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HAL Airport

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HAL Airport
Summary
Airport typeMilitary/public
Owner/OperatorHindustan Aeronautics Limited
LocationBengaluru, Karnataka, India
Opened1941 (1941)
Passenger services ceased
24 May 2008 (2008-05-24)
Elevation AMSL2,915 ft (888 m)
Coordinates12°57′8″N 77°39′52″E / 12.95222°N 77.66444°E / 12.95222; 77.66444
Map
VOBG is located in Bengaluru
VOBG
VOBG
Location within Bengaluru
VOBG is located in Karnataka
VOBG
VOBG
Location within Karnataka
VOBG is located in India
VOBG
VOBG
Location within India
Runways
Direction Length Surface
m ft
09/27 3,306 10,846 Asphalt
Statistics (April 2025 – March 2026)
Passengers19,941 (Increase 15.5%)
Aircraft movements5,299 (Increase 25.2%)
Cargo tonnage—
Source: AAI[1][2][3]

HAL Airport (ICAO: VOBG) is an airport that serves Bengaluru, the capital of the Indian state of Karnataka. Located 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) southeast of the city centre, it has one runway. Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL), a state-owned defence company, owns the airfield, which it and the Indian Air Force use as a testing facility. The airport also caters to charter flights and general aviation, including VIP flights and business aviation.

The airport commenced operations in 1941 as the home of India's first aircraft factory, which was established by the company Hindustan Aircraft Limited. The Allies employed the airfield as a repair facility during the Second World War, after which it began to receive commercial flights. In the 1990s, HAL requested sole use of the airport, resulting in the planning of another airfield. Meanwhile, the HAL airport went through expansions and upgrades to keep pace with the growing civilian air traffic in the city. The civil enclave was replaced by the new airport, now known as Kempegowda International Airport, in 2008.

History

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Beginnings

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Indian entrepreneur Walchand Hirachand wanted to be the first to build aeroplanes in India during the Second World War. He partnered with American businessman William Pawley and the princely state of Mysore to erect a factory in Bangalore.[4] A company called Hindustan Aircraft Limited (HAL) was created and construction commenced in December 1940.[5][6][a] The factory began operations in 1941.[8] Japan's entry into the war led the government of India to take control of HAL the following year.[9] The United States Army Tenth Air Force arrived and redirected the factory toward the repair and overhaul of aircraft and engines.[10] It took over the facility in 1943. Workers serviced aircraft such as C-47 Dakotas and B-25 Mitchells, and seaplanes were tested at the adjacent Bellandur Lake. The Americans handed the HAL factory back to the Indian government in 1945 after the war ended.[11]

As of 1939, the Mysore government was building a civil aerodrome for Bangalore at Jakkur.[12] The airfield had passenger service in 1940.[13][14] After the war, the HAL airport opened to commercial flights.[15] Deccan Airways introduced service to Hyderabad in May 1946.[16] As of 1952, four airlines were flying nonstop from the airport to four cities.[17] The following year, the national government combined all domestic carriers into a single company called Indian Airlines.[18]

Indian began flying Caravelle jets on the Bombay–Bangalore–Madras route in April 1965.[19] In the 1970s, HAL and the Indian Air Force used the airport in the morning, so passenger flights were concentrated in the afternoon.[20] By 1977 Indian Airlines had deployed wide-body Airbus A300s on flights to Bangalore.[21] An expansion project was completed the following year, with features including a larger conveyor belt, new lounge, and wider car park. Due to the rate at which air traffic was rising and the arrival of the A300, the programme was already deemed insufficient.[20] During the 1980–1981 fiscal year, Indian carried 550,000 passengers to and from the HAL airport.[22] The carrier linked Bangalore to seven destinations in 1982.[23]

Plans for a new airport

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In 1991, HAL conveyed to the state government that it no longer wished to share its airfield with commercial airlines, which operated out of a civil enclave run by the National Airports Authority. State officials began to plan the construction of a new airport for Bangalore through a public–private partnership.[24] A group of private companies including Tata Industries, Raytheon, and Singapore Changi Airport evinced interest in the project and signed a memorandum of understanding with the Karnataka government in 1995; the agreement specified that passenger flights would switch to the new facility upon its inauguration.[25] Meanwhile, Bangalore's global stature rose as its information technology industry expanded, leading to greater traffic at the HAL airport.[25][26] The daily passenger count climbed from one thousand in 1991 to more than six thousand in 1997.[25]

