Table 1 Calibrations used for dating the eukaryote tree of life.

From: A molecular timescale for eukaryote evolution with implications for the origin of red algal-derived plastids

Clade	Age constraint (Ma)	Type	Eon	Refs.
Rhodophyta^a	1600	Min	Proterozoic	²⁴
Bangiophyceae/Florideophyceae	1600	Max	Proterozoic	^b
Bangiophyceae/Florideophyceae	1047	Min	Proterozoic	^23,90
Metazoa	833	Max	Proterozoic	⁹¹
Ciliophora^a	740	Min	Proterozoic	⁹²
Euglyphidae^a	736	Min	Proterozoic	^93,94
Evosea/Tubulinea^a	736	Min	Proterozoic	^94,95
Tubulinea	736	Max	Proterozoic	^b
Chlorophyta^a	700	Min	Proterozoic	⁹⁶
Eumetazoa	636	Max	Proterozoic	⁹¹
Deuterostomia	636	Max	Proterozoic	⁹¹
Chordata	636	Max	Proterozoic	⁹¹
Bilateria	636	Max	Proterozoic	⁹¹
Arthropoda	636	Max	Proterozoic	⁹¹
Metazoa	635	Min	Proterozoic	³²
Eumetazoa	550	Min	Proterozoic	⁹¹
Bilateria	550	Min	Proterozoic	⁹¹
Mollusca	549	Max	Proterozoic	⁹¹
Foraminifera^a	542	Min	Proterozoic	^97,98
Bacillariophyta	541	Max	Proterozoic	⁹⁹
Embryophyta	540	Max	Phanerozoic	^20,100
Mollusca	532	Min	Phanerozoic	⁹¹
Deuterostomia	515	Min	Phanerozoic	⁹¹
Chordata	514	Min	Phanerozoic	⁹¹
Arthropoda	514	Min	Phanerozoic	⁹¹
Embryophyta	470	Min	Phanerozoic	¹⁰¹
Angiosperms/Gymnosperms	470	Max	Phanerozoic	^b
Euglenales/Eutreptiales^a	450	Min	Phanerozoic	¹⁰²
Chytridiomycota^a	410	Min	Phanerozoic	^103,104
Tubulinea	405	Min	Phanerozoic	¹⁰⁵
Ascomycota^a	400	Min	Phanerozoic	¹⁰⁶
Angiosperms/Gymnosperms	385	Min	Phanerozoic	¹⁰⁷
Angiosperms	385	Max	Phanerozoic	^b
Basidiomycota^a	360	Min	Phanerozoic	¹⁰⁸
Amniota	333	Max	Phanerozoic	⁹¹
Amniota	318	Min	Phanerozoic	⁹¹
Core dinoflagellates (excl. Noctilucales)	300	Max	Phanerozoic	⁴⁹
Coccolithales/Isochrysidales	260	Max	Phanerozoic	⁴⁹
Core dinoflagellates (excl. Noctilucales)	235	Min	Phanerozoic	¹⁰⁹
Peridiniales	235	Max	Phanerozoic	^b
Gonyaulacales	235	Max	Phanerozoic	^b
Coccolithales/Isochrysidales	225	Min	Phanerozoic	¹¹⁰
Calcidiscaceae/Coccolithaceae	225	Max	Phanerozoic	^b
Peridiniales	210	Min	Phanerozoic	¹⁰⁹
Gonyaulacales	200	Min	Phanerozoic	¹⁰⁹
Bacillariophyta	190	Min	Phanerozoic	⁹⁹
Pennales	190	Max	Phanerozoic	^b
Euarchontoglires	165	Max	Phanerozoic	⁹¹
Angiosperms	130	Min	Phanerozoic	¹¹¹
Eudicotyledons (Tricoplates)	130	Max	Phanerozoic	^b
Eudicotyledons (Tricoplates)	124	Min	Phanerozoic	^112,113
Aves sensu stricto	87	Max	Phanerozoic	⁹¹
Pennales	75	Min	Phanerozoic	⁹⁹
Aves sensu stricto	66	Min	Phanerozoic	⁹¹
Calcidiscaceae/Coccolithaceae	65	Min	Phanerozoic	^114,115
Euarchontoglires	61	Min	Phanerozoic	⁹¹

^aMax = 1900 Ma was used; see for example Knoll¹¹⁶ and Eme et al.⁴⁸.
^bMax based on Min age of ancestor.

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Table 1 Calibrations used for dating the eukaryote tree of life.

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