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Aviation History
1991
1991 - 3091.PDF
WORLD'S AIR FORCES No 2 3 •> I i 2 1 Role Transport Transport Transport Transport VIP VIP Liaison Liaison Benin Force Armees Popular du Benin This small air arm is tailored to transport and liaison duties, and incorporates a presidential flight. Since 1984 some transport aircraft have been operated jointly with the national airline, Transports Aeriens de Benin. Type An-26 Curl C-47 Dakota Do.128-2 DHC-6 Twin Olter Boeing 707-320 Commander 500B AS.350B Ecureuil Alouette II Bolivia Fuerza Aerea Boliviana Bolivia is one of the most unstable and poor countries in the world, and its air force is largely equipped with ageing and often second hand aircraft. Ambitious re-equipment plans in recent years have always been precluded by the lack of funds, exacerbated by the large proportion of the air arm's budget required to maintain the existing fleet of unecon omic aircraft. Ten surplus US Army UH-1H helicopters were acquired in late 1987, and six former USAF C-130A Hercules in mid-1988. The FAB has a requirement for 12 Argentine IA-63 Pampa jet trainers later in the decade. Both the Army and the Navy maintain small air arms, the latter to patrol international borders formed by rivers and lakes, the country having no coastline. Type Air Force F-86F Sabre T-33A/N PC-7 Turbo-Trainer AT-6G Texan SF.260C T-23 Uirapuru/Tangara Cessna 152 Aerobat Cessna 172K/T-41D C-130A/H/L-100-30 Hercules L-188C Electra F27 Friendship 400M CV-440 Metropolitan DC-4 C-47 Dakota IAI-201 Arava/C-212 Aviocar PC-6B Turbo-Porter Sabreliner 60/65A Learjet 25B/25D/35A KingAir F90/200/200C Commander 690 Cessna 402B/404/421B Cessna 185/206/210/310 Bell 212 UH-IH Iroquois Hughes 500M SA.3158/HB.315 Lama/Gaviao Army C.212 Aviocar King-Air 200 Navy AT-6G Texan Cessna U206G Cessna 402C No 4 22 4 3 12+ 12 3/6 5/1/1 1 5 4 ' 2 1/1 16 1/1 1/1/1 1/1/2 2 2/1/1 19/8/2/1 2 19 10 7/8 2 I 2 1 I Role Inrt COIN/Trng COIN/Trng COIN (WFU) Training Training Training Training Transport VIP Transport Transport Transport Transport Transport Transport VIP Survey/VIP Communications Communications Comms/Survey Liaison VIP/Comms Transport COIN/Liaison SAR/Liaison Uti itv VIP Patrol (WFU) Patrol VIP Bophuthatswana Bdphuthatswana Air Force The primary role of this small air arm is to support Defence Force ground units and this resulted in the almost doubling of the strength of the air force during 1990. The expansion also enables the air arm to better fulfil its secondary missions of emergency medical evacuation and disaster relief. Completion of the new base at Mmabatho is due in 1991 and will allow the Bophuthatswana Air Force to com mence its first pilot training programme on the Pilatus PC-7 Turbo-Trainer. Type PC-7 Turbo-Trainer CN-235 C.212 Aviocar PC-6B Turbo-Porter BK.117 Alouette III SA.365N-1 Dauphin Botswana Botswana Defence Force Air Arm The Air Arm took a major step forward in April 1988. when the first of nine No 3 1 2 ' 2 ? 1 Role COIN/T raining Transport Transport Liaison/COIN Liaison Liaison/COIN VIP Strikemasters, believed to be former Kuwait Air Force aircraft, arrived, becoming the air arm's first jet equip ment and enhancing enhancing its attack capability. Further upgrading of the Air Arm took place in 1990 when piston-engined Bulldogs were replaced by PC-7 Turbo-Trainers and Trislander light transports by two additional Defenders. During the same year a new BAe 125 arrived to replace a similar aircraft damaged in 1989, and two more Agusta-Bell 412 helicopters were acquired. An Air Arm re-organisation has increased the number of flying units from three to four. 7 Squadron (Z7) is the Flying Training School, 12 Squadron (Z12) the Air Transport Squadron, 21 Squadron (Z21) the Helicopter Squadron, and 28 Squadron (Z28) the Tactical Fighter Squadron. Type Strikemaster PC-7 Turbo-Trainer BN-2A Defender Skyvan 3M CN-235 BAe 125-800 Cessna 152 Bell 412 AS.350 Ecureuil No 9 7 8 2 2 ' 2 5 2 Role COIN Trng/COIN COIN/Patrol Transport Transport VIP Training Transport/VIP Trng/Comms Brazilian Embraer 312 Tucano Brazil ,Forca Aerea Brasileira The largest and one of the best-equipped air forces in South America, the FAB buys most of its equipment from the country's own aerospace industry. The first Brazilian production AMX was handed over in November 1989. A total of 94 AMXs, including 15 two-seat trainers, is to be purchased, although procurement is being slowed by budget con straints. Up to 150 AMX may ultimately be acquired. In 1986 the FAB announced its intention to acquire 22 refurbished F-5Es and four F-5Fs together with six modernised Mirages, to offset attrition