However, HAL later dropped its demand. The enterprise and the Airports Authority of India (AAI) shared the earnings from the airport, and HAL feared the impact the closure would have on its revenue.[27][28][b] The union government supported keeping the HAL airport open to commercial flights alongside the new airport. On the other hand, the consortium insisted that the civil enclave would need to cease operations in order to ensure the new airport's profitability.[25] State officials added that the lake, apartment complexes, and other buildings surrounding the HAL airport made it difficult to expand the site to accommodate future growth in air traffic.[30] The parties failed to reach an agreement, and the consortium exited the venture in 1998.[31]

UB Air, the country's first private carrier since the liberalisation of the airline industry, launched service from its Bangalore base in 1990.[32] Air India commenced the first international flight to Singapore in January 1995.[33][34] A storage facility for perishable goods opened in 1998, making Bangalore the second airport in India to have one.[35] The AAI constructed a new international terminal, which was inaugurated by Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee in January 1999.[36] The central government characterised the terminal as a short-term measure and said it still wanted to build a new airport with support from the private sector.[36] Later that year, the Karnataka government and Ministry of Civil Aviation formed a partnership as minority stakeholders in the project and began accepting new bids for a private firm.[37][38]

Growth and transfer of civilian operations

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A Kingfisher Airlines Airbus A320-200 jet taxiing at the airport (2006)
Departures hall, seen in 2006

The HAL airport acquired new air service. In October 2000, the airport received its first foreign carrier, Royal Nepal Airlines, which initiated a route to Kathmandu.[27][39] The following September, Lufthansa launched flights to Frankfurt, signalling the first time the South Indian metropolis had a direct link to Europe.[40][41] Air Deccan established its first base at the HAL airport upon starting operations in 2003.[42] As of 2005, Bangalore was the third busiest airport in India with respect to domestic operations, and more international travellers were arriving as well.[27] Carriers like British Airways and Air France, which began service to the city on the same day that year, contributed to this growth.[43][44] The airport was connected to foreign destinations like Bangkok, London, and Sharjah.[45] In April 2008, Air Mauritius added a route between Bangalore and the African island.[46]

Meanwhile, a company called Bangalore International Airport Limited (BIAL) signed a concession agreement in 2004 with the state and national governments to build a new, larger airport.[47] Similar to the memorandum that the original consortium had signed, the contract barred commercial flights from operating at the HAL airport for 25 years after the new facility opened.[48] The following year, BIAL started construction at a site 35 kilometres (22 mi) from downtown in the suburb of Devanahalli.[27]

The large amount of traffic placed strain on the HAL airport. The terminals and parking lot became congested.[49][45] The international terminal was busiest in the middle of the night and sometimes had queues that stretched outside the building.[50] Additionally, the tarmac had only six parking stands for passenger aircraft.[51] HAL said that civilian operations at the airport were hindering its activities, which ranged from flying sorties to evaluating aircraft prototypes.[52] The Hindu wrote that the state of the HAL airport ran counter to Bangalore's reputation as a high-tech centre.[53] To improve the situation, the AAI and HAL collaborated on a renovation programme in 2006. They constructed extra parking bays and installed new air traffic control technology.[52] In the terminals, they added ticket counters and increased the seating capacity.[54] Ten domestic airlines and eleven foreign carriers were serving the airport in 2007,[55] and 10.1 million passengers passed through the terminals in the 2007–2008 fiscal year.[56]

Some people, including a civic organisation called Bangalore City Connect and an Air Deccan executive, opposed the discontinuation of passenger flights from the HAL airport. They said it would take too long to reach the new airport and the high demand for air travel made it sensible for the city to have two airports.[57][55] Additionally, 20,000 AAI workers across India held a strike in March 2008 over the closure of the civil enclaves in Bangalore and Hyderabad.[58] The High Court of Karnataka rejected petitions to maintain commercial operations at the HAL airport.[59] The last international flight was operated by Singapore Airlines, departing at 23:23 on 23 May 2008. There were two flights to Delhi that took off after midnight on 24 May. That day the new airport, known as Kempegowda International Airport, commenced operations.[60]

