Ailuropoda
| Panda | |
|---|---|
 | |
| The giant panda, the only extant species in the genus and subfamily | |
 | |
| Ailuropoda fovealis (=A. melanoleuca baconi=[1]) skull | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Carnivora |
| Family: | Ursidae |
| Subfamily: | Ailuropodinae |
| Genus: | Ailuropoda Milne-Edwards, 1870[2][3] |
| Type species | |
| Ursus melanoleucus | |
| Species | |
Ailuropoda is the only extant genus in the ursid (bear) subfamily Ailuropodinae. It contains one living and one or more fossil species of panda.[1][5]
Only one species—Ailuropoda melanoleuca—currently exists; the other three species are prehistoric chronospecies. Despite its taxonomic classification as a carnivoran, the giant panda has a diet that is primarily herbivorous, which consists almost exclusively of bamboo.
Giant pandas have descended from Ailurarctos, which lived during the late Miocene.[5]
Etymology
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From Greek αἴλουρος aílouros "cat" + ‒ποδός ‒podós "foot" (gen. sg.).[citation needed] Unlike most bears, giant pandas do not have round pupils, but instead have vertical slits, similar to those of cats. This has not only inspired the scientific name [citation needed], but in Chinese the giant panda is called "large bear cat" (大熊猫, dà xióngmāo).
Classification
[edit]- †Ailuropoda microta Pei, 1962[6][7] (late Pliocene)
- †Ailuropoda wulingshanensis Wang et al. 1982[8] (late Pliocene–early Pleistocene)
- †Ailuropoda baconi (Woodward 1915)[9] (Pleistocene)
- Ailuropoda melanoleuca (giant panda) (David, 1869)[4]
- Ailuropoda melanoleuca melanoleuca (David, 1869)
- Ailuropoda melanoleuca qinlingensis Wan Q.H., Wu H. & Fang S.G., 2005[10]
Alternatively, Ailuropoda wulingshanensis and Ailuropoda baconi may be treated as subspecies of Ailuropoda melanoleuca.[1]
Other pandas
[edit]The red, or lesser panda (Ailurus fulgens) was formerly considered closely related to the giant panda. It is no longer considered a bear, however, and is now classified as the sole living representative of a different carnivore family (Ailuridae).
References
[edit]- 1 2 3 Hu, Haiqian; Tong, Haowen; Shao, Qingfeng; Wei, Guangbiao; Yu, Haidong; Shi, Jingsong; Wang, Xunqian; Xiong, Can; Lin, Yu; Li, Ning; Wei, Zhaoying; Wang, Ping; Jiangzuo, Qigao (2023). "New remains of Ailuropoda melanoleuca baconi from Yanjinggou, China: Throwing light on the evolution of giant pandas during the Pleistocene". Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 30 (1): 137–154. doi:10.1007/s10914-022-09637-1.
- ↑ Milne-Edwards, Alphonse (1870). "Note sur quelques mammifères du Thibet oriental". Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Zoologie. Ser. 5. 14 (10): 1.
- ↑ Milne-Edwards, Alphonse (1870). "Note sur quelques Mammifères du Thibet oriental". Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des sciences. 70: 341–342.
- 1 2 David, Armand (1869). "Voyage en Chine". Bulletin des Nouvelles Archives du Muséum. 5: 13.
Ursus melanoleucus
- 1 2 Jin, Changzhu; Russell L. Ciochon; Wei Dong; Robert M. Hunt Jr.; Jinyi Liu; Marc Jaeger & Qizhi Zhu (June 19, 2007). "The first skull of the earliest giant panda". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 104 (26): 10932–10937. Bibcode:2007PNAS..10410932J. doi:10.1073/pnas.0704198104. PMC 1904166. PMID 17578912.
- ↑ Pei, Wen-chung (1962). "Guǎngxī liǔchéng jù yuán dòng jí qítā shāndòng de dì sì jì bǔrǔ dòngwù" 广西柳城巨猿洞及其他山洞的第四纪哺乳动物 [Quaternary Mammals from the Liucheng Gigantopithecus Cave and Other Caves of Kwangsi] (PDF). Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 6 (3): 211–218.
- ↑ Pei, Wen-Chung (1963). "Quaternary Mammals From the Liucheng Gigantopithecus Cave and Other Caves of Kwangsi" (PDF). Scientia Sinica. 12 (2): 221–229. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-08-21. Retrieved 2017-07-20.
- ↑ Wang, Linghong; Lin, Yufen; Chan, Shaowu; Yuan, Jiarong (1982). "Húnán shěng xīběi bù xīn fāxiàn de bǔrǔ dòngwù huàshí jí qí yìyì" 湖南省西北部新发现的哺乳动物化石及其意义 [Mammalian Fossils Found in Northwest Part of Hunan Province and Their Significance] (PDF). Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 20 (4): 350–358.
- ↑ Woodward, A. Smith (1915). "On the Skull of an extinct Mammal related to Æluropus from a Cave in the Ruby Mines at Mogok, Burma". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 85 (III): 425–428. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1915.tb07605.x.
- ↑ Wan, Qiu-Hong; Wu, Hua; Fang, Sheng-Guo (2005). "A New Subspecies of Giant Panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) from Shaanxi, China". Journal of Mammalogy. 86 (2): 397–402. doi:10.1644/BRB-226.1. JSTOR 4094359.
