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1868–69 United States House of Representatives elections

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1868–69 United States House of Representatives elections
← 1866 & 1867
June 1, 1868 – August 2, 1869[a][b]
1870 & 1871 →
All 243[c] seats in the United States House of Representatives
122 seats needed for a majority
  Majority party Minority party
 
Leader James Blaine Michael Kerr
Party Republican Democratic
Leader's seat Maine 3rd Indiana 3rd
Last election 175 seats 47 seats
Seats won 171 67
Seat change Decrease 4 Increase 20
Popular vote 3,050,307 2,598,042
Percentage 51.81% 44.13%
Swing Decrease 3.55pp Increase 3.44pp
  Third party Fourth party
 
Party Conservative Independent
Last election 2 seats 2 seats
Seats won 5 0
Seat change Increase 3 Decrease 2
Popular vote 187,553 58,332
Percentage 3.19% 0.99%
Swing Increase 1.19pp Decrease 0.77pp
Results of the 1868–69 U.S. House of Representatives elections. Shades of red indicate seats won by the Republican Party; shades of blue indicate seats won by the Democratic Party; shades of orange indicate seats won by the Conservative Party.
Speaker before election

Theodore M. Pomeroy
Republican

 Elected Speaker

James Blaine
Republican

The 1868–69 United States House of Representatives elections were held on various dates in various states between June 1, 1868, to August 2, 1869. Each state set its own date for its elections to the House of Representatives before or after the first session of the 41st United States Congress convened on March 4, 1869. They coincided with the 1868 United States presidential election, which was won by Ulysses S. Grant. Elections were held for all 243 seats, representing 37 states. All of the former Confederate states were represented in Congress for the first time since they seceded from the Union.

The Democrats gained 20 seats, but Grant's Republican Party retained a commanding majority in the Reconstruction era following the American Civil War, holding onto a firm legitimacy through an association with victory. As more Southern states exited Reconstruction, more Democratic seats appeared in the South. However, Democratic gains in the South were limited, as the Republican powerbrokers of Reconstruction held a great deal of influence. The small Conservative Party of Virginia also picked up several seats in Virginia, as it had support among wealthy Southern leaders who wanted to increase the region's power.

Election summary

[edit]

Mississippi, Texas, and Virginia were readmitted during this Congress, leaving Congress without vacant State delegations for the first time since 1860. Georgia had been partially readmitted in the previous Congress, but was not initially admitted to the 41st Congress. With Georgia's final readmission in 1870, all former Confederate states were once more represented in Congress.

↓
67 5 171
Democratic [d] Republican
State Type Total
seats		 Democratic Conservative Republican
Seats Change Seats Change Seats Change
Alabama[e] District 6 2 Increase 2 0 Steady 4 Decrease 2
Arkansas District 3 1 Increase 1 0 Steady 2 Decrease 1
California District 3 2 Steady 0 Steady 1 Steady
Connecticut[e] District 4 1 Decrease 2 0 Steady 3 Increase 2
Delaware At-large 1 1 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady
Florida[f] At-large 1 0 Steady 0 Steady 1 Steady
Georgia[g] District 7[h] 4 Increase 2 0 Steady 3 Decrease 1
Illinois District
+ 1 at-large		 14 4 Increase 1 0 Steady 10 Decrease 1
Indiana[f] District 11 4 Increase 1 0 Steady 7 Decrease 1
Iowa[f] District 6 0 Steady 0 Steady 6 Steady
Kansas At-large 1 0 Steady 0 Steady 1 Steady
Kentucky District 9[h] 9 Increase 2 0 Steady 0 Decrease 1
Louisiana District 5 0 Decrease 1 0 Steady 5 Increase 1
Maine[f] District 5 0 Steady 0 Steady 5 Steady
Maryland District 5 5 Increase 2 0 Decrease 1 0 Decrease 1
Massachusetts District 10 0 Steady 0 Steady 10 Steady
Michigan District 6 0 Steady 0 Steady 6 Steady
Minnesota District 2 1 Increase 1 0 Steady 1 Decrease 1
Mississippi[g] District 5 0 Steady 0 Steady 5 Increase 5
Missouri District 9 2 Increase 1 0 Steady 7 Decrease 1
Nebraska[f] At-large 1 0 Steady 0 Steady 1 Steady
Nevada At-large 1 0 Steady 0 Steady 1 Steady
New Hampshire[e] District 3 0 Steady 0 Steady 3 Steady
New Jersey District 5 3 Increase 1 0 Steady 2 Decrease 1
New York District 31 12 Increase 2 0 Steady 19 Decrease 2
North Carolina District 7 1 Increase 1 0 Decrease 1 6 Steady
Ohio[f] District 19 6 Increase 3 0 Steady 13 Decrease 3
Oregon[f] At-large 1 1 Increase 1 0 Steady 0 Decrease 1
Pennsylvania[f] District 24 6 Steady 0 Steady 18 Steady
Rhode Island District 2 0 Steady 0 Steady 2 Steady
South Carolina District 4 0 Steady 0 Steady 4 Steady
Tennessee District 8 0 Steady 0 Steady 8 Steady
Texas[g] District 4 1 Increase 1 0 Steady 3 Increase 3
Vermont[f] District 3 0 Steady 0 Steady 3 Steady
Virginia[g] District 8 0 Steady 5 Increase 5 3 Increase 3
West Virginia[f] District 3 0 Steady 0 Steady 3 Steady
Wisconsin District 6 1 Steady 0 Steady 5 Steady
Total[c] 243 67
27.6%		 Increase 22 5
2.1%		 Increase 3 171
70.4%		 Decrease 6
Results shaded according to winning candidate's share of vote
Popular vote
Republican
 
 51.81%
Democratic
 
 44.13%
Conservative
 
 3.19%
Independent
 
 0.99%
Others
 
 0.00%
House seats
Republican
 
 70.08%
Democratic
 
 27.46%
Conservative
 
 2.46%

Election dates

[edit]

Mississippi held rejected elections on July 1, 1868. New (accepted) elections were held December 1, 1869.

In 1845, Congress passed a law providing for a uniform nationwide date for choosing presidential electors. This law did not affect election dates for Congress, which remained within the jurisdiction of State governments, but over time, the States moved their congressional elections to that date. 1868 was the first year in which the majority of States (20 of 37) held their elections on that date. There were still 9 states which held elections before that date and 4 that held regular elections after that date, in addition to 4 readmitted states that held elections after that date.

Special elections

[edit]

There were special elections in 1868 and 1869 to the 40th United States Congress and 41st United States Congress.