Facilities and operations

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HAL Airport has one asphalt runway, which is oriented to 90/270 degrees and measures 3,306 by 61 metres (10,846 ft × 200 ft).[61] It is equipped with a category I instrument landing system.[62]

HAL and the Indian Air Force perform test flights from the airfield. The airport also accommodates non-scheduled civilian operations, including VIP and charter flights. It serves as a training site for commercial airline pilots.[63] The HAL airport does not function as a diversion alternative to Kempegowda International Airport, as HAL no longer has a licence from the Directorate General of Civil Aviation.[64] An AirAsia India flight in 2015 was an exception. The Deccan Chronicle reported that the aircraft was running low on fuel;[65] the airline stated that it had enough fuel to reach Chennai but the runway there was unavailable.[66]

The closed civil enclave was officially known as Bangalore International Airport.[67] It occupied 20 acres (8.1 ha) and had two terminals labelled domestic and international. The domestic terminal handled departing domestic passengers, while the international terminal was used by international and arriving domestic travellers.[68] The international terminal had two aerobridges.[69] The airport bookstore, Sankars, was open for more than four decades and known for its varied collection and friendly staff.[70]

Statistics

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Passenger numbers at the HAL airport
Period (April–March)CountPercent changeRef.
2001–022,276,300—[71]
2002–033,026,700Increase 33.0[71]
2003–043,181,200Increase 5.1[72][73]
2004–054,113,400Increase 29.3[72][73]
2005–065,654,700Increase 37.5[74]
2006–078,125,000Increase 43.7[74]
2007–0810,120,600Increase 24.6[56]

Incidents and accidents

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  • On 15 September 1951, an Air India Douglas C-47 Dakota departed with the autopilot switched on, causing the plane to crash. Of the 27 people on board, one crew member died in the accident.[75]
  • On 21 October 1963, a Fairchild C-119 Flying Boxcar belonging to the Indian Air Force collided with trees as it was preparing to land, killing eight of the 21 people aboard.[76]
  • 14 February 1990: Indian Airlines Flight 605, an Airbus A320, crashed on final approach with 92 fatalities.[77]
  • 28 December 1996: A Blue Dart Aviation Boeing 737 made a heavy, off-centre landing, causing damage to the aircraft.[78]
  • 12 February 2004: A helicopter being used by the HAL Rotary Wing Academy crashed, injuring both occupants.[79]
  • 26 October 2005: An Indian Air Force MiG-21 crashed, killing the pilot.[80]
  • 11 March 2006: An Air Deccan ATR 72 with 40 passengers and 4 crew members made a heavy landing. There were no major injuries, but the aircraft was written off.[81][82]
  • 4 May 2006: A Transmile Air Services 727-2F2F suffered damage to the left-wing fuel tank.[83]
  • 21 August 2006: A Kiran Mark II trainer aircraft landed on its fuselage after the wheels failed to deploy.[84]
  • 6 June 2007: A Sri Lankan Cargo Antonov An-12 lost engine power on the runway.[85]
  • 6 March 2009: A NAL Saras aircraft prototype that had taken off from HAL Airport crashed in a field near Bidadi, killing the three-man crew of test pilots.[86]
  • 1 February 2019: An Indian Air Force Mirage 2000 modified by HAL on an acceptance flight crashed 500 metres outside the airport perimeter wall after an unsuccessful touch-and-go on runway 09; both pilots ejected but landed on burning wreckage and died.[87]

