Jump to content

2016 Portuguese presidential election

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

2016 Portuguese presidential election
← 2011
24 January 2016
2021 →
Opinion polls
Turnout48.66% (Increase 2.14pp)
 
Candidate Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa António Sampaio da Nóvoa Marisa Matias
Party PSD
Supported by:
 Independent
Supported by:
 BE
Supported by:
Popular vote 2,413,956 1,062,138 469,814
Percentage 52.00% 22.88% 10.12%
Results by district
President before election

Aníbal Cavaco Silva
PSD

 Elected President

Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa
PSD

A presidential election was held in Portugal on 24 January 2016. The election chose the successor of President Aníbal Cavaco Silva, who was constitutionally not allowed to run for a third consecutive term.

Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa, the candidate supported by Social Democratic Party (PSD), CDS – People's Party (CDS–PP) and People's Monarchist Party (PPM), won the election on the first round with 52% of the vote. Marcelo also won in every single district in the country and only lost a few municipalities in the south of the country. The Socialist Party (PS), for the first time in a Presidential election, did not officially support a candidate, with party members dividing their support for either António Sampaio da Nóvoa or Maria de Belém,[1] which polled 23% and 4%, respectively. The Left Bloc's candidate, Marisa Matias, polled a strong third place, with 10% of the votes, while the communist candidate, Edgar Silva, achieved a very poor result, less than 4% of the votes. One of the big surprises in the election was the result of eccentric candidate Vitorino Silva, polling at 3.3% of the votes, just 30,000 votes behind the communist candidate.[2]

For this election, about 9.7 million voters were registered to cast a ballot by election day.[3] Turnout was higher than that of the 2011 election, but reached a record low in a presidential election with a non incumbent, as only 48.66% of the electorate cast a ballot.[4] Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa was sworn in as President on 9 March 2016.[5]

Background

[edit]

After being re-elected with 53% of the votes in January 2011, Aníbal Cavaco Silva had served two consecutive five-year terms as president, the maximum number, and the 2016 election was to choose a successor for a term beginning on 9 March. In Portugal, the president is the head of state, has mostly ceremonial powers. However, the president does have some political influence and can dissolve Parliament if a crisis occurs.[3][6] The president also has an official residence in the Belém Palace in Lisbon.[6] Cavaco Silva's second term was dominated by the IMF/Eurozone bailout to rescue the country's finances and economy.[7] The complex economic situation forced the head of state to mediate talks between parties on several occasions,[8] one of them in 2013, after a government crisis in which Cavaco proposed a "unity government" between the PSD and PS to resolve the crisis, a proposal that was rejected by the parties.[9][10] The dire economic picture, Cavaco's alignment with the then PSD/CDS–PP government and some controversial positions and gaffes,[11] led to a significant drop in his popularity ratings.[12] For most of his second term, Cavaco Silva coexisted with PSD prime minister Pedro Passos Coelho, with the institutional relationship being a good one,[13] but after the 2015 legislative election, which resulted in relative victory for Passos Coelho's coalition, but with a left-wing majority,[14] the president had to cohabitate with Socialist prime minister António Costa for the last few months of his term.[15] Cavaco Silva nominated Costa as prime minister after the left-wing majority rejected Passos Coelho's second minority government.[16]

Pre-campaign

[edit]

Just like in 2006 and 2011, the Socialist Party had no real strategy for the presidential election,[17] while on the PSD, the almost certain candidacy of Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa created doubts in the party's leadership, with party leader Pedro Passos Coelho expressing that the party's supported candidate could not be a "windmill", which was interpreted as a criticism towards Marcelo, despite a later denial from Passos Coelho.[18][19] After a strong showing in the 2015 legislative election, the Left Bloc hoped to reinforce its position with the candidacy of Marisa Matias[20] while the communists tried to recover from being overtaken by the Left Bloc, but presented a candidate from Madeira, Edgar Silva, with little national recognition.[20]

Electoral system

[edit]

In order to stand for election, candidates must be of Portuguese origin and over 35 years old, gather 7,500 signatures of support one month before the election, and submit them to the Constitutional Court of Portugal.[21]

Under Portuguese law, a candidate must receive a majority of votes (50% plus one vote) to be elected. If no candidate achieved a majority in the first round, a runoff election (i.e., second round, held between the two candidates who received the most votes in the first round) would have been held on February 14.[3][6]

Candidates

[edit]

Official candidates

[edit]

On 29 December 2015 the Constitutional Court certified a record ten candidates as having met the requirements to appear on the ballot. This remained the highest number of candidates in a Presidential ballot in Portuguese democracy until 2026.[3]

