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Demographics of Angola

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Demographics of Angola
Population pyramid of Angola in 2020
Population34,795,287
Birth rate36.6 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Death rate6.80 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)
Life expectancy62.11 years
Fertility rate4.95 children born/woman (2025 est.)
Net migration rate-0.19 migrant(s)
Age structure
0–14 years47.83%
65 and over2.3%
Nationality
NationalityAngolan

Demographic features of the population of Angola include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects.

Angolas population between 1960 and 2017.

According to 2014 census data, Angola had a population of 25,789,024 inhabitants in 2014.[1] Ethnically, there are three main groups, each speaking a Bantu language: the Ovimbundu who represent 37% of the population, the Ambundu with 25%, and the Bakongo 11%. Other numerically important groups include the closely interrelated Chokwe and Lunda, the Ganguela and Nyaneka-Khumbi (in both cases classification terms that stand for a variety of small groups), the Ovambo, the Herero, the Xindonga and scattered residual groups of San. In addition, mixed race (European and African) people amount to about 7%, with nearly 1% of the population being whites, mainly ethnically Portuguese.

As a former overseas territory of Portugal until 1975, Angola possesses a Portuguese population of over 200,000, a number that has been growing from 2000 onwards, because of Angola's growing demand for qualified human resources. Currently,[when?] around 300,000 Angolans are white, around 500,000 Angolans are mixed race or black and white, and around 50,000 Angolans are from China.[2] This accounts for around 850,000 people. In 1974, white Angolans made up a population of 335,000 people in an overall population of 6.3 million Angolans at that time. The only reliable source on these numbers is Gerald Bender & Stanley Yoder, Whites in Angola on the Eve of Independence: The Politics of Numbers, Africa Today, 21 (4) 1974, pp. 23 – 37. Today,[when?] many Angolans who are not ethnic Portuguese can claim Portuguese nationality under Portuguese law. Estimates on the overall population are given in O Pais.[3][4][5][6] Besides the Portuguese, significant numbers of people from other European and from diverse Latin American countries (especially Brazil) can be found. From the 2000s, many Chinese have settled and started up small businesses, while at least as many have come as workers for large enterprises (construction or other). Observers claim that the Chinese community in Angola might include as many as 300,000 persons at the end of 2010, but reliable statistics are not at this stage available.[7] In 1974/75, over 25,000 Cuban soldiers arrived in Angola to help the MPLA forces at the beginning of the Angolan Civil War. Once this was over, a massive development cooperation in the field of health and education brought in numerous civil personnel from Cuba. However, only a very small percentage of all these people has remained in Angola, either for personal reasons (intermarriage) or as professionals (e.g., medical doctors).

The largest religious denomination is Catholicism, to which adheres about half the population. Roughly 26% are followers of traditional forms of Protestantism (Congregationals, Methodists, Baptista, Lutherans, Reformed), but over the last decades there has in addition been a growth of Pentecostal communities and African Initiated Churches. In 2006, one out of 221 people were Jehovah's Witnesses. Africans from Mali, Nigeria and Senegal are mostly Sunni Muslims, but do not make up more than 1- 2% of the population. By now few Angolans retain African traditional religions.

Population

[edit]
Demographics development according to the United Nations

According to the 2022 revision of the world factbook the total population was 34,795,287 in 2022.[8] The proportion of children below the age of 14 in 2020 was 47.83%, 49.87% was between 15 and 65 years of age, while 2.3% was 65 years or older.[8]

