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___ Algeria - الجزائر |
 Sahara sand dunes in Timimoun District, Adrar Province in south-central Algeria. Image: Zinou de Batna |
 Location map Algeria Algeria is now Africa's largest country, covering an area of nearly 2.4 million km², compared, it is 4 times the size of France or slightly less than 3.5 times the size of the U.S. state of Texas. But the country is almost only populated in the small coastal region, because its southern part is covered by the Sahara, the largest subtropical hot desert. Algeria has a population of 40.4 million people (in 2016). About 90% of Algerians live in the northern, coastal area. Official language is Arabic, French is the language of the elite, Tamazight, the language of the indigenous Berber has been constitutionally recognized as a national language. Capital and most populous city is Algiers.  |
People's Democratic Republic of Algeria | Al Jaza'ir |
Country Profile |
 al Jaza'ir Background: Algeria's indigenous Berber people has been under foreign rule for much of the last 3000 years. The Phoenicians (1000 BC) and the Romans (200 BC) were the most important of these. With the incursion of Muslim Arabs in the 7th-8th century into the region, Islamic influence came to the Berbers and almost a millenium of domination by Arab dynasties. In the beginning of the 16th century the region was placed under protection of the Ottoman Sultan of Istanbul, followed by reigns of Ottoman beys, pachas, and aghas, brought to an end with the beginning of the French colonization in 1830. The French occupation condemned Algeria's population to economic, social and political inferiority and caused an armed resistance lasting for decades. After a century of rule by France, Algeria became independent in 1962 and Arabic became official language - with a little help of Quran teachers from Egypt and Saudi Arabia. Since then le pouvoir ("the power"), an elite of business leaders and generals behind a democratic façade has run Algeria. Algeria is a member state of the League of Arab States related countries: France |
Official Name: Al Jumhuriyah al Jaza'iriyah ad Dimuqratiyah ash Sha'biyah short form: Al Jaza'ir int'l long form: People's Democratic Republic of Algeria int'l short form: Algeria ISO Country Code: dz Actual Time: Fri-Nov-8 19:44 Local Time = UTC +1h Country Calling Code: +213 Capital City: Algiers (Alger, Algier) (pop.) 3 000 000 Principal Towns: Oran, Constantine, Annaba, Blida, Setif, Sidi be Abbes. Government: Type: Republic. Independence: 5 July 1962 (from France). Geography: Location: Northern Africa, bordered by the Mediterranean Sea on the north, Morocco, Western Sahara and Mauritania on the west, Mali and Niger on the south, and Libya and Tunisia on the east. Area: 2.38 million km² Terrain: Algeria consists of four regions: the coastal mountainous chain. Plains and high plateaus. The mountainous chain of the interior. The area of the Grand Sud with its mountainous solid masses. Climate: Mediterranean in the north, mild, wet winters with hot, dry summers along coast; drier with cold winters and hot summers on high plateau; dry or desert climate for the extreme south of the country; sirocco is a hot, dust/sand-laden wind especially common in summer. People: Nationality: Algerian(s). Population: 40.4 million (2016) Ethnic groups: ~ Arab 83%, Berber 17%, Touareg, European less than 1%. Religions: Sunni Muslim (state religion) 99%, Christian and Jewish 1%. Languages: Arabic (official), French, Tamazight and other Berber dialects. Literacy: total population, 70%; male 78.8%, female 61% (2003 est.) Natural resources: Rich deposits of iron ore, phosphates, lead, zinc and antimony; deposits of petroleum and natural gas. Agriculture products: Wheat, barley, oats, grapes, olives, citrus, fruits; sheep, cattle. Industries: Petroleum, natural gas, light industries, mining, electrical, petrochemical, food processing. Exports - commodities: petroleum, natural gas, and petroleum products 97% Exports partners: Spain 18.8%, France 11.2%, USA 8.8%, Italy 8.7%, UK 7.1%, Brazil 5.2%, Tunisia 4.9%, Germany 4.5% (2015) Imports partners: China 15.6%, France 14.4%, Italy 9.4%, Spain 7.4%, Germany 5.6%, Russia 4.1% (2015) Currency: Algerian Dinar (DZD) |