See also

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References

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Notes
  1. ↑ In 1964, Hindustan Aircraft Limited would combine with Aeronautics India Limited to create Hindustan Aeronautics Limited, retaining the acronym HAL.[7]
  2. ↑ The National Airports Authority and the International Airports Authority of India merged to form the Airports Authority of India in 1995.[29]
Citations
  1. ↑ "Annexure III – Passenger Data" (PDF). aai.aero. Retrieved 5 May 2026.
  2. ↑ "Annexure II – Aircraft Movement Data" (PDF). aai.aero. Retrieved 5 May 2026.
  3. ↑ "Annexure IV – Freight Movement Data" (PDF). aai.aero. Retrieved 5 May 2026.
  4. ↑ Iqbal 2023, pp. 181–184
  5. ↑ Ramnath 2020, pp. 47–48
  6. ↑ Singh 2001, pp. 24–25
  7. ↑ "Our history". Hindustan Aeronautics Limited. Retrieved 5 September 2026.
  8. ↑ Iqbal 2023, p. 184
  9. ↑ Ramnath 2020, pp. 49–50
  10. ↑ Singh 2001, pp. 30–31
  11. ↑ Singh 2001, pp. 32–33
  12. ↑ "Maharaja's birthday festivities". The Times of India. 26 May 1939. p. 15. Full access available to users of The Wikipedia Library.
  13. ↑ "Madras linked with Hyderabad". The Indian Express. 11 April 1940. p. 2. Retrieved 18 September 2026.
  14. ↑ "Development of airways in Hyderabad". The Deccan Chronicle. 2 May 1946. In Reddy 2001, p. 137
  15. ↑ "Flying club for Bangalore". The Indian Express. 30 November 1947. p. 10. Retrieved 10 August 2026.
  16. ↑ "Deccan Airways inaugurated". The Indian Express. 25 May 1946. p. 5. Retrieved 26 February 2024.
  17. ↑ Singh 2003, p. 91
  18. ↑ Singh 2003, p. 62
  19. ↑ "Three flights a day to Delhi: IAC's summer schedule". The Times of India. 25 February 1965. p. 6.
  20. 1 2 Dharmarajan, S. (22 June 1978). "Planning & development of airports lag in south". The Times of India. p. 9.
  21. ↑ Davies 1997, pp. 45–46
  22. ↑ Kamath 1983, p. 89
  23. ↑ Kamath 1983, p. 85
  24. ↑ Menon, Shyam G. (15 July 1998). "Tata-Raytheon backs out of airport project". The Hindu Business Line.
  25. 1 2 3 4 David, Stephen (31 January 1997). "Wranglings between the Centre and Karnataka puts proposed Devanahalli airport in limbo". India Today. Archived from the original on 25 December 2019. Retrieved 4 July 2021.
  26. ↑ "New Bangalore airport launch put off to Saturday". India Today. Indo-Asian News Service. 21 May 2008. Archived from the original on 27 July 2021. Retrieved 27 July 2021.
  27. 1 2 3 4 D. S., Madhumathi (24 December 2005). "Preparing for take-off". The Hindu Business Line.
  28. ↑ Bhargava, Anjuli (6 January 1998). "Defence Ministry In Bid To Keep Hal Airport Afloat". Business Standard. Archived from the original on 26 July 2021. Retrieved 27 July 2021.
  29. ↑ Singh 2003, pp. 67–68
  30. ↑ Giriprakash, K. (12 February 1998). "State govt says HAL airport may render new project unviable". Business Standard. Archived from the original on 27 July 2021. Retrieved 27 July 2021.
  31. ↑ Chakravarti, Sudeep (20 July 1998). "Tripped by politics and intense lobbying, Tata Group's airline project falls apart". India Today. Archived from the original on 25 January 2021. Retrieved 27 July 2021.
  32. ↑ Hazarika, Sanjoy (30 July 1990). "India Trying To Shore Up Its Tourism". The New York Times. ProQuest 427713584.
  33. ↑ Aggarwal, Narendra (2 December 1994). "Air India to introduce Bangalore-S'pore flight". The Straits Times.
  34. ↑ Press Trust of India (January 1995). "Bangalore-Singapore Flight Inaugurated". India News. 34 (1). Retrieved 4 July 2021.
  35. ↑ Rao, N. Vasuki (2 October 1998). "India opens its second perishable-cargo air terminal". The Journal of Commerce.
  36. 1 2 "PM opens Bangalore Airport terminal". The Hindu. 1 January 1999.
  37. ↑ "Indian PM launches Bangalore airport project". Reuters. 19 January 2001.
  38. ↑ "Fresh pact signed for Bangalore airport". Business Standard. 4 May 1999.
  39. ↑ Ramaswamy, Saggere (3 November 2000). "Nepal Airlines to seek passenger load expansion". The Hindu Business Line.