Special elections are sorted by date then district.

40th Congress

[edit]

Readmission of state are treated here as regular (late) elections, not special elections.

District Incumbent This race
Representative Party First elected Results Candidates
Ohio 8 Cornelius S. Hamilton Republican 1866 Incumbent died December 22, 1867.
New member elected January 27, 1868.
Republican hold.
Winner was later re-elected to the next term; see below.
Pennsylvania 9 Thaddeus Stevens Republican 1848 Incumbent died August 11, 1868.
New member elected October 13, 1868.
Republican hold.
Winner was also elected to the next term; see below.
Pennsylvania 20 Darwin A. Finney Republican 1866 Incumbent died August 25, 1868.
New member elected October 13, 1868.
Republican hold.
Winner was not a candidate for the next term; see below.
Missouri 5 Joseph W. McClurg Republican 1862 Incumbent resigned in July 1868.
New member elected November 3, 1868.
Republican hold.
Winner was not a candidate for the next term; see below.
Arkansas 2 James M. Hinds Republican 1868 Incumbent died October 22, 1868.
New member elected on an unknown date.
Republican hold.
Winner was not elected to the next term; see below.

41st Congress

[edit]

Readmission of state are treated here as regular (late) elections, not special elections.

District Incumbent This race
Representative Party First elected Results Candidates
Massachusetts 7 George S. Boutwell Republican 1862 Incumbent resigned March 12, 1869, after being appointed Secretary of the Treasury.
New member elected November 2, 1869.
Republican hold.
Illinois 3 Elihu B. Washburne Republican 1852 Incumbent resigned March 6, 1869, to become U.S. Secretary of State.
New member elected December 6, 1869.
Republican hold.

Alabama

[edit]

1868 elections to finish the term

[edit]
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[7]
Alabama 1 None State readmitted.
Republican gain.
Alabama 2 None State readmitted.
Republican gain.
Alabama 3 None State readmitted.
Republican gain.
Alabama 4 None State readmitted.
Republican gain.
Alabama 5 None State readmitted.
Republican gain.
Alabama 6 None State readmitted.
Republican gain.
  • ▌Green tickY Thomas Haughey (Republican) 44.1%
  • ▌ [FNU] McCauley (Republican) 23.7%
  • ▌ [FNU] Cramer (Republican) 16.8%
  • ▌ [FNU] Snelling (Republican) 13.6%

[8]

1869 elections to the next term

[edit]
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[9]
Alabama 1 Francis William Kellogg Republican 1868 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
Alabama 2 Charles W. Buckley Republican 1868 Incumbent re-elected.
Alabama 3 Benjamin White Norris Republican 1868 Incumbent lost renomination.
Republican hold.
Alabama 4 Charles Wilson Pierce Republican 1868 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Charles Hays (Republican) 71.5%
  • ▌ John B. Reed (Democratic) 20.2%
  • ▌ C. W. Dunstan (Independent) 8.3%
Alabama 5 John Benton Callis Republican 1868 Incumbent retired.
Democratic gain.
  • ▌Green tickY Peter M. Dox (Democratic) 55.1%
  • ▌ W. J. Haralson (Republican) 44.9%
Alabama 6 Thomas Haughey Republican 1868 Incumbent lost renomination and lost re-election as an Independent Republican candidate.
Democratic gain.

[8]

Arkansas

[edit]
District Incumbent This race
Representative Party First elected Results Candidates[8]
Arkansas 1 None State readmitted.
Republican gain.
Arkansas 2 None State readmitted.
Democratic gain.
Arkansas 3 None State readmitted.
Republican gain.

California

[edit]
California elections
← 1867
November 3, 1868
1871 →
All 3 seats
  Majority party Minority party
 
Party Democratic Republican
Last election 2 1
Seats won 2 1
Seat change Steady Steady
Popular vote 54,548 53,873
Percentage 50.3% 49.7%
  Democratic hold
  Republican hold

California's delegation remained at two Democrats and one Republican.

District Incumbent This race
Representative Party First elected Results Candidates
California 1 Samuel Beach Axtell Democratic 1867 Incumbent re-elected.
California 2 William Higby Republican 1863 Incumbent lost renomination.
Republican hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Aaron A. Sargent (Republican) 54.7%
  • ▌James W. Coffroth (Democratic) 45.3%
California 3 James A. Johnson Democratic 1867 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY James A. Johnson (Democratic) 50.4%
  • ▌Chancellor Hartson (Republican) 49.6%

Colorado Territory

[edit]

See non-voting delegates, below.

Dakota Territory

[edit]

See non-voting delegates, below.

Connecticut

[edit]
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[10]
Connecticut 1 Richard D. Hubbard Democratic 1867 Incumbent retired.
Republican gain.
Connecticut 2 Julius Hotchkiss Democratic 1867 Incumbent retired.
Republican gain.
Connecticut 3 Henry H. Starkweather Republican 1867 Incumbent re-elected.
Connecticut 4 William Barnum Democratic 1867 Incumbent re-elected.

Delaware

[edit]
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Delaware at-large John A. Nicholson Democratic 1864 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.

Florida

[edit]
United States House of Representatives elections in Florida, 1868[11]
← 1865
May 5, 1868 and
December 29, 1868
1870 →
Florida's single seat in the U.S. House of Representatives
  Majority party Minority party Third party
 
Party Republican Democratic Independent
Seats won 1 0 0
Popular vote 14,108 7,915 2,276
Percentage 58.1% 32.6% 9.4%

Florida had been unrepresented in Congress since January 21, 1861, when its sole member and both senators withdrew from Congress following the secession of Florida from the Union. Following the end of the Civil War, an election had been held in 1865, but it was rejected by Congress. In 1868, Congress readmitted Florida following Reconstruction.

Election to the current term

[edit]

The first election, for the duration of the 40th congress, was held May 5, 1868.[12]

District Incumbent This race
Representative Party First elected Results Candidates
Florida at-large None State readmitted.
New member elected May 5, 1868 to finish the term and seated July 1, 1868.
Republican gain.[13]
Winner was later re-elected to the next term.

Hamilton was seated on July 1, 1868,[13] during the 2nd session of the 40th Congress.