Note: External links will open in a new browser window. Official Sites of AlgeriaThe political system of Algeria is determined by the ailing President (Abdelaziz Bouteflika, 79) in hiding, and a group of unelected civilian and military "décideurs", known as "le pouvoir" ("the power"), but there is a power struggle within the inner circle that has raised fears well beyond the North African country. There are doubts, even by his his closest associates, about Bouteflika's ability to rule the country. After two strokes in recent years Bouteflika has dramatically reduced his public activity. Bouteflika's opponents have called for early presidential elections because of his physical frailty.Présidence de la République Algérienne Démocratique et Populaire The Algerian President Abdelaziz Bouteflika. (in Arabic and French) Algerian Head of Government Official government website of the Prime Minister of Algeria (in Arabic/French). The Algerian Government consists of: Le Conseil de la Nation The National Council of the Nation (Senate) (in Arabic). People's National Assembly People's National Assembly is the lower house of the Algerian Parliament. Algerian Constitutional Council Algeria's highest judicial authority. Ministère des Affaires Etrangères Algerian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Diplomatic Missions Permanent Mission of Algeria to the United Nations in New York Site of the Permanent Mission of Algeria to the UN. Algerian Embassy in the U.S. Algerian Embassy in Washington DC. Algerian Consulate London Algerian Consulate in the UK. Algerian Embassy London Algerian Embassy in the UK. Statistics Office National des Statistiques de l'Algérie (ONS) National Office of Statistics. Weather Office National de la Météorologie National Office of Meteorology. Ministries and National Government Agencies of AlgeriaMore Official Sites of Algeria. Maps Map of AlgeriaPolitical Map of Algeria.  Google
Earth AlgeriaSearchable map/satellite view of Algeria. Google
Earth Algiers (El-Jazair)Searchable map/satellite view of Algeria's capital city. Map of the Mediterranean Sea Map of Northern Africa and the Middle EastPolitical Map of of North Africa, the Arabian Peninsula and the Middle East. Map
of AfricaPolitical Map of Africa. Relief Map
of Africa Rock engravings in Tassili n'Ajjer, a vast plateau in south-east Algeria at the borders of Libya, Niger and Mali. Tassili n'Ajjer is a World Heritage Site. Image: Patrick Gruban |
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News from AlgeriaAccording to Al Jazeera and other media outlets, the independent press in Algeria is under increasing pressure, despite a guarantee of press freedom in the country's newly approved constitution.Presse-dz Algerian Press Portal. Algerian News Agencies Agence Algérienne d'Information ( AAI ) The Algerian Agency of Information. The bilingual news and views from Algeria, was run by Algerian and European journalists, whereas the french section was more up to date. Algérie Presse Service More Official News by the Algerian News Agency. New Press Algerie Algerian Photo Press Agency. Daily/weekly News Echorouk Algerian and international news in Arabic, English and French. El Khabar Independent Daily (Arabic, English and French). El Moudjahid State-run daily ( in French and English-language). Le Quotidien d'Oran Private daily (in French) Liberte National news, weekly (French). La Tribune National news, weekly (French). El Watan National and international news (French). International News Al Jazeera Arabic news network. |
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Arts & CultureMusée national des Beaux-arts d’Alger National Museum of Fine Art, Algiers. Musée National CIRTA, Constantine Algérie Official site of the National Museum (in Arabic and French). Kabylie Kabylie culture forum. The Berbers Al Bab about the Berbers. Mano Dayak, 1949-1995 Article about the internationally renowned Twareg leader of the Tamoust Liberation Front (FLT) and the so called "Twareg problem". Music Algerian Rai Music Introduction to Algeria's popular music. Dj Cheb i Sabbah (1947 - 2013) Born in Algeria, dj Cheb i Sabbah might be best described as a ritual music "hajji," a musical pilgrim of the spirit. Listen to DJ Cheb I Sabbah - Ganga Dev. Cheb Khaled (Khaled) Cheb Khaled, Algerian raï singer-songwriter and multi-instrumentalist born in Oran. Listen to Cheb Khaled - Aïcha Introduction to Raï Music of Algeria Short Introduction to Algerian Raï Music with some sound examples. Tinariwen Tuareg musicians from the Sahara Desert region. Listen to Tinariwen - Live at Womad arts festival. |
 Cashba in Algiers. The historic district was once home to thousands of craftsmen. The Kasbah (Arabic: القصبة); is a type of medina, a medieval north African city, or fortress (citadel). Image: Magharebia |
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Business & EconomyAlgeria is classified as an upper middle income country by the World Bank. However, poverty remains widespread and unemployment high, particularly among Algeria's youth. The economy is dominated by the state, the Algerian government has halted the privatization of state-owned industries and imposed restrictions on imports and foreign involvement in its economy. The country supplies large amounts of natural gas to Europe and energy exports are the backbone of the economy. Banque d'Algérie Central Bank of Algeria. La Chambre Algérienne du Commerce et d ’Industrie Algerian Chamber of Commerce and Industry. Algerian National Institute of Industrial Property (INAPI) National Agency of Investment Development (ANDI) ISP Algeria CERIST Centre de Recherche sur l'Information Scientifique et Technique, Algerie. Transportation Air Algérie The national carrier of Algeria serves the most significant cities of the interior as well as 37 stopovers through Europe Africa and the Middle-East. |