Total population[8] Population aged 0–14 (%) Population aged 15–64 (%) Population aged 65+ (%)
1950 4,148,00041.255.73.1
1955 4,542,00042.454.92.7
1960 4,963,00043.753.62.7
1965 5,431,00045.352.02.7
1970 5,926,00046.051.32.7
1975 6,637,00046.251.12.7
1980 7,638,00046.550.82.7
1985 9,066,00047.050.42.7
1990 10,335,00047.549.92.6
1995 12,105,00047.649.82.5
2000 13,926,00047.749.92.5
2005 16,489,00047.649.92.5
2010 19,082,00046.650.92.5
2014 25,789,00047.350.32.4
2020 32,522,33947.849.92.3
Population by Sex and Age Group (Census 16.V.2014):[9]
Age group Male Female Total %
Total 12 499 041 13 289 983 25 789 024 100
0–4 2 484 582 2 513 566 4 998 148 19.38
5–9 2 062 888 2 097 287 4 160 174 16.13
10–14 1 504 180 1 533 993 3 038 173 11.78
15–19 1 222 700 1 287 736 2 510 436 9.73
20–24 1 020 699 1 153 802 2 174 501 8.43
25–29 913 726 1 031 323 1 945 050 7.54
30–34 714 239 789 281 1 503 520 5.83
35–39 654 408 728 550 1 382 959 5.36
40–44 510 344 539 742 1 050 085 4.07
45–49 417 953 446 951 864 904 3.35
50–54 332 638 376 532 709 169 2.75
55–59 229 641 253 678 483 319 1.87
60–64 165 937 190 217 356 154 1.38
65–69 95 614 119 773 215 387 0.84
70–74 78 673 101 494 180 167 0.70
75–79 39 257 53 687 92 944 0.36
80–84 28 351 38 441 66 792 0.26
85–89 9 967 14 861 24 828 0.10
90–94 7 603 10 572 18 175 0.07
95+ 5 640 8 498 14 138 0.05
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0–14 6 051 650 6 144 846 12 196 496 47.29
15–64 6 182 286 6 797 811 12 980 097 50.33
65+ 265 105 347 326 612 431 2.37
Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2020) (Post-censal estimates.):[10]
Age group Male Female Total %
Total 15 168 180 15 959 494 31 127 674 100
0–4 2 499 013 2 501 045 5 000 058 16.06
5–9 2 486 762 2 525 617 5 012 379 16.10
10–14 2 109 413 2 147 502 4 256 915 13.68
15–19 1 646 467 1 703 593 3 350 060 10.76
20–24 1 324 586 1 389 321 2 713 907 8.72
25–29 1 080 096 1 160 339 2 240 435 7.20
30–34 893 015 978 811 1 871 826 6.01
35–39 743 420 828 169 1 571 589 5.05
40–44 618 724 692 419 1 311 143 4.21
45–49 503 305 556 808 1 060 113 3.41
50–54 401 888 445 257 847 145 2.72
55–59 304 199 343 355 647 554 2.08
60–64 222 814 258 393 481 207 1.55
65–69 148 455 180 188 328 643 1.06
70–74 93 883 119 433 213 316 0.69
75–79 53 235 71 070 124 305 0.40
80+ 38 905 58 174 97 079 0.31
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0–14 7 095 188 7 174 164 14 269 352 45.84
15–64 7 738 514 8 356 465 16 094 979 51.71
65+ 334 478 428 865 763 343 2.45
millionyear0510152025303540195019601970198019902000201020202030population (million)Angola Total Population
View source data.
‰years18212427303336195019601970198019902000201020202030Natural change (per 1000)Angola Population Change
View source data.
Total Fertility Rate55.566.577.51950196119721983199420052016Total Fertility Rate
View source data.
Infant Mortality (per 1000 live births)3060901201501802101950196119721983199420052016Infant Mortality (per 1000 live births)
View source data.

Vital statistics

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Registration of vital events in Angola is not complete. The website Our World in Data prepared the following estimates based on statistics from the Population Department of the United Nations.[11]