Election to the next term

[edit]

Florida elected its one at-large member on December 29, 1868, re-electing Hamilton, who had just been elected in May to finish the current term.[14]

District Incumbent This race
Representative Party First elected Results Candidates
Florida at-large Charles M. Hamilton Republican 1868[i] Re-elected

Georgia

[edit]

Despite not being formally readmitted, members were elected on April 20, 1868, to fill the vacant seats for the remainder of the 40th congress. However, these members were not permitted to qualify for the 41st congress under the same election and all seats were thus vacant during the 41st congress. Georgia was formally readmitted on July 15, 1870.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[15]
Georgia 1 None State partially readmitted.
Republican gain.
  • ▌Green tickY Joseph W. Clift (Republican) 59.6%
  • ▌ Henry S. Fitch (Democratic) 40.4%
Georgia 2 None State partially readmitted.
Democratic gain.
Georgia 3 None State partially readmitted.
Republican gain.
Georgia 4 None State partially readmitted.
Republican gain.
  • ▌Green tickY Samuel F. Gove (Republican) 50.4%
  • ▌ Osborne A. Lochrane (Democratic) 49.6%
Georgia 5 None State partially readmitted.
Republican gain.
Georgia 6 None State partially readmitted.
Vacant.
Elected member not permitted to qualify.
  • ▌Green tickY John H. Christy (Democratic) 51.3%
  • ▌ John A. Wimpey (Republican) 48.7%
Georgia 7 None State partially readmitted.
Democratic gain.

[8]

Idaho Territory

[edit]

See non-voting delegates, below.

Illinois

[edit]
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[16]
Illinois 1 Norman B. Judd Republican 1866 Incumbent re-elected.
Illinois 2 John F. Farnsworth Republican 1862 Incumbent re-elected.
Illinois 3 Elihu B. Washburne Republican 1852 Incumbent re-elected.
Illinois 4 Abner C. Harding Republican 1864 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
Illinois 5 Ebon C. Ingersoll Republican 1864 Incumbent re-elected.
Illinois 6 Burton C. Cook Republican 1864 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Burton C. Cook (Republican) 62.1%
  • ▌ Oliver C. Gray (Democratic) 37.9%
Illinois 7 Henry P. H. Bromwell Republican 1864 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Jesse H. Moore (Republican) 56.5%
  • ▌ Thomas Brewer (Democratic) 43.5%
Illinois 8 Shelby M. Cullom Republican 1864 Incumbent re-elected.
Illinois 9 Lewis Winans Ross Democratic 1862 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
Illinois 10 Albert G. Burr Democratic 1866 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Albert G. Burr (Democratic ) 55.2%
  • ▌ Iona B. Turner (Republican) 44.8%
Illinois 11 Samuel S. Marshall Democratic 1864 Incumbent re-elected.
Illinois 12 Jehu Baker Republican 1864 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
  • ▌Green tickY John B. Hay (Republican) 52.9%
  • ▌ William M. Snyder (Democratic) 47.1%
Illinois 13 Green B. Raum Republican 1866 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Illinois at-large John A. Logan Republican 1866 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY John A. Logan (Republican) 55.5%
  • ▌ William W. O'Brien (Democratic) 44.5%

[8]

Indiana

[edit]
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[17]
Indiana 1 William E. Niblack Democratic 1864 Incumbent re-elected.
Indiana 2 Michael C. Kerr Democratic 1864 Incumbent re-elected.
Indiana 3 William S. Holman
Redistricted from the 4th district.		 Democratic 1866 Incumbent re-elected.
Indiana 4 George W. Julian
Redistricted from the 5th district.		 Republican 1860 Incumbent re-elected.
Indiana 5 John Coburn
Redistricted from the 6th district.		 Republican 1866 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY John Coburn (Republican) 51.7%
  • ▌ John W. Keightley (Democratic) 48.3%
Indiana 6 Morton C. Hunter
Redistricted from the 3rd district.		 Republican 1866 Incumbent retired.
Democratic gain.
Henry D. Washburn
Redistricted from the 7th district.		 Republican 1864 Incumbent retired
Republican Loss.
Indiana 7 Godlove S. Orth
Redistricted from the 8th district.		 Republican 1862 Incumbent re-elected.
Indiana 8 None (new district) New district.
Republican gain.
Elected member resigned his seat before the beginning of the term due to his election as a senator.
Indiana 9 John P. C. Shanks
Redistricted from the 11th district.		 Republican 1866 Incumbent re-elected.
Indiana 10 William Williams Republican 1866 Incumbent re-elected.
Indiana 11 Schuyler Colfax
Redistricted from the 9th district.		 Republican 1854 Incumbent retired to run for vice president.
Republican hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Jasper Packard (Republican) 52.1%
  • ▌ Mulford K. Farrand (Democratic) 48.0%

[8]

Iowa

[edit]
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[18]
Iowa 1 James F. Wilson Republican 1861 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
Iowa 2 Hiram Price Republican 1862 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
Iowa 3 William B. Allison Republican 1862 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY William B. Allison (Republican) 58.5%
  • ▌ William Mills (Democratic) 41.1%
  • ▌ T. D. Thomas (Independent) 0.4%
Iowa 4 William Loughridge Republican 1866 Incumbent re-elected.
Iowa 5 Grenville M. Dodge Republican 1866 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
Iowa 6 Asahel W. Hubbard Republican 1862 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Charles Pomeroy (Republican) 72.8%
  • ▌ G. A. L. Roszell (Democratic) 27.2%

[8]

Kansas

[edit]
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[19]
Kansas at-large Sidney Clarke Republican 1864 Incumbent re-elected.

[8]

Kentucky

[edit]
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[20]
Kentucky 1 Lawrence S. Trimble Democratic 1865 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Lawrence S. Trimble (Democratic) 87.0%
  • ▌ Charles A. Marshall (Republican) 11.1%
  • ▌ [FNU] Johnson (Independent ) 1.9%
Kentucky 2 Vacant.
Congress refused to seat John Y. Brown and the seat remained vacant for the term.		 New member elected.
Democratic gain.
Kentucky 3 Jacob Golladay Democratic 1867 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Jacob Golladay (Democratic) 80.4%
  • ▌ William E. Hobson (Republican) 19.6%
Kentucky 4 J. Proctor Knott Democratic 1867 Incumbent re-elected.
Kentucky 5 Asa Grover Democratic 1867 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Boyd Winchester (Democratic) 90.9%
  • ▌ J. B. English (Republican) 9.1%
Kentucky 6 Thomas L. Jones Democratic 1867 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Thomas L. Jones (Democratic) 69.7%
  • ▌ Oliver W. Root (Republican) 30.4%
Kentucky 7 James B. Beck Democratic 1867 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY James B. Beck (Democratic) 84.6%
  • ▌ Charles Eginton (Republican) 15.4%
Kentucky 8 George Madison Adams Democratic 1867 Incumbent re-elected.
Kentucky 9 Samuel McKee Republican 1865 Incumbent retired.
Democratic gain.

