD[2]
  $2000-$2249
  $1750-$1999
  $1500-$1749
  $1250-$1499
  $1000-$1249
  $750-$999
  $500-$749
  $250-$499
  $0-$249
  No data

This is a list of countries by research and development (R&D) spending in real terms, based on data published by the World Bank, and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).

Definition

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According to the World Bank: “Gross domestic expenditures on research and development (R&D) include both capital and current expenditures in the four main sectors: Business enterprise, Government, Higher education and Private non-profit. R&D covers basic research, applied research and experimental development.”[3]

According to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development: “Gross domestic spending on R&D is defined as the total expenditure (current and capital) on R&D carried out by all resident companies, research institutes, universities and government laboratories, etc., in a country. It includes R&D funded from abroad, but excludes domestic funds for R&D performed outside the domestic economy.”[2]

List (PPP terms)

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As of 2024, the following list ranks countries based on their research and development spendings in purchasing power parity:

Country R&D spending (billions) Global share R&D spending per capita
China 785.9 27.4% 558
United States 781.8 27.2% 2,300
Japan 186.0 6.5% 1,500
South Korea 136.4 4.6% 2,670
Germany 132.2 4.4% 1,600
United Kingdom 86.5 3.0% 1,250
India 75.7 2.6% 53
France 65.8 2.3% 982
Turkey 43.2 1.5% 514
Brazil 38.4 1.3% 180
Russia 38.1 1.3% 264
Canada 33.2 1.2% 812
Italy 32.5 1.1% 561
Spain 29.0 1.0% 617
Israel 26.5 0.9% 2,820
Australia 25.1 0.9% 927
Netherlands 23.0 0.8% 1,300
 Switzerland 20.8 0.7% 2,250
Belgium 19.9 0.7% 1,780
Sweden 19.9 0.7% 1,930
Egypt 16.4 0.6% 140
Austria 15.6 0.5% 1,690
Thailand 15.1 0.5% 209
Singapore 11.7 0.4% 2,250
UAE 11.4 0.4% 1,070
Denmark 10.4 0.4% 1,790
Malaysia 10.2 0.4% 300

List (% of GDP)

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The following table provides information on R&D spending, based on data published by the World Bank,[4] and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.[2] The indicator is measured in USD constant prices using the 2015 base year and purchasing power parities (PPPs) by OECD and as percentage of GDP. As of 2024, Israel leads the world in R&D spending as a percentage of GDP, followed by South Korea, the United States, Japan, Belgium and Sweden.