Mid-year population Live births Deaths Natural change Crude birth rate (per 1000) Crude death rate (per 1000) Natural change (per 1000) Total fertility rate (TFR) Infant mortality (per 1000 live births) Life expectancy (in years)
1950 4,478,000 207,000 119,000 88,000 46.1 26.5 19.7 5.77 181.3 36.35
1951 4,570,000 212,000 122,000 91,000 46.5 26.7 19.8 5.83 180.9 36.39
1952 4,664,000 220,000 125,000 95,000 47.2 26.8 20.4 5.95 180.0 36.52
1953 4,759,000 227,000 128,000 100,000 47.8 26.8 21.0 6.06 179.1 36.73
1954 4,850,000 235,000 130,000 105,000 48.4 26.8 21.5 6.17 178.1 36.89
1955 4,938,000 242,000 133,000 109,000 48.9 26.8 22.0 6.27 177.0 37.12
1956 5,022,000 249,000 136,000 113,000 49.4 26.9 22.5 6.36 175.8 37.28
1957 5,104,000 256,000 138,000 118,000 49.9 26.9 23.0 6.46 174.6 37.50
1958 5,186,000 262,000 140,000 122,000 50.3 26.9 23.5 6.54 173.3 37.70
1959 5,270,000 268,000 142,000 127,000 50.7 26.8 24.0 6.63 171.9 37.97
1960 5,357,000 275,000 143,000 131,000 51.0 26.7 24.4 6.71 170.4 38.21
1961 5,441,000 280,000 150,000 130,000 51.3 27.5 23.8 6.79 168.9 37.27
1962 5,521,000 285,000 151,000 134,000 51.3 27.2 24.1 6.87 167.2 37.54
1963 5,600,000 289,000 152,000 137,000 51.3 26.9 24.4 6.95 165.5 37.82
1964 5,673,000 293,000 152,000 141,000 51.3 26.6 24.7 7.04 163.8 38.13
1965 5,737,000 296,000 151,000 145,000 51.3 26.2 25.1 7.12 161.9 38.50
1966 5,787,000 300,000 151,000 148,000 51.3 25.9 25.4 7.19 160.1 38.76
1967 5,828,000 302,000 151,000 151,000 51.3 25.6 25.7 7.27 158.1 39.09
1968 5,868,000 304,000 149,000 155,000 51.3 25.2 26.2 7.33 156.2 39.48
1969 5,928,000 307,000 148,000 158,000 51.4 24.8 26.5 7.39 154.3 39.83
1970 6,030,000 310,000 148,000 162,000 51.3 24.4 26.9 7.43 152.4 40.19
1971 6,177,000 313,000 148,000 165,000 50.7 23.9 26.8 7.47 150.5 40.55
1972 6,365,000 320,000 149,000 172,000 50.5 23.4 27.0 7.49 148.6 40.91
1973 6,578,000 331,000 151,000 180,000 50.5 23.0 27.5 7.50 146.8 41.27
1974 6,802,000 342,000 153,000 189,000 50.5 22.6 27.9 7.50 145.0 41.65
1975 7,033,000 354,000 161,000 194,000 50.5 22.9 27.6 7.49 144.6 41.19
1976 7,267,000 366,000 166,000 201,000 50.5 22.8 27.7 7.49 143.6 41.16
1977 7,512,000 378,000 169,000 209,000 50.5 22.6 28.0 7.48 142.0 41.44
1978 7,772,000 392,000 172,000 220,000 50.6 22.2 28.4 7.47 140.5 41.83
1979 8,043,000 407,000 176,000 231,000 50.7 21.9 28.8 7.46 139.1 42.18
1980 8,330,000 423,000 180,000 242,000 50.9 21.7 29.2 7.46 137.8 42.45
1981 8,631,000 440,000 185,000 255,000 51.1 21.5 29.6 7.46 136.5 42.77
1982 8,947,000 458,000 190,000 268,000 51.3 21.2 30.1 7.46 135.2 43.05
1983 9,277,000 477,000 203,000 274,000 51.6 22.0 29.6 7.46 136.1 42.09
1984 9,618,000 498,000 209,000 289,000 51.9 21.8 30.1 7.46 135.0 42.35
1985 9,971,000 519,000 215,000 304,000 52.1 21.6 30.6 7.45 134.0 42.65