Candidate Party support Political office(s) Details Announcement date Ref.
Henrique Neto (79)
None Member of Parliament for Leiria
(1995–1999)		 Socialist Party (PS) member; failed to gain the support of the party. 25 March 2015 [22][23]
Paulo de Morais (52) None Deputy Mayor of Porto
(2002–2005)		 Anti-corruption activist. 18 April 2015 [24][25]
Cândido Ferreira (66)
None None Nephrologist MD; former member of the Socialist Party (PS); former Chair of the Leiria Federation of the Socialist Party (1995–1999). 25 April 2015 [26]
António Sampaio da Nóvoa (61)
  •   Portuguese Workers' Communist Party
  •   LIVRE/Time to Move Forward
 None Former Dean of the University of Lisbon (2006–2013); one of the two candidates endorsed by the Socialist Party (PS). 29 April 2015 [27][28][29]
Jorge Sequeira (66)
None None Psychologist, researcher and university professor. 23 July 2015 [30][31]
Edgar Silva (53) Member of the Legislative Assembly of Madeira
(1996–2024)		 Former Catholic priest; member of the Central Committee of the Portuguese Communist Party (PCP). 8 October 2015 [32][33][34]
Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa (67) Member of the Council of State
(2006–2016)
President of the Social Democratic Party
(1996–1999)
Minister of Parliamentary Affairs
(1982–1983)
Member of the Constituent Assembly
(1975–1976)		 Social Democratic Party (PSD) member; jurist; university professor; political commentator. 9 October 2015 [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44]
Maria de Belém Roseira (66) None President of the Socialist Party
(2011–2014)
President of the Parliamentary Group of the Socialist Party
(2011)
Minister of Equality
(1999–2000)
Minister of Health
(1995–1999)
Other offices
 Member of the Socialist Party (PS); was one of the two candidates endorsed by the party. 13 October 2015 [45][46][47]
Marisa Matias (39) Member of the European Parliament
(2009–2024)		 Left Bloc (BE) member; sociologist, who has worked in the areas of environment and public health. 18 October 2015 [48][49][50]
Vitorino Silva (44)
None President of the Parish Council of Rans
(1994–2002)		 More commonly known as Tino de Rans; paver; former member of the Socialist Party (PS). 23 October 2015 [51][52]

Unsuccessful candidates

[edit]
Official logo of the election.
Ballot paper for the 2016 Portuguese presidential election.

Decided not to run

[edit]

Campaign period

[edit]

Issues

[edit]

During the campaign, Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa acted mostly alone, with no PSD party machine behind him nor campaign posters or rallies.[70] His high popularity and notoriety, after years as a political commentator on television, helped his campaign by presenting himself as a "moderate", someone "to the left of the right",[71] and a break with Cavaco Silva's more distant image, replaced by a more spontaneous and affectionate one on Marcelo's part.[72][73] Initially, the Socialist Party (PS) leadership was inclined to support António Sampaio da Nóvoa, despite internal divisions,[74] however, the announcement of Maria de Belém's candidacy led the party to not support a single candidate, but with the then party leader António Costa appealing for votes for Sampaio da Nóvoa or Maria de Belém.[75] Sampaio da Nóvoa, who also considered withdrawing from the race after the PS' defeat in the 2015 Portuguese legislative election, but later dropped the idea,[74] labeled Marcelo as the "fast food" candidate,[70] while other candidates, such as Paulo Morais and Henrique Neto, raised issues like corruption and the country's lack of strategy.[70]

Candidates' slogans

[edit]
Candidate Original slogan English translation Refs
Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa « Juntos por Portugal » "Together for Portugal" [76]
Sampaio da Nóvoa « Um Cidadão Presidente » "A Citizen President" [77]
Marisa Matias « Uma por todos » "One for all" [78]
Maria de Belém « Belém, a força do caráter » "Belém, the strength of character" [79]
Edgar Silva « Um homem justo para presidente » "A fair man for president" [80]
Vitorino Silva « Portugal com Tino » "Portugal with Tino"[a] [81]
Paulo de Morais « Meter o país em ordem » "Get the country in order" [82]
Henrique Neto « Porque Portugal precisa » "Because Portugal needs" [83]
Jorge Sequeira « Portugal somos nós » "Portugal is us" [84]
Cândido Ferreira « Pelo nosso futuro » "For our future" [85]

Candidates' debates

[edit]

There were several number of debates between all the candidates in the three TV networks RTP, SIC, TVI. There was a radio debate between all candidates plus on January 19, there was a final debate between all of candidates on RTP1.[86]

Completed televised debates:

2016 Portuguese presidential election debates
Date Organizers Moderators  P  Present  NI  Non-invitee  A  Absent invitee Notes
Neto Nóvoa Ferreira Silva Sequeira Vitorino Matias Belém Marcelo Morais
1 January
20:35		 RTP1 José Rodrigues dos Santos NI P NI NI NI NI P NI NI NI
1 January
21:30		 SIC Notícias Anselmo Crespo NI NI NI NI NI NI NI P NI P
1 January
22:00		 TVI24 Paulo Magalhães P NI NI P NI NI NI NI NI NI
1 January
23:30		 TVI24 Paulo Magalhães NI NI NI NI P P NI NI P NI
2 January
20:40		 RTP1 José Rodrigues dos Santos P P NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI
2 January
21:30		 TVI24 Paulo Magalhães NI NI NI NI NI NI P NI NI P
2 January
22:00		 SIC Notícias Anselmo Crespo NI NI NI P NI NI NI P NI NI
3 January
20:40		 RTP1 José Rodrigues dos Santos NI NI NI P NI NI NI NI NI P
3 January
21:30		 SIC Notícias Anselmo Crespo P NI NI NI NI NI NI NI P NI
3 January
22:00		 TVI24 Paulo Magalhães NI NI NI NI NI NI P P NI NI
4 January
10:10		 Antena 1 Maria Flor Pedroso P P P P P P P P P P [87]
4 January
20:40		 RTP1 João Adelino Faria P NI NI NI NI NI NI P NI NI
4 January
21:30		 SIC Notícias Anselmo Crespo NI NI NI NI NI NI P NI P NI
4 January
22:00		 TVI24 Paulo Magalhães NI P NI P NI NI NI NI NI NI
5 January
20:40		 RTP1 João Adelino Faria NI NI NI P NI NI NI P NI NI
5 January
21:30		 SIC Notícias Anselmo Crespo P NI NI NI NI NI P NI NI NI
5 January
22:00		 TVI24 Paulo Magalhães NI P NI NI NI NI NI NI NI P
5 January
23:00		 SIC Notícias Anselmo Crespo NI P A NI P P NI NI NI NI [88]
6 January
20:40		 RTP1 João Adelino Faria NI NI NI P NI NI P NI NI NI
6 January
21:45		 TVI24 Paulo Magalhães NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI P P
6 January
23:30		 SIC Notícias Anselmo Crespo P NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI P
7 January
20:50		 SIC Clara de Sousa NI P NI NI NI NI NI NI P NI
7 January
20:40		 RTP1 João Adelino Faria NI NI A NI P P NI P NI NI [88]
8 January
20:40		 RTP1 João Adelino Faria NI NI NI NI NI NI NI P P NI
9 January
20:45		 TVI Judite de Sousa NI P NI NI NI NI NI P NI NI
19 January
21:00		 RTP1 Carlos Daniel
Vítor Gonçalves		 P P P P P P P A P P [b][89]

Opinion polling

[edit]
00.10.20.30.40.50.60.79/30/201512/6/20151/17/2016Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa (PSD)Maria de BélemAntónio Sampaio da NóvoaHenrique NetoEdgar Silva (PCP)Marisa Matias (BE)Paulo de MoraisCândido FerreiraVitorino SilvaJorge SequeiraOthersOpinion polling for the 2016 Portuguese pres...
View source data.

Campaign budgets

[edit]
Candidate (party) Election
Result		 State Subsidy Political Parties
Contributions		 Fundraising Total Revenue Expenses Debt
Calculated Budgeted Calculated Budgeted
Marcelo R. Sousa (PSD, CDS-PP, PPM) 52.0% €165,489 €90,000 €0 €67,000 €224,409 €157,000 €179,508 €0
Sampaio da Nóvoa (PCTP/MRPP, L/TDA) 22.9% €896,929 €798,000 €0 €84,313 €1,008,321 €968,000 €924,494 €0
Marisa Matias (BE, MAS) 10.1% €290,216 €308,660 €281,000 €146,000 €883,305 €454,660 €601,715 €0
Maria de Belém (I) 4.2% €0 €790,656 €0 €105,970 €94,280 €896,626 €541,897 €447,617
Edgar Silva (PCP, PEV) 3.9% €0 €377,750 €342,250 €30,000 €581,114 €750,000 €750,000 €168,886
Vitorino Silva (I) 3.3% €0 €0 €0 €50,000 €8,172 €50,000 €8,160 €0
Paulo de Morais (I) 2.2% €0 €61,000 €0 €32,000 €23,949 €93,000 €59,539 €35,590
Henrique Neto (I) 0.8% €0 €199,000 €0 €76,000 €67,927 €275,000 €248,772 €180,845
Jorge Sequeira (I) 0.3% €0 €0 €0 €123,500 €6,161 €123,500 €6,041 €0
Cândido Ferreira (I) 0.2% €0 €0 €0 €60,000 €32,633 €60,000 €32,633 €0
Source: Portuguese Constitutional Court (TC)[90]

Voter turnout

[edit]

The table below shows voter turnout throughout election day including voters from Overseas.