and to- provide a reserve against future losses. The Mirage Ills have been acquired from France, while deliveries of suitable F-5E/Fs from USAF stocks began in October 1988. Update kits for the FAB's existing F-5Es are also to be supplied by the USA, and Dassault is modernising the Mirage fleet. Embraer's new supersonic trainer project, the T-X, has been shelved until the country's economy improves and interest in the IA-63 Pampa continues. Re-engining of 12 S-2 Trackers with PT6A turboprops is to be completed by IMP of Canada under a January 1989 contract. An avionics upgrade package, including radar is to be supplied by Thomson-CSF. The FAB is organised into a number of commands, including air defence, tactical, coastal, transport and training. An integrated air-defence system, using modern radars installed under the DACTA I/II programmes, covers most of Brazil. For tactical purposes the country is divided into seven Comandos Aereos Regionals (COMAR). These regional commands are co-ordinating agencies which direct the aircraft of the operational commands. Forca Aeronaval da Marinha do Brasil In addition to operating ASW helicopters, the Brazilian Navy's carrier, Minas Gerais, operates FAB Trackers which are under naval control when embarked. The Naval Air Arm itself operates no fixed-wing aircraft. 12 new ASW helicopters are required to replace the recently retired frigate-based Wasps, with the Lynx, Dauphin 2, AB-212 and SH-2 Seasprite in contention. Recent reports suggest that four additional Lynx may be purchased and the existing fleet modernised. Aviacao do Exercito Brasileiro The formation of an avaition element was approved in 1986, as part of the Army's 30-year plan which envisages the procurement of 254 utility and 112 reconnaissance helicopters over 20 years. A S246 million contract for 36 Dauphin and 16 Ecureuil helicopters was finally signed in June 1988. and deliveries began in April 1989. The Ecureuils and ten of the Dauphins are being assembled in Brazil, by Helibras. The first 52 machines will initially be based at Taubatc. Sao Paulo, moving to Manaus once they are fully operational. Type Air Force Mirage IIIEBR/DBR (F-103) F-5E F-5B/F AIWAMX(T) EMB-326 Xavante (AT-26) EMB-312 Tucano (T-27) T-25 Universal T-23 Uirapuru S-2A/E Tracker P 16) EMB-IIIA (P-95) Boeing 707-320C KC-130H Hercules C-130E/H Hercules RC-130E Hercules DHC-5A Buffalo (C-115) HS.748 (C-91) EMB-110 Bandeirante (C-95) Boeing 737-200 (VC-96) HS.125 (VC-93/VU-93) Learjet 36A EMB-120 Brasilia EMB-121 Xingu EMB-810C Seneca Caravan I L-42/U-42 Regente AS.332M Super Puma UH-ID/H Iroguois B.206A/B JetRanger(VH-4/0H-4) Hughes 0H-6A HB.350B Ecureuil AS.355F Ecureuil SA.365K Dauphin HB.350-1 Ecureuil Navy Agusta/Sikorsky SH-3D AS.332F Super Puma Lynx 21 Bell 206B JelRanger III HB.350B/AS.355F-2 Ecureuil * Delivery in progress No 16/4 47 4/4 79715* 104 124 120+ 60+ 8/5 21 4 :• 3/5 3 20 12 129 2 '0/2 9/3 10 1 33 9 35+/60+ 7 57 2/4 4 29 '0 36* 16 6/4 5 7 16 9/11 Role Int/T raining Int Training Attack/Training FGA/COIN/Trng Trng/COIN Trng/COIN Training ASW MR Tanker Tanker Transport SAR/Survey Transport Transport Trans/Calib/SAR VIP VIP/Calib VIP/Survey VIP/Transport VIP/Transport VIP/Comms Utility AOP/Liaison Transport Transport/SAR VIP/Trng Training SAR/Trng Liaison/VIP Utility Scout/Recon ASW/SAR Transport/SAR ASW Training Utility Brunei Royal Brunei Armed Forces-Air Wing The Sultan of Brunei signed a $395 million defence agreement in October 1989, which is expected to lead to the expansion of the Air Wing. Although no details of equipment to be purchased have been revealed, the agreement is widely reported to include Hawk 100 advanced trainers. A maritime variant of the CN-235 has apparently been selected and interest shown in C-130H Hercules transports. The Air Wing is organised into three flying units. Based at Berakas Camp is 1 Squadron with Bell 212s for transport, aeromedevac and SAR. BO.105s based at Brunei International Airport (IAS) with 2 Squadron, are armed with door-mounted machine guns and unguided rocket pods. 3 is the Basic Flying Training School, also at Brunei 1AP and is equipped with JetRangers and armed SF-260W WTarriors, the latter having a secondary COIN role. A fourth operational unit is the Para and Airborne Tactical Delivery Unit, which uses 1 and 2 Squadron helicopters for parachuting or abseiling troops into Brunei's dense jungles. TypS SF-2B0W Warrior Bell 212 B0.105CB/CBS Bell 206B JetRanger S-70C Black Hawk Bell 214ST No 2 10/1 5/1 2 1/1 1 Role Trng/COIN Trans/VIP COIN/VIP Training Trans/VIP VIP FLIGHT INTtRNAHONAI 27 November - 3 December, 1991 37
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