  40. ↑ "Lufthansa to fly to Bangalore from September 1". Reuters. 20 March 2001.
  41. ↑ "Lufthansa services from Bangalore". The Hindu. 3 September 2001. Archived from the original on 6 November 2004. Retrieved 5 July 2021.
  42. ↑ "India sees first low-cost airline". Airline Business. 19 (10): 25. October 2003. ProQuest 204258675.
  43. ↑ Nair, Dipti (1 November 2005). "Direct from Paris to Garden City". Deccan Herald. Archived from the original on 3 November 2005. Retrieved 19 April 2026.
  44. ↑ Bhatia, Shyam (1 November 2005). "London to B'lore, non-stop". Deccan Herald. Archived from the original on 3 November 2005. Retrieved 19 April 2026.
  45. 1 2 Kappan, Rasheed (13 February 2006). "Chaos reigns supreme at Bangalore airport". The Hindu.
  46. ↑ "Air Mauritius introduces new service to Bangalore" (PDF). Air Mauritius. 22 February 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 November 2008. Retrieved 23 October 2022.
  47. ↑ David, Stephen (29 July 2004). "On the runway: Bangalore International Airport to be India's first private sector-led project". India Today. Archived from the original on 30 July 2020. Retrieved 4 October 2015.
  48. ↑ D. S., Madhumathi; Shankar, Jay (24 February 2018). "Old airport revival on HAL agenda". The Hindu.
  49. ↑ Kappan, Rasheed (5 October 2006). "Acute shortage of vehicle parking space at airport". The Hindu.
  50. ↑ Kappan, Rasheed (28 September 2006). "Shortage of staff renders scanner redundant at airport". The Hindu.
  51. ↑ "Hard times ahead for city airport authorities". The Hindu. 31 October 2005. Archived from the original on 3 April 2016. Retrieved 23 July 2021.
  52. 1 2 "Military flights hit by commercial traffic at HAL airport". Oneindia. United News of India. 28 April 2006. Archived from the original on 9 July 2021. Retrieved 6 July 2021.
  53. ↑ "Devanahalli airport work to start in December". The Hindu. 25 July 2004.
  54. ↑ Kappan, Rasheed (6 April 2006). "HAL airport to get a makeover". The Hindu.
  55. 1 2 "Bangalore: To operate HAL airport or not?". Oneindia. 10 June 2007. Archived from the original on 25 April 2021. Retrieved 29 July 2021.
  56. 1 2 "Annexure III: Traffic Statistics" (PDF). Airports Authority of India. March 2008. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 February 2010. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
  57. ↑ Sengupta, Somini (22 May 2008). "An Indian Airport Hurries to Make the First Flight". The New York Times. ProQuest 433846566.
  58. ↑ "Slow take-off for airport stir". Gulf News. Indo-Asian News Service. 13 March 2008. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
  59. ↑ "HC refuses to stay HAL Airport closure". The Hindu. 24 May 2008.
  60. ↑ "12:30 am & HAL airport not closed". Deccan Herald. 24 May 2008. Archived from the original on 28 May 2008. Retrieved 8 August 2026.
  61. ↑ "VOBG - HAL Airport Bengaluru". Electronic Aeronautical Information Publication. Airports Authority of India. 20 August 2026. Retrieved 25 September 2026.
  62. ↑ Mavad, Asra (28 July 2026). "Bengaluru's HAL airport set to get ILS upgrade after 29 years". Deccan Herald. Retrieved 26 September 2026.
  63. ↑ Hemanth C. S. (18 November 2022). "HAL airport records increase in charter flight operations". The Hindu. Retrieved 26 September 2026.
  64. ↑ S. Lalitha (11 November 2024). "Why divert flights to Chennai, Hyderabad? Give HAL the nod: Experts". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 26 September 2026.
  65. ↑ Upadhye, Amit S. (4 September 2015). "HAL Airport saves day for 155 passengers; AirAsia flight low on fuel makes emergency landing". Deccan Chronicle. Retrieved 26 September 2026.
  66. ↑ "Not emergency landing, says Air Asia". Deccan Chronicle. 5 September 2015. Retrieved 26 September 2026.
  67. ↑ "Bangalore: General information". Airports Authority of India. Archived from the original on 12 February 2007. Retrieved 30 August 2021.