Turnout Time
12:00 16:00 19:00
2011 2016 ± 2011 2016 ± 2011 2016 ±
Total 13.39% 15.82% Increase 2.43 pp 35.16% 37.69% Increase 2.53 pp 46.52% 48.66% Increase 2.14 pp
Sources[91][92]

Results

[edit]
Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa delivering his victory speech after being elected President.

National summary

[edit]
CandidatePartyVotes%
Marcelo Rebelo de SousaSocial Democratic Party[c]2,413,95652.00
António Sampaio da NóvoaIndependent[d]1,062,13822.88
Marisa MatiasLeft Bloc[e]469,81410.12
Maria de BelémIndependent[f]196,7654.24
Edgar SilvaPortuguese Communist Party[g]183,0513.94
Vitorino SilvaIndependent152,3743.28
Paulo de MoraisIndependent100,1912.16
Henrique NetoIndependent39,1630.84
Jorge Sequeira [pt]Independent13,9540.30
Cândido Ferreira [pt]Independent10,6090.23
Total4,642,015100.00
Valid votes4,642,01597.84
Invalid votes43,5880.92
Blank votes58,9641.24
Total votes4,744,567100.00
Registered voters/turnout9,751,39848.66
Source: Comissão Nacional de Eleições

Results by district

[edit]
District Marcelo Nóvoa Matias Belém Edgar Silva Vitorino Silva Morais Neto Sequeira Ferreira Turnout
Votes % Votes % Votes % Votes % Votes % Votes % Votes % Votes % Votes % Votes %
  Aveiro 189,380 59.42% 59,149 18.56% 29,392 9.22% 12,996 4.08% 5,029 1.58% 12,296 3.86% 6,372 2.00% 2,397 0.75% 983 0.31% 708 0.22% 49.88%
  Azores 39,811 58.07% 14,768 21.54% 6,073 8.86% 3,041 4.44% 907 1.32% 1,522 2.22% 1,457 2.13% 577 0.84% 212 0.31% 190 0.29% 30.92%
  Beja 18,911 31.71% 18,770 31.47% 6,741 11.30% 3,046 5.11% 9,290 15.58% 1,354 2.27% 724 1.21% 412 0.69% 189 0.32% 209 0.35% 47.37%
  Braga 244,205 58.96% 82,976 20.03% 34,686 8.37% 16,318 3.94% 7,676 1.85% 14,951 3.61% 7,210 1.74% 3,234 0.78% 2,071 0.50% 866 0.21% 53.53%
  Bragança 36,173 61.91% 11,484 19.65% 4,253 7.28% 2,688 4.60% 701 1.20% 1,582 2.71% 783 1.34% 452 0.77% 152 0.26% 161 0.28% 40.46%
  Castelo Branco 44,199 50.14% 22,924 26.01% 9,538 10.62% 4,565 5.18% 2,013 2.28% 2,338 2.65% 1,524 1.73% 737 0.84% 217 0.25% 268 0.30% 50.06%
  Coimbra 94,184 50.19% 43,577 23.22% 26,101 13.91% 8,561 4.56% 4,186 2.23% 4,973 2.65% 3,577 1.91% 1,440 0.77% 362 0.19% 703 0.37% 49.21%
  Évora 27,281 38.61% 21,405 30.30% 7,609 10.77% 2,908 4.12% 8,137 11.52% 1,492 2.11% 1,032 1.46% 421 0.60% 186 0.26% 181 0.26% 51.09%
  Faro 76,560 47.62% 38,311 23.83% 22,155 13.78% 7,071 4.40% 5,710 3.55% 4,290 2.67% 4,767 2.96% 1,144 0.71% 379 0.24% 392 0.24% 44.35%
  Guarda 42,087 58.53% 15,549 21.62% 6,316 8.78% 3,096 4.31% 1,006 1.40% 2,108 2.93% 882 1.23% 482 0.67% 180 0.25% 198 0.28% 45.17%
  Leiria 126,494 61.07% 35,253 17.02% 19,630 9.48% 6,540 3.16% 4,169 2.01% 6,142 2.97% 4,110 1.98% 3,401 1.64% 425 0.21% 966 0.47% 50.18%
  Lisbon 496,372 49.77% 257,593 25.83% 100,125 10.04% 44,743 4.49% 39,919 4.00% 21,302 2.14% 23,444 2.35% 10,207 1.02% 2,062 0.21% 1,517 0.15% 53.63%
  Madeira 58,423 51.35% 12,825 11.27% 11,448 10.06% 3,157 2.78% 22,414 19.70% 1,044 0.92% 2,699 2.37% 884 0.78% 498 0.44% 372 0.33% 45.50%
  Portalegre 20,945 42.88% 14,934 30.57% 4,910 10.05% 2,208 4.52% 3,484 7.13% 1,122 2.30% 582 1.19% 285 0.58% 113 0.23% 261 0.53% 49.46%
  Porto 428,067 51.28% 181,698 21.76% 85,334 10.22% 37,848 4.53% 20,817 2.49% 47,405 5.68% 22,365 2.68% 6,273 0.75% 3,490 0.42% 1,529 0.18% 53.48%
  Santarém 100,119 51.11% 46,150 23.56% 21,080 10.76% 8,722 4.45% 7,976 4.07% 5,873 3.00% 3,652 1.86% 1,346 0.69% 447 0.23% 512 0.26% 51.06%
  Setúbal 135,300 37.89% 106,114 29.71% 46,326 12.97% 15,204 4.26% 33,930 9.50% 8,292 2.32% 8,211 2.30% 2,285 0.64% 843 0.24% 625 0.18% 50.17%
  Viana do Castelo 63,744 57.03% 25,613 22.92% 8,540 7.64% 3,686 3.30% 1,769 1.58% 4,256 3.81% 2,663 2.38% 894 0.80% 328 0.29% 275 0.25% 45.10%
  Vila Real 58,283 62.28% 18,638 19.92% 6,343 6.78% 3,739 4.00% 1,264 1.35% 2,898 3.10% 1,213 1.30% 760 0.81% 213 0.23% 230 0.25% 41.67%
  Viseu 103,394 62.57% 30,993 18.76% 12,002 7.26% 5,974 3.62% 2,608 1.25% 6,705 4.06% 2,282 1.38% 1,117 0.68% 355 0.21% 353 0.21% 45.57%
  Overseas 7,993 57.30% 2,666 19.11% 1,160 8.32% 609 4.37% 544 3.90% 149 1.07% 459 3.29% 234 1.68% 66 0.47% 69 0.49% 4.69%
Source: 2016 Presidential election results