[8]

Louisiana

[edit]

1868 Elections to finish term (results unavailable)

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[21]
Louisiana 1 None State readmitted.
Republican gain.
Louisiana 2 None State readmitted.
Democratic gain.
Louisiana 3 None State readmitted.
Republican gain.
Louisiana 4 None State readmitted.
Republican gain.
Louisiana 5 None State readmitted.
Republican gain.

[8]

1868 Elections to new term

(Initial results annulled)

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[22]
Louisiana 1 J. Hale Sypher Republican 1868 Election annulled and seat declared vacant

Initial result annulled.

Louisiana 2 James Mann Democratic 1868 Incumbent died. Election annulled and Republican candidate seated.
Republican gain.

Initial result annulled

Louisiana 3 None (new district) Election annulled and Republican candidate seated.
Republican gain.

Initial result annulled

Louisiana 4 Joseph P. Newsham
Redistricted from the 3rd district.		 Republican 1868 Election annulled and Republican Incumbent seated.

Initial result annulled

Michel Vidal Republican 1868 Incumbent retired.
Republican loss.
Louisiana 5 W. Jasper Blackburn Republican 1868 Incumbent retired. Election annulled and Republican candidate seated.
Republican hold.
  • ▌ G. W. McCranie (Democratic) 67.9%
  • ▌Green tickY Frank Morey (Republican) 16.9%
  • ▌ P. J. Kennedy (Republican) 15.2%

Initial result annulled

[8]

Maine

[edit]
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[23]
Maine 1 John Lynch Republican 1864 Incumbent re-elected.
Maine 2 Sidney Perham Republican 1862 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
Maine 3 James G. Blaine Republican 1862 Incumbent re-elected.
Maine 4 John A. Peters Republican 1866 Incumbent re-elected.
Maine 5 Frederick A. Pike Republican 1860 Incumbent lost renomination.
Republican hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Eugene Hale (Republican) 55.2%
  • ▌ Arno Wiswell (Democratic) 44.9%

[8]

Maryland

[edit]
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[24]
Maryland 1 Hiram McCullough Democratic 1864 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Samuel Hambleton (Democratic) 73.4%
  • ▌ Henry R. Torbert (Republican) 26.6%
Maryland 2 Stevenson Archer Democratic 1866 Incumbent re-elected.
Maryland 3 Charles E. Phelps Conservative 1864 Incumbent retired.
Democratic gain.
  • ▌Green tickY Thomas Swann (Democratic) 69.7%
  • ▌ Adam E. King (Republican) 30.3%
Maryland 4 Francis Thomas Republican 1861 Incumbent retired.
Democratic gain.
  • ▌Green tickY Patrick Hamill (Democratic) 51.3%
  • ▌ Daniel E. Weisel (Republican) 48.7%
Maryland 5 Frederick Stone Democratic 1866 Incumbent re-elected.

[8]

Massachusetts

[edit]
Massachusetts' Results
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Massachusetts 1 Thomas D. Eliot Republican 1858 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
  • ▌Green tickY James Buffinton (Republican) 78.82%
  • ▌Philander Cobb (Democratic) 21.18%
Massachusetts 2 Oakes Ames Republican 1862 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Oakes Ames (Republican) 71.80%
  • ▌Edward Avery (Democratic) 28.20%
Massachusetts 3 Ginery Twichell Republican 1866 Incumbent re-elected.
Massachusetts 4 Samuel Hooper Republican 1861 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Samuel Hooper (Republican) 56.87%
  • ▌Peter Harry (Democratic) 43.13%
Massachusetts 5 Benjamin Butler Republican 1866 Incumbent re-elected.
Massachusetts 6 Nathaniel P. Banks Republican 1865 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
Massachusetts 7 George S. Boutwell Republican 1862 Incumbent re-elected.
Massachusetts 8 George F. Hoar Republican 1862 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
  • ▌Green tickY George F. Hoar (Republican) 74.20%
  • ▌Henry H. Stevens (Democratic) 25.80%
Massachusetts 9 William B. Washburn Republican 1862 Incumbent re-elected.
Massachusetts 10 Henry L. Dawes Republican 1856 Incumbent re-elected.[25]

Michigan

[edit]
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[26]
Michigan 1 Fernando C. Beaman Republican 1860 Incumbent re-elected.
Michigan 2 Charles Upson Republican 1862 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
Michigan 3 Austin Blair Republican 1866 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Austin Blair (Republican) 54.2%
  • ▌ Isaac M. Crane (Democratic) 45.8%
Michigan 4 Thomas W. Ferry Republican 1864 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Thomas W. Ferry (Republican) 62.7%
  • ▌ Lyman G. Mason (Democratic) 37.3%
Michigan 5 Rowland E. Trowbridge Republican 1864 Incumbent lost renomination.
Republican hold.
Michigan 6 John F. Driggs Republican 1862 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.

[8]

Minnesota

[edit]
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[27]
Minnesota 1 William Windom Republican 1859 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
Minnesota 2 Ignatius L. Donnelly Republican 1862 Incumbent lost renomination and lost re-election as an Independent Republican candidate.
Democratic gain.

[8]

Mississippi

[edit]

1868 rejected elections

[edit]

Mississippi elected its members July 1, 1868, but that election was later rejected by the House.

District Incumbent This race
Representative Party First elected Results Candidates
Mississippi 1 None, seat not admitted New member elected, but election rejected by the House.
Mississippi 2 None, seat not admitted New member elected, but election rejected by the House.
Mississippi 3 None, seat not admitted New member elected, but election rejected by the House.
Mississippi 4 None, seat not admitted New member elected, but election rejected by the House.
Mississippi 5 None, seat not admitted New member elected, but election rejected by the House.

1869 accepted elections

[edit]

Mississippi then held new elections December 1, 1869 both: to finish the term in the 40th Congress and to the next term (starting in 1871) in the 41st Congress. Both elections had the same vote totals and were accepted by the House. The new members were seated in 1870.

District Incumbent This race
Representative Party First elected Results Candidates
Mississippi 1 None, seat not admitted New member elected to finish the term and to the next term.
Republican gain.
Mississippi 2 None, seat not admitted New member elected to finish the term and to the next term.
Republican gain.
Mississippi 3 None, seat not admitted New member elected to finish the term and to the next term.
Republican gain.
Mississippi 4 None, seat not admitted New member elected to finish the term and to the next term.
Republican gain.
Mississippi 5 None, seat not admitted New member elected to finish the term and to the next term.
Republican gain.