  68. ↑ Honnalingaiah 2001, p. 157
  69. ↑ "Two more international flights from Bangalore". The Hindu Business Line. 31 December 1998.
  70. ↑ Parthasarathy, Anand (23 May 2008). "A bookshop turns its last page". The Hindu.
  71. 1 2 "Annexure II: Traffic Statistics of Airports in India, March 2003". Airports Authority of India. Archived from the original on 8 April 2008. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
  72. 1 2 "Annexure-II: Traffic Statistics - International, March 2005". Airports Authority of India. Archived from the original on 16 June 2009. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
  73. 1 2 "Annexure III: Traffic Statistics - Domestic, March 2005". Airports Authority of India. Archived from the original on 16 June 2009. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
  74. 1 2 "Annexure III: Traffic Statistics, March 2007" (PDF). Airports Authority of India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 January 2013. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
  75. ↑ "Description of accident involving an aircraft registered VT-CCA on 15 September 1951". Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved 23 July 2021.
  76. ↑ "Accident involving a Fairchild C-119G Flying Boxcar registered BK-962 on 21 October 1963". Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved 24 July 2021.
  77. ↑ Flight 605 at the Aviation Safety Network
  78. ↑ Incident report at the Aviation Safety Network
  79. ↑ "Chopper crash-lands at HAL Airport". Archived from the original on 28 December 2007. Retrieved 21 March 2007.
  80. ↑ "Pilot killed as MiG crashes in Bangalore". The Hindu. 27 October 2005. Archived from the original on 28 December 2007. Retrieved 20 October 2018.
  81. ↑ Incident report at the Aviation Safety Network
  82. ↑ "Air Deccan aircraft skids off runway". Archived from the original on 7 September 2008. Retrieved 29 May 2008.
  83. ↑ Incident report at the Aviation Safety Network
  84. ↑ "Plane crash-lands at Bangalore Airport". Ibnlive.com. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 20 October 2018.
  85. ↑ Karnataka. "Air traffic disrupted as cargo aircraft gets stuck on runway". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 17 September 2007. Retrieved 20 October 2018.
  86. ↑ Kaminski-Morrow, David (30 April 2010). "Crashed Saras lost stability during re-light test". Flight Global. Archived from the original on 13 September 2021. Retrieved 13 September 2021.
  87. ↑ Rao, Mohit M. (1 February 2019). "Two pilots killed as Mirage aircraft crashes during take-off at Bengaluru HAL airport". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Archived from the original on 7 November 2020. Retrieved 6 January 2020.
Sources
  • Davies, R. E. G. (1997). Airlines of Asia since 1920. Putnam Aeronautical Books. ISBN 0-85177-855-0.
  • S. R. Honnalingaiah, ed. (2001). A Handbook of Karnataka (Revised Edition). Government of Karnataka.
  • Iqbal, Aashique Ahmed (2023). The Aeroplane and the Making of Modern India. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780192864208. Full access available to users of The Wikipedia Library.
  • Kamath, Suryanath U., ed. (1983). Karnataka State Gazetteer: Part 2. Government of Karnataka.
  • Ramnath, Aparajith (2020). "International Networks and Aircraft Manufacture in Colonial and Postcolonial India: States, Entrepreneurs and Educational Institutions, 1940-64". History of Global Arms Transfer (9): 41–59. doi:10.69267/rihgat.2020.1_41.
  • Reddy, P. Anuradha (2001). Aviation in the Hyderabad Dominions. ISBN 81-7525-259-6.
  • Singh, Pushpindar (2001). Diamonds in the Sky: Sixty Years of HAL, 1940–2001. The Society for Aerospace Studies, for Hindustan Aeronautics Limited.
  • Singh, Pushpindar (2003). History of Aviation in India: Spanning the Century of Flight. The Society for Aerospace Studies.
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