Maps

[edit]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ↑ "Tino" is a diminutive for Vitorino, but the noun "tino" means "prudence" or "discernment"
  2. ↑ Maria de Belém Roseira was invited to the debate, but did not participate because of the death, the day before, of António de Almeida Santos, her supporter in the campaign.
  3. ↑ Also supported by CDS – People's Party and the People's Monarchist Party.
  4. ↑ Supported by the Portuguese Workers' Communist Party and LIVRE.
  5. ↑ Also supported by the Socialist Alternative Movement.
  6. ↑ Even though she is a member of Socialist Party, the party did not officially back any candidate
  7. ↑ Also supported by the Ecologist Party "The Greens".

References

[edit]
  1. ↑ Belém e Nóvoa partem o PS em dois. Saiba quem apoia quem, Renascença, 20 January 2016. Retrieved 19 January 2025.
  2. ↑ "Vitorino Silva, a surpresa que veio de Rans". Público (in Portuguese). 25 January 2016. Retrieved 28 August 2026.
  3. 1 2 3 4 10 candidates to run in Portugal's presidential election Archived 2016-02-06 at the Wayback Machine, Associated Press (December 30, 2015).
  4. ↑ Abstenção de 51,16% é a maior em eleições para primeiro mandato na presidência , Público (January 25, 2016).
  5. ↑ "Tomada de posse de Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa". RTP Arquivos (in Portuguese). 9 March 2016. Retrieved 18 February 2026.
  6. 1 2 3 Portugal presidential election likely to go into runoff, Deutsche Welle (January 21, 2016).
  7. ↑ "Cavaco termina "carreira política histórica" com dois mandatos distintos". RTP (in Portuguese). 6 March 2016. Retrieved 26 August 2026.
  8. ↑ "Cavaco considera 'ultrapassada' hipótese de crise política". SOL (in Portuguese). 21 September 2012. Retrieved 26 August 2026.
  9. ↑ "Cavaco exige acordo tripartido e eleições em Junho de 2014". Público (in Portuguese). 10 July 2013. Retrieved 26 August 2026.
  10. ↑ "Cavaco defende que "a melhor solução é a continuação do Governo"". Público (in Portuguese). 21 July 2013. Retrieved 26 August 2026.
  11. ↑ "Cavaco diz que as reformas dele não chegarão para pagar despesas". Público (in Portuguese). 20 January 2012. Retrieved 27 August 2026.
  12. ↑ "Porque foi tão impopular o Presidente Cavaco Silva?". Jornal de Negócios (in Portuguese). 8 March 2016. Retrieved 26 August 2026.
  13. ↑ "Passos e as revelações de Cavaco: "Estou a escrever sobre os mesmos factos", o ex-Presidente "não diz tudo"". Expresso (in Portuguese). 24 October 2018. Retrieved 26 August 2026.
  14. ↑ "Portugal centre-right wins re-election despite bailout". BBC News. 5 October 2015. Retrieved 26 August 2026.
  15. ↑ "10 temas quentes para 4 meses de coabitação entre Costa e Cavaco". Observador (in Portuguese). 23 November 2015. Retrieved 26 August 2026.
  16. ↑ "Cavaco nomeia Costa como primeiro-ministro". Público (in Portuguese). 24 November 2015. Retrieved 26 August 2026.
  17. ↑ ""Falta de estratégia" ou "confusão": a adaptação do PS às presidenciais". Diário de Notícias (in Portuguese). 9 February 2025. Retrieved 26 August 2026.
  18. ↑ "Passos recusa candidato "catavento" como Marcelo". Notícias ao Minuto (in Portuguese). 19 January 2014. Retrieved 26 August 2026.