Research and development (R&D) expenditure
CountryWB[4]OECD[5][6]
R&D expenditureGross domestic
spending on R&D
% of GDPYear% of GDPmil USD PPCYear
 Albania0.202022
 Algeria0.442024
 American Samoa0.402006
 Andorra0.162022
 Angola0.032016
 Argentina0.602023
 Armenia0.292024
 Australia1.832021
 Austria3.2620233.2718,558.422024
 Azerbaijan0.212024
 Bahrain0.192024
 Belarus0.592024
 Belgium3.2720233.3624,739.442024
 Bermuda0.232020
 Bhutan0.102024
 Bolivia0.062021
 Bosnia and Herzegovina0.212024
 Botswana0.562013
 Brazil1.192023
 Brunei0.282018
 Bulgaria0.7920230.771,529.882024
 Burkina Faso0.102024
 Burundi0.212018
 Cabo Verde0.072011
 Cambodia0.092015
 Canada1.7920241.7939,256.392024
 Chad0.232016
 Chile0.392022
 China2.5820232.69859,300.092024
 Colombia0.292020
 Costa Rica0.3420230.29393.922024
 Croatia1.3920231.352,094.362024
 Cuba0.442024
 Cyprus0.682023
 Czech Republic1.8320231.829,476.112022
 Côte d'Ivoire0.072016
 Democratic Republic of the Congo0.412015
 Denmark3.0520233.0112,264.902022
 Ecuador0.442014
 Egypt1.022024
 El Salvador0.102023
 Estonia1.8420231.991,115.362022
 Eswatini0.282015
 Ethiopia0.272017
 Faroe Islands0.852003
 Finland3.0920233.229,733.682024
 France2.1820232.1882,107.642024
 Gabon0.582009
 Gambia0.072018
 Georgia0.262024
 Germany3.1520233.13159,537.402024
 Ghana0.382010
 Greece1.4920231.545,832.252024
 Greenland0.652004
 Guam0.262005
 Guatemala0.012023
 Honduras0.062019
 Hong Kong1.132024
 Hungary1.3820231.315,031.962024
 Iceland2.6420232.47610.822024
 India0.652020
 Indonesia0.282020
 Iran0.732021
 Iraq0.042021
 Ireland1.5920231.378,478.712024
 Israel6.3520236.7630,586.272024
 Italy1.3820231.3842,368.512024
 Jamaica0.062002
 Japan3.4420233.62204,375.902024
 Jordan0.702016
 Kazakhstan0.162024
 Kenya0.812024
 Kuwait0.092024
 Kyrgyzstan0.052024
 Laos0.042002
 Latvia0.8220230.91615.532024
 Lesotho0.092023
 Liechtenstein6.012023
 Lithuania1.0520231.041,370.922024
 Luxembourg1.0720230.99811.422024
 Macau0.312024
 Madagascar0.012017
 Malawi0.182019
 Malaysia1.012022
 Mali0.152023
 Malta0.652023
 Mauritania0.012018
 Mauritius0.262024
 Mexico0.252024
 Moldova0.222024
 Monaco0.042005
 Mongolia0.082022
 Montenegro0.362019
 Morocco0.662010
 Mozambique0.312015
 Myanmar0.022023
 Namibia0.652022
 Nepal0.302010
 Netherlands2.2720232.2928,005.662024
 New Zealand1.552023
 Nicaragua0.112015
 Nigeria0.282019
 North Macedonia0.372024
 Norway1.8520231.808,287.882024
 Oman0.392024
 Pakistan0.162023
 Palestine0.452013
 Panama0.202024
 Papua New Guinea0.032016
 Paraguay0.142023
 Peru0.182023
 Philippines0.282020
 Poland1.5620231.4122,790.612024
 Portugal1.6920231.737,635.732024
 Puerto Rico0.432015
 Qatar0.682021
 Republic of the Congo0.382022
 Romania0.5220230.463,235.712024
 Russia0.942024
 Rwanda0.782023
 Saint Lucia0.271999
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines0.112002
 Saudi Arabia0.642024
 Senegal0.582015
 Serbia0.942024
 Seychelles0.222016
 Singapore1.812022
 Slovakia1.0320230.982,094.362024
 Slovenia2.1320232.162,201.522024
 South Africa0.612022
 South Korea4.9420235.13141,653.812024
 Spain1.4920231.5033,629.012024
 Sri Lanka0.112022
 Sudan0.232005
 Sweden3.6020233.5622,720.412024
 Switzerland3.222023
 Syria0.042022
 Taiwan4.1065,084.772024
 Tajikistan0.092020
 Tanzania0.512013
 Thailand0.942023
 Togo0.222024
 Trinidad and Tobago0.052021
 Tunisia0.752019
 Turkey2.4220231.4645,563.162024
 Turkmenistan0.092023
 Uganda0.442023
 Ukraine0.372024
 United Arab Emirates1.492021
 United Kingdom2.682023
 United States Virgin Islands0.032007
 United States3.4520233.45847,935.112024
 Uruguay0.702023
 Uzbekistan0.102024
 Venezuela0.342014
 Vietnam0.412023
 Zambia0.282008
 European Union2.13508,419.522024
OECD2.721,990,750.122024


See also

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References

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  1. ↑ Our World in Data. "Research and development spending as a share of GDP". ourworldindata.org. Retrieved 2026-08-23.
  2. 1 2 3 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. "Gross domestic spending on R&D". data.oecd.org. Retrieved 2024-10-16.
  3. ↑ World Bank. "Metadata Glossary | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP)". databank.worldbank.org. Retrieved 2024-10-16.
  4. 1 2 World Bank. "Research and development expenditure (% of GDP)". data.worldbank.org. Retrieved 2026-08-25.
  5. ↑ "Gross domestic spending on R&D (% of GDP)". Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Retrieved 2026-08-25.
  6. ↑ "Gross domestic spending on R&D (Million US dollars)". Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Retrieved 2026-08-25.
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