This chart, compiled by political scientist Neta Crawford (Co-Founder, Costs of War and Professor, Oxford University) and anthropologist Catherine Lutz (Co-Founder, Costs of War), tallies reported deaths caused by direct war violence in the post-9/11 wars. It does not include indirect deaths, namely those caused by loss of access to food, water, and/or infrastructure, war-related disease, etc. The numbers included here are approximations based on the reporting of several original data sources.