  19. ↑ "Passos Coelho nega ter chamado catavento a Marcelo". Público (in Portuguese). 13 January 2016. Retrieved 26 August 2026.
  20. 1 2 "Vencedores e vencidos". Público (in Portuguese). 25 January 2016. Retrieved 26 August 2026.
  21. ↑ "Presidente da República". Diário da República. Retrieved 18 December 2024.
  22. ↑ Henrique Neto recolhe mais de 7900 assinaturas TSF, 11 December 2015. Retrieved 11 December 2015
  23. ↑ Henrique Neto candidata-se a Belém com soluções à esquerda e à direita Archived 2015-03-27 at the Wayback Machine, Jornal i, 25 March 2015. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  24. ↑ Mais um candidato a Belém. Agora é Paulo Morais, Observador, 9 April 2015. Retrieved 9 April.
  25. ↑ "Paulo Morais, o primeiro candidato oficial". Archived from the original on 2016-03-14. Retrieved 2018-07-29.
  26. ↑ Médico Cândido Ferreira apresenta candidatura a 25 de abril em Cantanhede
  27. ↑ Sampaio da Nóvoa. O novo ídolo da esquerda, Jornal_i, 15 September 2013. Retrieved 22 June 2014.
  28. ↑ "Sampaio da Nóvoa avança oficialmente a 29 de abril - Visao.pt". visao.sapo.pt. Archived from the original on 2015-04-19.
  29. ↑ Candidato presidencial Sampaio da Nóvoa “praticamente seguro” de segunda volta, Observador, 22 December 2015. Retrieved 22 December 2015.
  30. ↑ Jorge Sequeira apresenta assinaturas e quer Portugal sem "partidocracia" Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine, Porto Canal, 22 December 2015. Retrieved 22 December 2015.
  31. ↑ Renascença (2015-10-08). "Presidenciais. Treze candidatos a candidatos e três em reflexão - Renascença". Rádio Renascença (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 2025-06-17.
  32. ↑ Edgar Silva formaliza candidatura à Presidência e garante não ter “amarras”, Público, 7 December 2015. Retrieved 14 December 2015.
  33. ↑ PCP já tem candidato às presidenciais. Saiba quem é o padre Edgar Silva, Diário Económico, 8 October 2015. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  34. ↑ Tudo o que precisa de saber sobre as eleições presidenciais, Expresso, 24 January 2016. Retrieved 29 July 2025.
  35. ↑ Passos e Portas formalizam apoio a Marcelo, Observador, 10 de Novembro de 2015. Vista em10 de Novembro de 2015.
  36. ↑ Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa admite candidatura às presidenciais de 2016, SIC Notícias, 27 de Outubro de 2013. Vista em 24 de Agosto de 2014.
  37. ↑ PSD começa a acreditar que Marcelo é candidato Archived 2016-02-25 at the Wayback Machine, SOL, 5 de Abril de 2015. Vista em 5 de Abril de 2015.
  38. ↑ Marcelo já decidiu avançar Archived 2015-12-20 at the Wayback Machine, SOL, 21 de Agosto de 2015. Vista em 21 de Agosto de 2015.
  39. ↑ Belém: Caminho mais aberto para Marcelo, Observador, 29 de Agosto de 2015. Vista em 29 de Agosto de 2015.
  40. ↑ Passos Coelho não afasta apoio nas presidenciais. Marcelo sorri, Observador, 5 de Setembro de 2015. Vista em 5 de Setembro de 2015.
  41. ↑ Marcelo aproxima-se de Passos. “Tem de ser”, Expresso, 20 de Setembro de 2015. Vista em 20 de Setembro de 2015.
  42. ↑ Marcelo: “Estou mais bem situado” que Rui Rio para as presidenciais, Observador, 2 de Outubro de 2015. Vista em 3 de Outubro de 2015.
  43. ↑ Presidenciais: Marcelo já tomou a decisão e tudo indica que avança, Público, 5 de Outubro de 2015. Vista em 6 de Outubro de 2015.