Missouri

[edit]

Missouri elected its members on November 3, 1868.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[43]
Missouri 1 William A. Pile Radical 1866 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Missouri 2 Carman Newcomb Radical 1866 Incumbent retired.
Radical hold.
Missouri 3 James R. McCormick Democratic 1867 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
Missouri 4 Joseph J. Gravely Radical 1866 Incumbent retired.
Radical hold.
Missouri 5 John H. Stover Radical 1868 (special) Incumbent retired.
Radical hold.
Missouri 6 Robert T. Van Horn Radical 1864 Incumbent re-elected.
Missouri 7 Benjamin F. Loan Radical 1862 Incumbent retired.
Radical hold.
Missouri 8 John F. Benjamin Radical 1864 Incumbent re-elected.
Missouri 9 George W. Anderson Radical 1864 Incumbent retired.
Radical hold.

Montana Territory

[edit]

See non-voting delegates, below.

Nebraska

[edit]
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Nebraska at-large John Taffe Republican 1866 Incumbent re-elected.

Nevada

[edit]
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[45]
Nevada at-large Delos R. Ashley Republican 1865 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Thomas Fitch (Republican) 53.8%
  • ▌ William F. Anderson (Democratic) 46.2%

[8]

New Hampshire

[edit]
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[46]
New Hampshire 1 Jacob Hart Ela Republican 1867 Incumbent re-elected.
New Hampshire 2 Aaron Fletcher Stevens Republican 1867 Incumbent re-elected.
New Hampshire 3 Jacob Benton Republican 1867 Incumbent re-elected.

[8]

New Jersey

[edit]
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[47]
New Jersey 1 William Moore Republican 1866 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY William Moore (Republican) 56.9%
  • ▌ Samuel J. Bayard (Democratic) 43.1%
New Jersey 2 Charles Haight Democratic 1866 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Charles Haight (Democratic) 51.3%
  • ▌ James F. Rusling (Republican) 48.7%
New Jersey 3 Charles Sitgreaves Democratic 1864 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
New Jersey 4 John Hill Republican 1866 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY John Hill (Republican) 50.1%
  • ▌ Philip Rafferty (Democratic) 49.9%
New Jersey 5 George A. Halsey Republican 1866 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.

[8]

New Mexico Territory

[edit]

See non-voting delegates, below.

New York

[edit]
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[48]
New York 1 Stephen Taber Democratic 1864 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
New York 2 Demas Barnes Democratic 1866 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
New York 3 William Erigena Robinson Democratic 1866 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
New York 4 John Fox Democratic 1866 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY John Fox (Democratic) 83.3%
  • ▌ Charles V. Lewis (Republican) 16.7%
New York 5 John Morrissey Democratic 1866 Incumbent re-elected.
New York 6 Thomas E. Stewart Conservative Republican 1866 Incumbent retired.
Democratic gain.
  • ▌Green tickY Samuel S. Cox (Democratic) 56.1%
  • ▌ George Starr (Republican) 43.9%
New York 7 John Winthrop Chanler Democratic 1862 Incumbent lost renomination.
Democratic hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Hervey C. Calkin (Democratic) 75.5%
  • ▌ Joseph C. Pinckney (Republican) 24.5%
New York 8 James Brooks Democratic 1866 Incumbent re-elected.
New York 9 Fernando Wood Democratic 1866 Incumbent re-elected.
New York 10 William H. Robertson Republican 1866 Incumbent retired.
Democratic gain.
New York 11 Charles Van Wyck Republican 1866 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Election successfully contested.
Incumbent seated February 17, 1870.
New York 12 John H. Ketcham Republican 1864 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY John H. Ketcham (Republican) 50.8%
  • ▌ Charles Wheaton (Democratic) 49.2%
New York 13 Thomas Cornell Republican 1866 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
New York 14 John V. L. Pruyn Democratic 1866 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
New York 15 John Augustus Griswold Republican 1862 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
New York 16 Orange Ferriss Republican 1866 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Orange Ferriss (Republican) 55.9%
  • ▌ Robert W. Livingston (Democratic) 44.1%
New York 17 Calvin T. Hulburd Republican 1862 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
New York 18 James M. Marvin Republican 1862 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Stephen Sanford (Republican) 53.4%
  • ▌ John H. White (Democratic) 46.6%
New York 19 William C. Fields Republican 1866 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Charles Knapp (Republican) 55.2%
  • ▌ Francis R. Gilbert (Democratic) 44.8%
New York 20 Addison H. Laflin Republican 1864 Incumbent re-elected.
New York 21 Alexander H. Bailey Republican 1867 Incumbent re-elected.
New York 22 John C. Churchill Republican 1866 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY John C. Churchill (Republican) 71.9%
  • ▌ Charles Stebbins Jr. (Democratic) 28.1%
New York 23 Dennis McCarthy Republican 1866 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Dennis McCarthy (Republican) 59.0%
  • ▌ William Porter (Democratic) 41.0%
New York 24 Theodore M. Pomeroy Republican 1860 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
New York 25 William H. Kelsey Republican 1866 Incumbent re-elected.
New York 26 William S. Lincoln Republican 1866 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
New York 27 Hamilton Ward Sr. Republican 1864 Incumbent re-elected.
New York 28 Lewis Selye Republican 1866 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Noah Davis (Republican) 54.8%
  • ▌ John McConville (Democratic) 45.2%
New York 29 Burt Van Horn Republican 1864 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
New York 30 James M. Humphrey Democratic 1864 Incumbent retired.
Republican gain.
  • ▌Green tickY David S. Bennett (Republican) 52.8%
  • ▌ Isaac A. Verplanck (Democratic) 47.2%
New York 31 Henry Van Aernam Republican 1864 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Porter Sheldon (Republican) 64.6%
  • ▌ John S. Beggs (Democratic) 35.4%

[8]

North Carolina

[edit]

1868 elections to finish the term

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[49]
North Carolina 1 None State readmitted.
Republican gain.
  • ▌Green tickY John R. French (Republican) 58.5%
  • ▌ Henry A. Gilliam (Conservative) 41.5%
North Carolina 2 None State readmitted.
Republican gain.
North Carolina 3 None State readmitted.
Republican gain.
North Carolina 4 None State readmitted.
Republican gain.
  • ▌Green tickY John T. Deweese (Republican) 55.4%
  • ▌ Samuel T. Williams (Conservative) 44.6%
North Carolina 5 None State readmitted.
Republican gain.
  • ▌Green tickY Israel G. Lash (Republican) 58.7%
  • ▌ David F. Caldwell (Conservative) 41.2%
North Carolina 6 None State readmitted.
Conservative gain.
North Carolina 7 None State readmitted.
Republican gain.

