Magdalena Sobkowiak-Czarnecka said the talks had gone well but that several steps remained before a decision could be made.
She added that the final decision rested with US President Donald Trump.
"The whole issue of the base will now gain new momentum and should be resolved within a few weeks," she told reporters in Gorzów Wielkopolski, western Poland.
The proposed project was among the topics discussed on Tuesday at a meeting of the so-called Bergen Group, a format bringing together the United States and several European NATO allies.
The meeting in Kraków was attended by senior Pentagon officials Elbridge Colby and Michael Duffey, as well as officials from Poland, Germany, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden and Finland.
Sobkowiak-Czarnecka said the group's meeting in Poland showed that the country was one of NATO's key members.
Referring to the results of Tuesday's US midterm elections, she said Washington remained "a stable partner for Poland."
She also pointed to defence industry cooperation between the two countries, including the operation of an aircraft manufacturing plant in Mielec, southeastern Poland, owned by US defence contractor Lockheed Martin, and a recent US decision to establish a service hub in Poland for PAC-3 MSE missiles used in Patriot air defence systems.
Another Polish deputy defence minister, Paweł Zalewski, also referred to the talks in a post on X on Wednesday, saying a permanent US Army base would be an important part of a broader strategic partnership.
"Poland and the United States share a common interest: a strong NATO and a secure Europe," he wrote.
Earlier, National Security Bureau (BBN) chief Bartosz Grodecki said he had met Colby on Monday, ahead of the Bergen Group meeting.
The talks also involved Duffey; William Cappelletti, the US deputy assistant secretary of defence for NATO and Europe; Tom Rose, the US ambassador to Poland; and Matthew Whitaker, the US ambassador to NATO, according to Grodecki.
Grodecki said they discussed Poland's and NATO's security priorities and further development of Polish-US defence cooperation.
Last week, Deputy Prime Minister and Defence Minister Władysław Kosiniak-Kamysz said holding the Bergen Group meeting in Poland demonstrated the country's important role in efforts to strengthen international security.
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Source: IAR/PAP