  44. ↑ Marcelo apresenta candidatura hoje às 18h00, Observador, 9 de Outubro de 2015. Vista em 9 de Outubro de 2015.
  45. ↑ Maria de Belém entrega assinaturas no Tribunal Constitucional e diz confiar na vitória , RTP Notícias, 22 December 2015. Retrieved 22 December 2015.
  46. ↑ Oficial: Maria de Belém comunicou a Costa que será candidata à Presidência, Observador, 17 August 2015. Retrieved 17 August 2015.
  47. ↑ Lusa (2015-10-07). "Maria de Belém apresenta candidatura presidencial a 13 de Outubro". PÚBLICO (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2025-06-17.
  48. ↑ Marisa Matias formaliza candidatura a Presidente da República, Esquerda.net, 17 December 2015. Retrieved 22 December 2015.
  49. ↑ Marisa Matias é candidata à Presidência da República, Esquerda.net, 18 de Outubro de 2015.
  50. ↑ Contra a austeridade, votar Marisa Matias nas Presidenciais e exigir que o Governo devolva o que a direita roubou
  51. ↑ Tino de Rans é candidato e tem 8.118 apoiantes, Diário de Notícias, 23 December 2015. Retrieved 29 December 2015.
  52. ↑ Portugal, Rádio e Televisão de (2015-10-23). "Tino de Rans, a "candidatura da plebe" à Presidência da República". Tino de Rans, a "candidatura da plebe" à Presidência da República (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2025-06-17.
  53. ↑ Candidato Vieira - Página Oficial
  54. ↑ Pronto para a rentrée? Responda ao quiz da silly season, Observador, 13 August 2015. Retrieved 18 August 2015.
  55. ↑ (26 November 2015) "Paulo Freitas do Amaral desiste da candidatura presidencial" TVI 24. Retrieved 26 November 2015.
  56. ↑ (14 December 2016) Orlando Cruz e António Araújo da Silva desistem da corrida a Belém Observador. Retrieved 14 December 2016.
  57. ↑ "Graça Castanho desiste de candidatura por assinaturas terem sido levadas pelo vento". 15 December 2015.
  58. ↑ (21 December 2015) Castanheira Barros desiste da cirrida a Belém Correio da Manhã. Retrieved 22 December 2015.
  59. ↑ (23 December 2015) Manuela Gonzaga desiste de candidatura à Presidência. "Não vale a pena inventar desculpas" Expresso. Retrieved 25 December 2015.
  60. ↑ Presidenciais Nobre a caminho de Belém? "Sou um putativo candidato", Notícias_ao_Minuto, 14 February 2014. Retrieved 22 June 2014.
  61. ↑ (7 February 2015) "PS vira-se para Vitorino, mas não confirma desistência de Guterres", Publico. Retrieved 8 February 2015.
  62. ↑ "António Capucho está disponível para disputar a Presidência da República". www.jornaldenegocios.pt (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 2026-02-12.
  63. ↑ (9 January 2014) Pires de Lima: "Paulo Portas é um bom candidato a Presidente da República", Dinheiro_Vivo. Retrieved 22 June 2014.
  64. ↑ (19 February 2015) "Manuela Ferreira Leite não afasta candidatura a Belém" Público. Retrieved 22 February 2015.
  65. ↑ António Guterres diz que não é candidato a ser candidato às presidenciais de 2016, Observador, 10 April 2015. Retrieved 08 August 2015.
  66. ↑ Carvalho da Silva quebra silêncio e diz que não é candidato às presidenciais, Diário Económico, 08 May 2015. Retrieved 08 August 2015.
  67. ↑ Santana Lopes anuncia que não é candidato a Belém Archived 2018-07-03 at the Wayback Machine, Expresso, 27 August 2015. Retrieved 27 August 2015.