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 M'Zab Valley with its five ksour (fortified villages) Image: © UNESCO / Francis Tack Travel and Tour Consumer Information
Country GuidesMinistère du Tourisme et de l'Artisanat - Algérie Official guide to Algeria by the Ministry of tourism and the craft industry (in Arabic and French). Algérie tourisme Site about tourism and the craft industry in Algeria (in French). Algeria Guide An Algeria Guide in French. UNESCO World Heritage Sites  Al Qal'a of Beni HammadThe ruins of Al Qal'a of Beni Hammad, the first capital of the Hammadid emirs, founded in 1007. Djémila (Cuicul)The remains of the ancient colony Roman with a forum, temples, basilicas, triumphal arches and houses, founded during the reign of Nerva (96 - 98 A.D.). Kasbah of AlgiersThe Kasbah of Algiers, a walled citadel and the traditional quarter clustered around it is overlooking the islands where a Carthaginian trading-post was established in the 4th century BC. There are the remains of the citadel, the old mosques and Ottoman-style palaces as well as the remains of an urban structure associated with a deep-rooted sense of community.  Colonia Marciana Traiana Thamugadi. Timgad lies on the northern slopes of the Aurès mountains and was created as a military colony by the Emperor Trajan in AD 100. Timgad  Image: © UNESCO / Yvon Fruneau M'Zab Valley M'Zab Valley with its five ksour (fortified villages) is a traditional human habitat, created in the 10th century. The ancient urban agglomeration is located in the northern Sahara Desert, 600 km south of Algiers. Tassili n'AjjerOn a vast plateau in south-east Algeria at the borders of Libya and Niger is the strange lunar landscape of the ‘rock forests’ of Tassili n'Ajjer, has an exceptional density of paintings and engravings, and many other prehistoric vestiges. More than 15,000 drawings and engravings record the climatic changes, the animal migrations and the evolution of human life on the edge of the Sahara from 6000 BC to the first centuries of the present era. Timgad (Colonia Marciana Traiana Thamugadi)The Roman military colony north of the Aurès of the massif was founded in 100 A.D. by Trajan. The colony was a "planned city" built out of nothing (ex nihilo), with crosswise aligned streets (cardo and decumanus), Roman urban planning at its height. |
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EducationAbou Bekr Belkaid University Tlemcen Badji Mokhtar University One of the oldest universities in Algeria, located in Annaba. Université d'Alger Algiers oldest university, founded 1909. Université Mentouri - Constantine Constantine |
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EnvironmentFondation Déserts du Monde World Deserts Foundation is an intergovernmental orgainzation with the missions to fight against desertification and poverty, and secondly, the preservation and enhancement of the cultures of peoples of the deserts (site in French). Centre National de Formation Environnemental National Center for Environmental Development (in French) |
History History
of AlgeriaFrom ancient times to recent history of Algeria. Algerian History Timeline of Algeria's history by the Embassy of Algeria, London. History of Algeria Page about Algeria's rich history by Wikipedia. |
 Coin from the time of the Hafsid dynasty (1229–1574) with ornemental Kufic calligraphy. Image: PGHCOM |
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Additional Information on AlgeriaHuman Rights Amnesty International: Algeria Amnesty International Reports. Human Rights Watch: Algeria Press Freedom Reporters sans frontières - Algeria Report about Press freedom in the country. Sources and additional Information on Algeria BBC Algeria: Country profile FAO: Algeria Freedom House: Algeria GlobalEDGE: Algeria The Heritage Foundation: Algeria LexicOrient: Algeria OEC: Algeria The Observatory of Economic Complexity provides economic information about Sudan. Wikipedia: Algeria The World Factbook Algeria CIA World Factbook Sudan country profile. |
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Other Countries of Northern Africa: Egypt | Libya | Morocco | Sudan | Tunisia | Western Sahara Other Countries in the Mediterranean: Albania | Bosnia and Herzegovina | Croatia | Cyprus | Egypt | France | Gaza Strip | Greece | Israel | Italy | Lebanon Libya | Malta | Monaco | Montenegro | Morocco | Portugal | Slovenia | Spain | Syria | Tunisia | Turkey Major Cities in the Mediterranean Region: Alexandria, Algiers, Athens, Barcelona, Beirut, Benghazi, Cairo, Cannes, Casablanca, Damascus, Florence, Istanbul, Jerusalem, Marrakesh, Marseille, Monaco, Montpellier, Naples, Nice, Nicosia, Port Said, Rabat, Rome, Suez, Tel Aviv-Jaffa, Tirana, Tobruk, Tripoli (Libya), Tunis, Valetta, Vatican City, Venice |
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