[8] 1868 Elections to new term

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[50]
North Carolina 1 John R. French Republican 1868 Incumbent lost renomination.
Republican hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Clinton L. Cobb (Republican) 56.5%
  • ▌ David A. Barnes (Conservative) 43.5%
North Carolina 2 David Heaton Republican 1868 Incumbent re-elected.
North Carolina 3 Oliver H. Dockery Republican 1868 Incumbent re-elected.
North Carolina 4 John T. Deweese Republican 1868 Incumbent re-elected.
North Carolina 5 Israel G. Lash Republican 1868 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Israel G. Lash (Republican) 56.6%
  • ▌ Livingston Brown (Conservative) 43.4%
North Carolina 6 Nathaniel Boyden Conservative 1868 Incumbent lost re-election as a Republican candidate.
Conservative hold.
North Carolina 7 Alexander H. Jones Republican 1868 Incumbent re-elected.

[8]

Ohio

[edit]
District Incumbent This race
Representative Party First elected Results Candidates[51]
Ohio 1 Benjamin Eggleston Republican 1864 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Ohio 2 Samuel F. Cary Ind-Republican 1867 (special) Incumbent lost re-election.
Republican hold.
Ohio 3 Robert C. Schenck Republican 1862 Incumbent re-elected.
Ohio 4 William Lawrence Republican 1864 Incumbent re-elected.
Ohio 5 William Mungen Democratic 1866 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY William Mungen (Democratic) 59.3%
  • ▌Thomas E. Grissell (Republican) 40.7%
Ohio 6 Reader W. Clarke Republican 1864 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
Ohio 7 Samuel Shellabarger Republican 1864 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
  • ▌Green tickY James J. Winans (Republican) 50.2%
  • ▌John H. Thomas (Democratic) 49.8%
Ohio 8 John Beatty Republican 1868 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY John Beatty (Republican) 52.0%
  • ▌John H. Benson (Democratic) 48.0%
Ohio 9 Ralph P. Buckland Republican 1864 Incumbent retired.
Democratic gain.
Ohio 10 James M. Ashley Republican 1862 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Ohio 11 John Thomas Wilson Republican 1866 Incumbent re-elected.
Ohio 12 Philadelph Van Trump Democratic 1866 Incumbent re-elected.
Ohio 13 Columbus Delano Republican 1866[j] Incumbent retired.
Democratic gain.
Ohio 14 Martin Welker Republican 1864 Incumbent re-elected.
Ohio 15 Tobias A. Plants Republican 1864 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
Ohio 16 John Bingham Republican 1864 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY John Bingham (Republican) 50.8%
  • ▌Josiah M. Estep (Democratic) 49.2%
Ohio 17 Ephraim R. Eckley Republican 1862 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Jacob A. Ambler (Republican) 56.4%
  • ▌Daniel T. Lawson (Democratic) 43.6%
Ohio 18 Rufus P. Spalding Republican 1862 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
Ohio 19 James A. Garfield Republican 1862 Incumbent re-elected.

Oregon

[edit]
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[52]
Oregon at-large Rufus Mallory Republican 1866 Incumbent retired.
Democratic gain.

[8]

Pennsylvania

[edit]
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[53]
Pennsylvania 1 Samuel J. Randall Democratic 1862 Incumbent re-elected.
Pennsylvania 2 Charles O'Neill Republican 1862 Incumbent re-elected.
Pennsylvania 3 Leonard Myers Republican 1862 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Election successfully contested.
Incumbent seated April 9, 1869.
Pennsylvania 4 William D. Kelley Republican 1860 Incumbent re-elected.
Pennsylvania 5 Caleb N. Taylor Republican 1866 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Election successfully contested.
Incumbent seated April 13, 1870.
Pennsylvania 6 Benjamin Markley Boyer Democratic 1864 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
  • ▌Green tickY John D. Stiles (Democratic) 54.8%
  • ▌ John R. Breitenbach (Republican) 45.2%
Pennsylvania 7 John M. Broomall Republican 1862 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
Pennsylvania 8 James Lawrence Getz Democratic 1866 Incumbent re-elected.
Pennsylvania 9 Thaddeus Stevens Republican 1858 Incumbent died. Winner also elected to finish term.
Republican hold.
Pennsylvania 10 Henry L. Cake Republican 1866 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Henry L. Cake (Republican) 50.5%
  • ▌ James J. Conner (Democratic) 49.6%
Pennsylvania 11 Daniel Myers Van Auken Democratic 1867 Incumbent re-elected.
Pennsylvania 12 George Washington Woodward Democratic 1867 Incumbent re-elected.
Pennsylvania 13 Ulysses Mercur Republican 1864 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Ulysses Mercur (Republican) 50.6%
  • ▌ Victor E. Piolett (Democratic) 49.4%
Pennsylvania 14 George Funston Miller Republican 1864 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
Pennsylvania 15 Adam John Glossbrenner Democratic 1864 Incumbent lost renomination.
Democratic hold.
Pennsylvania 16 William H. Koontz Republican 1864 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
  • ▌Green tickY John Cessna (Republican) 50.3%
  • ▌ Fran M. Kimmell (Democratic) 49.7%
Pennsylvania 17 Daniel J. Morrell Republican 1866 Incumbent re-elected.
Pennsylvania 18 Stephen F. Wilson Republican 1864 Incumbent resigned.
Republican hold.
Pennsylvania 19 Glenni W. Scofield Republican 1862 Incumbent re-elected.
Pennsylvania 20 Darwin A. Finney Republican 1866 Incumbent died.
Republican hold.
Pennsylvania 21 John Covode Republican 1866 Governor refused to certify the election of either candidate.
Seat declared vacant.
Election successfully contested.
Incumbent seated February 9, 1870.
Pennsylvania 22 James K. Moorhead Republican 1858 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
Pennsylvania 23 Thomas Williams Republican 1862 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Darwin Phelps (Republican) 59.3%
  • ▌ Lewis Z. Mitchell (Democratic) 40.7%
Pennsylvania 24 George V. Lawrence Republican 1864 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.

[8]

Rhode Island

[edit]
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[54]
Rhode Island 1 Thomas Jenckes Republican 1863 Incumbent lost re-election.
Republican hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Thomas Jenckes (Republican) 66.4%
  • ▌ [FNU] Arnold (Democratic) 33.1%
Rhode Island 2 Nathan F. Dixon II Republican 1863 Incumbent re-elected.