  68. ↑ Rio desiste da candidatura a Belém , Expresso, 15 October 2015. Retrieved 15 October 2015.
  69. ↑ Jardim não se candidata a Belém e apoia Marcelo, SOL, 15 October 2015. Retrieved 15 October 2015.
  70. 1 2 3 "Marcelo ensaiou com `selfies` a presidência dos "afetos"". RTP (in Portuguese). 29 December 2025. Retrieved 9 July 2026.
  71. ↑ "Marcelo invade o centro: "Eu sou a esquerda da direita"". Expresso (in Portuguese). 11 January 2016. Retrieved 9 July 2026.
  72. ↑ "Os desafios do Presidente anti-Cavaco". Expresso (in Portuguese). 8 March 2016. Retrieved 27 August 2026.
  73. ↑ "Do contido Cavaco ao afetuoso Marcelo, a presidência mudou em 2016, e o país com ela". Sapo (in Portuguese). 12 December 2016. Retrieved 27 August 2026.
  74. 1 2 "Apoio de Costa fez Nóvoa manter candidatura". Público (in Portuguese). 16 October 2015. Retrieved 10 July 2026.
  75. ↑ "Costa apela à mobilização dos socialistas por Sampaio da Nóvoa ou Maria de Belém". Expresso (in Portuguese). 9 January 2016. Retrieved 9 July 2026.
  76. ↑ "ELEIÇÕES PRESIDENCIAIS DE 2016 – CANDIDATURA DE MARCELO REBELO DE SOUSA". EPHEMERA (in Portuguese). Retrieved 11 May 2020.
  77. ↑ "ELEIÇÕES PRESIDENCIAIS DE 2016 – CANDIDATURA DE SAMPAIO DA NÓVOA". EPHEMERA (in Portuguese). Retrieved 11 May 2020.
  78. ↑ "ELEIÇÕES PRESIDENCIAIS DE 2016 – CANDIDATURA DE MARISA MATIAS". EPHEMERA (in Portuguese). Retrieved 11 May 2020.
  79. ↑ "ELEIÇÕES PRESIDENCIAIS DE 2016 – CANDIDATURA DE MARIA DE BELÉM". EPHEMERA (in Portuguese). Retrieved 11 May 2020.
  80. ↑ "ELEIÇÕES PRESIDENCIAIS DE 2016 – CANDIDATURA DE EDGAR SILVA". EPHEMERA (in Portuguese). Retrieved 11 May 2020.
  81. ↑ "ELEIÇÕES PRESIDENCIAIS DE 2016 – VITORINO SILVA (TINO DE RANS)". EPHEMERA (in Portuguese). Retrieved 11 May 2020.
  82. ↑ "ELEIÇÕES PRESIDENCIAIS DE 2016 – PAULO DE MORAIS". EPHEMERA (in Portuguese). Retrieved 11 May 2020.
  83. ↑ "ELEIÇÕES PRESIDENCIAIS DE 2016 – CANDIDATURA DE HENRIQUE NETO". EPHEMERA (in Portuguese). Retrieved 11 May 2020.
  84. ↑ "ELEIÇÕES PRESIDENCIAIS DE 2016 – CANDIDATURA DE JORGE SEQUEIRA". EPHEMERA (in Portuguese). Retrieved 11 May 2020.
  85. ↑ "ELEIÇÕES PRESIDENCIAIS DE 2016 – CANDIDATURA DE CÂNDIDO FERREIRA". EPHEMERA (in Portuguese). Retrieved 11 May 2020.
  86. ↑ Maria de Belém e Sampaio da Nóvoa enfrentam-se a 9 de janeiro. Todas as datas dos debates presidenciais, Observador, 21 December 2015. Retrieved 22 December 2015.
  87. ↑ Rádio Debate
  88. 1 2 Cândido Ferreira was invited but didn't attend the debate.
  89. ↑ Maria de Belém suspende campanha e também não vai ao debate a 10 na RTP, Rádio Renascença, 19 January 2016. Retrieved 19 January 2016.
  90. ↑ Campaign Budgets for the 2016 Presidential election, Portuguese Constitutional Court, retrieved 4 October 2025.
  91. ↑ "Presidenciais 2016 - Afluência". eleicoes.mai.gov.pt/presidenciais2016/index.html (in Portuguese). Ministry of Internal Administration. Retrieved 9 June 2023.
  92. ↑ "Presidenciais 2011 - Afluência". eleicoes.mai.gov.pt/presidenciais2011/index.html (in Portuguese). Ministry of Internal Administration. Retrieved 9 June 2023.
[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2016_Portuguese_presidential_election&oldid=1376030827"