Human-powered land vehicle

Human-powered land vehicles are land vehicles propelled over ground by human power. The main ways to support the weight of a human-powered land vehicle and its contents above the ground are rolling contact; sliding contact; intermittent contact; no contact at all as with anything carried; or some combination of the above.^[1] The main methods of using human power to propel a land vehicle are some kind of drivetrain; pushing laterally against the ground with a wheel, skate, or ski that simultaneously moves forward; by pushing against the ground directly with an appendage opposite to the direction of travel; or by propeller. Human-powered land vehicles can be propelled by persons riding in the vehicle or by persons walking or running and not supported by the vehicle.

Many human-powered land vehicles can also be gravity-powered land vehicles, and vice versa, although some of the latter are quite awkward to use as the former. These include street luges, gravity racers, and snow boards.

Types of ground contact

There are four main ways to support the weight of a human-powered land vehicle and its contents: rolling contact as with wheels; sliding contact as with skates, skis, or runners; intermittent contact as with stilts; and no contact at all as with anything carried. Additionally, these four methods may be combined as in wheelbarrows.

Wheeled

The most common wheeled human-powered land vehicle is the bicycle in all its forms. Other notable examples include:

Balance bicycles and dandy horses
Handcars, and draisines
Hotchkiss Bicycle Railroad and shweeb
Inline skates, roller skates, roller skis and Roller shoe
Kick scooters, kickbikes, knee scooters, and square scooters
Rickshaws, prams, strollers, roller buggies and buggies/Shopping trolley (caddy)
Skateboards, longboards, Penny boards, snakeboards, caster boards, Freeline skates, Surfskate (or Carveboard)
Unicycles, Tricycles, quadracycles, and velomobiles
Trikkes
Wheelchairs
Baby walkers

Cycling
Longboarding
Wheelchair
Rollerskating
Rickshaw

Sliding

Snowboarding
Ice skating
Sledding
Skiing
Clap skating

Intermittent

Types of propulsion

There are three main methods of using human power to propel a land vehicle: some kind of drivetrain that turns one or more drive wheels; pushing laterally against the ground, to the side relative to the forward motion of the vehicle, with a wheel, skate, or ski that simultaneously moves forward; by pushing against the ground directly with an appendage, such as a hand or a foot, opposite to the direction of travel, or by pushing against the air with a propeller.^[2]

Drivetrain

Lateral motion of one or more wheels, skis, or skates

Direct contact with the ground

References

↑ Oxford English Dictionary (2nd ed.). 1989. vehicle, n. 6. A means of conveyance provided with wheels or runners and used for the carriage of persons or goods; a carriage, cart, wagon, sledge, or similar contrivance. 7. a. Any means of carriage, conveyance, or transport; a receptacle in which anything is placed in order to be moved.
↑ Melissa Wagenberg Lasher (2007). "The Propeller Trike". Popular Mechanics. Retrieved 2012-05-30.

[1] Oxford English Dictionary (2nd ed.). 1989. vehicle, n. 6. A means of conveyance provided with wheels or runners and used for the carriage of persons or goods; a carriage, cart, wagon, sledge, or similar contrivance. 7. a. Any means of carriage, conveyance, or transport; a receptacle in which anything is placed in order to be moved.

[2] Melissa Wagenberg Lasher (2007). "The Propeller Trike". Popular Mechanics. Retrieved 2012-05-30.

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