10 Gigabit Ethernet

An Ethernet standard that transmits at 10 gigabits per second (10 Gbps). Introduced in 2002 and abbreviated "10 GbE," "10GE" or "10G Ethernet," it extended Gigabit Ethernet by 10-fold for high-speed storage networks (SANs), enterprise backbones, as well as wide area and metropolitan area networks. By 2016, five ISPs in the U.S. offered 10 GbE to business and residential customers. See Gigabit Ethernet, LAN, SAN, WAN and MAN.

Full Duplex and No Collisions

10GbE works only in full-duplex mode and does not support CSMA/CD, the common Ethernet collision method used to gain access to the physical medium. A "WAN interface sublayer" (WIS) makes 10GbE compatible with the SONET transport at 10 Gbps (OC-192). See SONET.

Fiber or Copper

The 10GBASE-LX4 version (see below) carries four wavelengths of light on one pair of fibers. In 2004, 10GbE over copper wire was introduced. Using four twinaxial cables, the copper version was designed for short distances between switches and storage devices in the data center. See 25 Gigabit Ethernet, Ethernet and FCoE.

10GbE Over Copper Wire (802.3ak)
(Data center use)

Version       Cable      Maximum
Version       Cable      Distance
10GBASE-CX4   Twinax        15 m


10GbE Over Fiber (802.3ae)
Maximum
Version       Fiber      Distance
10GBASE-SR    MMF/850nm     65 m
10GBASE-LRM   MMF/1310nm   220 m
10GBASE-LRM   MMF/850nm    260 m
10GBASE-LX4   MMF/1310nm   300 m

10GBASE-LR    SMF/1310nm   10 km
10GBASE-ER    SMF/1550nm   40 km
10GBASE-LX4   SMF/1310nm   10 km
10GBASE-ZR**  SMF/1550nm   80 km

10GBE Over SONET Network
10GBASE-SW    MMF/850nm    65 m
10GBASE-LW    SMF/1310nm   10 km
10GBASE-EW    SMF/1550nm   40 km

MMF = multimode fiber
SMF = singlemode fiber
ZR** = non standard