[8]

South Carolina

[edit]

Tennessee

[edit]
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Tennessee 1 Roderick R. Butler Republican 1867 Incumbent re-elected.
Tennessee 2 Horace Maynard Republican 1865 Incumbent re-elected.
Tennessee 3 William B. Stokes Republican 1865 Incumbent re-elected.
Tennessee 4 James Mullins Republican 1867 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
Tennessee 5 John Trimble Republican 1867 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
  • ▌Green tickY William F. Prosser (Republican) 56.05%
  • ▌Joseph Motley (Democratic) 25.64%
  • ▌Samuel C. Mercer (Independent) 17.55%
  • ▌G. M. Garrett (Unknown) 0.77%[59]
Tennessee 6 Samuel M. Arnell Republican 1865 Incumbent re-elected.
Tennessee 7 Isaac R. Hawkins Republican 1865 Incumbent re-elected.
Tennessee 8 David A. Nunn Republican 1867 Incumbent lost re-election as an Independent Republican.
Republican hold.

Texas

[edit]

Utah Territory

[edit]

See non-voting delegates, below.

Vermont

[edit]
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[63]
Vermont 1 Frederick E. Woodbridge Republican 1863 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
Vermont 2 Luke P. Poland Republican 1866 Incumbent re-elected
  • ▌Green tickY Luke P. Poland (Republican) 73.7%
  • ▌Charles M. Chase (Democratic) 26.1%
Vermont 3 Worthington C. Smith Republican 1866 Incumbent re-elected.

Virginia

[edit]
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[64]
Virginia 1 None State readmitted.
Republican gain.
Virginia 2 None State readmitted.
Republican gain.
Virginia 3 None State readmitted.
Republican gain.
Virginia 4 None State readmitted.
Conservative gain.
Virginia 5 None State readmitted.
Conservative gain.
Virginia 6 None State readmitted.
Conservative gain.
Virginia 7 None State readmitted.
Conservative gain.
Virginia 8 None State readmitted.
Conservative gain.

Washington Territory

[edit]

See non-voting delegates, below.

West Virginia

[edit]
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
West Virginia 1 Chester D. Hubbard Republican 1864 Incumbent lost renomination.
Republican hold.
West Virginia 2 Bethuel Kitchen Republican 1866 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
West Virginia 3 Daniel Polsley Republican 1866 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
  • ▌Green tickY John Witcher (Republican) 56.39%
  • ▌Charles P. Moore (Democratic) 43.61%[67]

Wisconsin

[edit]

Wisconsin elected six members of congress on Election Day, November 3, 1868.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[68]
Wisconsin 1 Halbert E. Paine Republican 1864 Incumbent re-elected.
Wisconsin 2 Benjamin F. Hopkins Republican 1866 Incumbent re-elected.
Wisconsin 3 Amasa Cobb Republican 1862 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Amasa Cobb (Republican) 61.6%
  • ▌John H. Passmore (Democratic) 38.4%
Wisconsin 4 Charles A. Eldredge Democratic 1862 Incumbent re-elected.
Wisconsin 5 Philetus Sawyer Republican 1864 Incumbent re-elected.
Wisconsin 6 Cadwallader C. Washburn Republican 1866 Incumbent re-elected.

Non-voting delegates

[edit]

Colorado Territory

[edit]
District Incumbent This race
Delegate Party First elected Results Candidates
Colorado Territory at-large George M. Chilcott Independent
Republican		 1866 Unknown if incumbent retired or lost renomination.
Republican gain.

Montana Territory

[edit]

The election date is speculative.[70]

District Incumbent This race
Delegate Party First elected Results Candidates
Montana Territory at-large James M. Cavanaugh Democratic 1868 Incumbent re-elected.

Idaho Territory

[edit]
District Incumbent This race
Delegate Party First elected Results Candidates
Idaho Territory at-large Edward D. Holbrook Democratic 1864 Incumbent retired.
New delegate elected August 10, 1868.
Democratic hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Jacob K. Shafer (Democratic) 57.63%
  • ▌T. J. Butler (Republican) 41.19%
  • ▌J. J. May (Independent) 1.17%[71]

Wyoming Territory

[edit]

On July 25, 1868, an act of Congress gave Wyoming Territory the authority to elect a congressional delegate, although the first delegate did not take his seat until 1869.[72]

District Incumbent This race
Delegate Party First elected Results Candidates
Wyoming Territory At-large None, new district. Territory organized in previous congress.
New delegate elected December 6, 1869.
Democratic gain.

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ↑ Excludes states readmitted after the start of Congress.
  2. ↑ The majority of States held elections on November 3, 1868 (i.e. "Election Day") for the first time.
  3. 1 2 Including late elections.
  4. ↑ Conservatives won 5 seats.
  5. 1 2 3 Elections held late.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Elections held early.
  7. 1 2 3 4 Readmitted state.
  8. 1 2 Previous election had one vacancy.
  9. ↑ Late election to 40th Congress.
  10. ↑ Columbus Delano lost election in 1866 to George W. Morgan, contested the election and was seated June 1868.