1986 10,333,000 538,000 221,000 317,000 52.2 21.4 30.8 7.44 133.2 42.84
1987 10,694,000 557,000 245,000 312,000 52.1 22.9 29.2 7.41 136.5 40.92
1988 11,060,000 574,000 247,000 327,000 52.0 22.4 29.6 7.37 135.2 41.55
1989 11,439,000 590,000 253,000 337,000 51.7 22.2 29.5 7.33 134.8 41.77
1990 11,829,000 606,000 260,000 347,000 51.3 22.0 29.4 7.27 134.5 41.89
1991 12,229,000 622,000 250,000 372,000 50.9 20.5 30.5 7.21 131.1 43.81
1992 12,633,000 635,000 273,000 363,000 50.4 21.6 28.7 7.14 134.6 42.21
1993 13,038,000 650,000 279,000 371,000 49.9 21.4 28.5 7.07 131.2 42.10
1994 13,462,000 666,000 274,000 392,000 49.6 20.4 29.2 6.99 129.0 43.42
1995 13,912,000 683,000 262,000 422,000 49.2 18.8 30.4 6.92 128.6 45.85
1996 14,383,000 702,000 268,000 434,000 48.9 18.6 30.2 6.85 127.8 46.03
1997 14,871,000 719,000 273,000 446,000 48.4 18.4 30.0 6.79 126.5 46.31
1998 15,367,000 737,000 293,000 443,000 48.0 19.1 28.9 6.73 127.2 45.06
1999 15,871,000 757,000 296,000 461,000 47.8 18.7 29.1 6.68 123.7 45.39
2000 16,394,000 780,000 299,000 481,000 47.6 18.3 29.4 6.64 122.4 46.02
2001 16,942,000 805,000 301,000 504,000 47.6 17.8 29.8 6.60 118.5 46.59
2002 17,516,000 830,000 302,000 528,000 47.4 17.3 30.2 6.57 116.0 47.39
2003 18,124,000 855,000 286,000 569,000 47.2 15.8 31.4 6.53 110.0 49.62
2004 18,771,000 883,000 284,000 599,000 47.1 15.2 31.9 6.50 105.7 50.59
2005 19,451,000 912,000 282,000 630,000 46.9 14.5 32.4 6.46 101.1 51.57
2006 20,162,000 939,000 281,000 658,000 46.6 13.9 32.7 6.42 96.5 52.37
2007 20,910,000 966,000 274,000 692,000 46.3 13.1 33.2 6.37 91.4 53.64
2008 21,692,000 994,000 270,000 724,000 45.9 12.5 33.4 6.32 86.5 54.63
2009 22,508,000 1,022,000 265,000 758,000 45.5 11.8 33.7 6.26 81.8 55.75
2010 23,364,000 1,049,000 261,000 788,000 45.0 11.2 33.8 6.19 77.2 56.73
2011 24,259,000 1,074,000 257,000 817,000 44.4 10.6 33.7 6.12 73.0 57.60
2012 25,188,000 1,103,000 252,000 851,000 43.9 10.0 33.8 6.04 68.8 58.62
2013 26,147,000 1,130,000 251,000 879,000 43.3 9.6 33.7 5.95 65.2 59.31
2014 27,128,000 1,156,000 249,000 907,000 42.7 9.2 33.5 5.86 62.0 60.04
2015 28,128,000 1,181,000 248,000 933,000 42.0 8.8 33.2 5.77 59.4 60.66
2016 29,155,000 1,205,000 249,000 956,000 41.4 8.6 32.8 5.69 57.0 61.09
2017 30,209,000 1,231,000 249,000 983,000 40.8 8.2 32.6 5.60 54.9 61.68
2018 31,274,000 1,257,000 250,000 1,008,000 40.2 8.0 32.2 5.52 53.0 62.14
2019 32,354,000 1,284,000 253,000 1,032,000 39.7 7.8 31.9 5.44 51.3 62.45
2020 33,428,000 1,313,000 261,000 1,051,000 39.3 7.8 31.5 5.37 49.6 62.26
2021 34,504,000 1,339,000 276,000 1,063,000 38.8 8.0 30.8 5.30 48.1 61.64
2022 35,635,000 1,358,000 253,000 1,105,000 38.1 7.1 31.0 5.21 50.2 61.7
2023 36,750,000 1,381,000 254,000 1,127,000 37.6 6.9 30.7 5.12 48.6 62.1
2024         37.2 6.8 30.3 5.05
2025         36.6 6.8 29.9 4.95