References

[edit]
  1. ↑ "Our Campaigns - OH District 08 - Special Election Race - Jan 27, 1868". www.ourcampaigns.com.
  2. ↑ "Our Campaigns - PA District 9 - Special Election Race - Oct 13, 1868". www.ourcampaigns.com.
  3. ↑ "Our Campaigns - PA District 20 - Special Election Race - Oct 13, 1868". www.ourcampaigns.com.
  4. ↑ "Our Campaigns - MO District 5 - Special Election Race - Nov 03, 1868". www.ourcampaigns.com.
  5. ↑ "Our Campaigns - MA District 7 - Special Election Race - Nov 02, 1869". www.ourcampaigns.com.
  6. ↑ "Our Campaigns - IL District 3-Special Race - Dec 06, 1869". www.ourcampaigns.com.
  7. ↑ "Congressional Directory for the 41st Congress (1869-1871), 2nd Session". GovInfo.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Guide to U.S. Elections. Vol. II (6th ed.). Washington, D.C.: CQ Press. 2010. p. 1042. ISBN 9781604265361. LCCN 2009033938. OCLC 430736650.
  9. ↑ "Congressional Directory for the 41st Congress (1869-1871), 2nd Session". GovInfo.
  10. ↑ "State of Connecticut Elections Database » Search Past Election Results". State of Connecticut Elections Database. Retrieved October 9, 2024.
  11. ↑ May results shown here, see article for December election results
  12. ↑ "Our Campaigns - FL At Large Race - May 05, 1868". www.ourcampaigns.com.
  13. 1 2 "40th Congress membership roster" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on March 9, 2013. Retrieved May 13, 2019.
  14. ↑ "Our Campaigns - FL At Large Race - Dec 29, 1868". www.ourcampaigns.com.
  15. ↑ "Congressional Directory for the 41st Congress (1869-1871), 2nd Session". GovInfo.
  16. ↑ "Congressional Directory for the 41st Congress (1869-1871), 2nd Session". GovInfo.
  17. ↑ "Congressional Directory for the 41st Congress (1869-1871), 2nd Session". GovInfo.
  18. ↑ "Congressional Directory for the 41st Congress (1869-1871), 2nd Session". GovInfo.
  19. ↑ "Congressional Directory for the 41st Congress (1869-1871), 2nd Session". GovInfo.
  20. ↑ "Congressional Directory for the 41st Congress (1869-1871), 2nd Session". GovInfo.
  21. ↑ "Congressional Directory for the 41st Congress (1869-1871), 2nd Session". GovInfo.
  22. ↑ "Congressional Directory for the 41st Congress (1869-1871), 2nd Session". GovInfo.
  23. ↑ "Congressional Directory for the 41st Congress (1869-1871), 2nd Session". GovInfo.
  24. ↑ "Congressional Directory for the 41st Congress (1869-1871), 2nd Session". GovInfo.
  25. 1 2 Ben. Perley Poore (1869). "Massachusetts". Congressional Directory for the First Session of the Forty-First Congress (2nd ed.). Washington DC: Government Printing Office. hdl:2027/nyp.33433081796686.
  26. ↑ "Congressional Directory for the 41st Congress (1869-1871), 2nd Session". GovInfo.
  27. ↑ "Congressional Directory for the 41st Congress (1869-1871), 2nd Session". GovInfo.
  28. ↑ "Our Campaigns - MS - District 01 Race - Jun 30, 1868". www.ourcampaigns.com.
  29. ↑ "Our Campaigns - MS - District 02 Race - Jun 30, 1868". www.ourcampaigns.com.
  30. ↑ "Our Campaigns - MS - District 03 Race - Jun 30, 1868". www.ourcampaigns.com.
  31. ↑ "Our Campaigns - MS - District 04 Race - Jun 30, 1868". www.ourcampaigns.com.
  32. ↑ "Our Campaigns - MS - District 05 Race - Jun 30, 1868". www.ourcampaigns.com.
  33. ↑ "Our Campaigns - MS - District 01 - Special Election Race - Nov 30, 1869". www.ourcampaigns.com.
  34. ↑ "Our Campaigns - MS - District 01 Race - Nov 30, 1869". www.ourcampaigns.com.
  35. ↑ "Our Campaigns - MS - District 02 Race - Nov 30, 1869". www.ourcampaigns.com.
  36. ↑ "Our Campaigns - MS - District 02 Race - Nov 30, 1869". www.ourcampaigns.com.
  37. ↑ "Our Campaigns - MS - District 03 Race - Nov 30, 1869". www.ourcampaigns.com.
  38. ↑ "Our Campaigns - MS - District 03 Race - Nov 30, 1869". www.ourcampaigns.com.
  39. ↑ "Our Campaigns - MS - District 04 Race - Nov 30, 1869". www.ourcampaigns.com.
  40. ↑ "Our Campaigns - MS - District 04 Race - Nov 30, 1869". www.ourcampaigns.com.
  41. ↑ "Our Campaigns - MS - District 05 Race - Nov 30, 1869". www.ourcampaigns.com.
  42. ↑ "Our Campaigns - MS - District 05 Race - Nov 30, 1869". www.ourcampaigns.com.
  43. ↑ Dubin 1998, p. 211; Parrish 1973, pp. 246–47.
  44. ↑ "Our Campaigns - NE - District 01 Race - Oct 13, 1868". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved September 19, 2021.
  45. ↑ "Congressional Directory for the 41st Congress (1869-1871), 2nd Session". GovInfo.
  46. ↑ "Congressional Directory for the 41st Congress (1869-1871), 2nd Session". GovInfo.
  47. ↑ "Congressional Directory for the 41st Congress (1869-1871), 2nd Session". GovInfo.
  48. ↑ "Congressional Directory for the 41st Congress (1869-1871), 2nd Session". GovInfo.
  49. ↑ "Congressional Directory for the 41st Congress (1869-1871), 2nd Session". GovInfo.
  50. ↑ "Congressional Directory for the 41st Congress (1869-1871), 2nd Session". GovInfo.
  51. ↑ Smith, Joseph P, ed. (1898). History of the Republican Party in Ohio. Vol. I. Chicago: the Lewis Publishing Company. pp. 258, 259.
  52. ↑ "Congressional Directory for the 41st Congress (1869-1871), 2nd Session". GovInfo.
  53. ↑ "Congressional Directory for the 41st Congress (1869-1871), 2nd Session". GovInfo.
  54. ↑ "Congressional Directory for the 41st Congress (1869-1871), 2nd Session". GovInfo.
  55. ↑ "TN - District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 19, 2021.
  56. ↑ "TN - District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 19, 2021.
  57. ↑ "TN - District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 19, 2021.
  58. ↑ "TN - District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 19, 2021.
  59. ↑ "TN - District 05". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 19, 2021.
  60. ↑ "TN - District 06". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 19, 2021.
  61. ↑ "TN - District 07". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 19, 2021.
  62. ↑ "TN - District 08". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 19, 2021.
  63. ↑ "VT Elections Database » Vermont Election Results and Statistics". VT Elections Database. Retrieved August 29, 2024.
  64. ↑ "Virginia Elections Database » Virginia Election Results and Statistics". Virginia Elections Database. Retrieved September 2, 2024.
  65. ↑ "WV District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 14, 2021.
  66. ↑ "WV District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 14, 2021.
  67. ↑ "WV District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 14, 2021.
  68. ↑ "Wisconsin U.S. House Election Results" (PDF). Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 5, 2012. Retrieved August 27, 2014.
  69. ↑ "Our Campaigns - CO Territorial Delegate Race - Nov 03, 1868".
  70. 1 2 "Our Campaigns - MT Territorial Delegate Race - Nov 02, 1869". www.ourcampaigns.com.
  71. ↑ "ID Territorial Delegate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 3, 2021.
  72. ↑ "House History". Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives. Retrieved April 15, 2010.
  73. ↑ "Our Campaigns - WY Territorial Delegate - Initial Election Race - Sep 02, 1869". www.ourcampaigns.com.

Bibliography

[edit]
[edit]
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