Demographic and Health Surveys

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Total Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted TFR) and Crude Birth Rate (CBR):[12][13]

Year Total Urban Rural
CBRTFR CBRTFR CBRTFR
2006–2007 42.4 5.8 35.0 4.4 50.2 7.7
2011 45.5 6.3 36.5 4.6 51.8 7.7
2014 (census) 5.7 5.2 6.5
2015–16 43.4 6.2 (5.2) 40.6 5.3 (4.4) 48.4 8.2 (7.1)
2023–24 33.7 4.8 (3.9) 29.4 3.8 (2.9) 40.5 6.9 (5.9)

TFR before 1950

[edit]
Years1900190119021903190419051906190719081909[14]
Total Fertility Rate in Angola7.007.007.007.007.007.017.017.017.017.01
Years1910191119121913191419151916191719181919[14]
Total Fertility Rate in Angola7.017.017.017.017.017.017.017.017.017.02
Years1920192119221923192419251926192719281929[14]
Total Fertility Rate in Angola7.027.027.027.027.027.027.027.017.017.00
Years1930193119321933193419351936193719381939[14]
Total Fertility Rate in Angola7.007.006.996.996.996.986.986.976.976.97
Years1940194119421943194419451946194719481949[14]
Total Fertility Rate in Angola6.966.966.966.956.956.946.946.946.936.93
Development of life expectancy

Ethnic groups

[edit]
Ethnic groups of Angola 1970

Roughly 37% of Angolans are Ovimbundu, 25% are Ambundu, 13% are Bakongo, 7% are mestiço, 1-2% are white Africans, and people from other African ethnicities make up 17% of Angola's population. White Angolans are mainly of Portuguese descent.[15]

Romani people were deported to Angola from Portugal during the colonial era.[16][17]

Languages

[edit]

Portuguese is the official language of Angola, but Bantu and other African languages are also widely spoken. In fact, Kikongo, Kimbundu, Umbundu, Tuchokwe, Ganguela, and Ukanyama have the official status of "national languages". The mastery of Portuguese is widespread; in the cities the overwhelming majority are either fluent in Portuguese or have at least a reasonable working knowledge of this language; an increasing minority are native Portuguese speakers and have a poor, if any, knowledge of an African language.

Religion

[edit]

Angola is a majority Christian country. Official statistics do not exist, however it is estimated that over 80% belong to a Christian church or community. More than half are Catholic, the remaining ones comprising members of traditional Protestant churches as well as of Pentecostal communities. Only 0.1% are Muslims - generally immigrants from other African countries. Some insider news says that there is an unofficial ban on Islam in Angola. Traditional indigenous religions are practiced by a very small minority, generally in peripheral rural societies.

References

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  1. ↑ "Resultados Definitivos do Censo 2014 RESULTADOS DEFINITIVOS RECENSEAMENTO GERAL DA POPULAÇÃO HABITAÇÃO" (PDF). aiangola.com. 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 6, 2016.
  2. ↑ "Race relations in Angola". September 26, 2013.
  3. ↑ O País
  4. ↑ "Flight from Angola". The Economist. August 16, 1975. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved July 10, 2017.
  5. ↑ "Angola - The Portuguese Coup d'Etat and the End of the Colonial Era". countrystudies.us. Retrieved July 10, 2017.
  6. ↑ (in Portuguese) Portugueses em Angola quadruplicaram Archived March 11, 2009, at the Wayback Machine, Jornal de Notícias (March 10, 2009)
  7. ↑ "BBC News - Chinese karaoke fans sing Angola's praises". news.bbc.co.uk. October 2, 2010. Retrieved July 18, 2017.
  8. 1 2 3 "Angola". The World Factbook (2022 ed.). Central Intelligence Agency. May 11, 2022.
  9. ↑ "UNSD — Demographic and Social Statistics".
  10. ↑ "UNSD — Demographic and Social Statistics".
  11. ↑ "Population & Demography Data Explorer". Our World in Data. Retrieved July 22, 2022.
  12. ↑ "MEASURE DHS: Demographic and Health Surveys". microdata.worldbank.org. Retrieved July 18, 2017.
  13. ↑ Public Domain One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: "Algeria". The World Factbook (2018 ed.). Central Intelligence Agency. July 12, 2018.
  14. 1 2 3 4 5 Our World in Data. "Children born per woman". Archived from the original on June 30, 2018. Retrieved May 28, 2026.
  15. ↑ "Angola (02/08) - U.S. Department of State".
  16. ↑ REPORT ON ROMA PEOPLE - Romaninet
  17. ↑ Hancock, Ian F. (1987). The Pariah Syndrome. Karoma Publishers. p. 54. ISBN 9780897200790.

Attribution:

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