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Search: a005900 -id:a005900
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Platonic numbers: a(n) is a tetrahedral (A000292), cube (A000578), octahedral (A005900), dodecahedral (A006566) or icosahedral (A006564) number.
+20
11
1, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 19, 20, 27, 35, 44, 48, 56, 64, 84, 85, 120, 124, 125, 146, 165, 216, 220, 231, 255, 286, 343, 344, 364, 455, 456, 489, 512, 560, 670, 680, 729, 742, 816, 891, 969, 1000, 1128, 1140, 1156, 1330, 1331, 1469, 1540, 1629, 1728, 1771, 1834
OFFSET
1,2
COMMENTS
19, the 3rd octahedral number, is the only prime platonic number. - Jean-François Alcover, Oct 11 2012
All dodecahedral numbers are tetrahedral, so equivalently numbers that are tetrahedral , cubic, octahedral, or icosahedral. - Charles R Greathouse IV, Sep 22 2025
FORMULA
a(n) ~ k*n^3 where k = 1/(6^(1/3) + (3/2)^(1/3) + (2/5)^(1/3) + 1)^3 = 0.00964... is the unique real root of a 27th-degree polynomial. - Charles R Greathouse IV, Sep 29 2025
MATHEMATICA
nn = 25; t1 = Table[n (n + 1) (n + 2)/6, {n, nn}]; t2 = Table[n^3, {n, nn}]; t3 = Table[(2*n^3 + n)/3, {n, nn}]; t4 = Table[n (3*n - 1) (3*n - 2)/2, {n, nn}]; t5 = Table[n (5*n^2 - 5*n + 2)/2, {n, nn}]; Select[Union[t1, t2, t3, t4, t5], # <= t1[[-1]] &] (* T. D. Noe, Oct 13 2012 *)
PROG
(Haskell)
a053012 n = a053012_list !! (n-1)
a053012_list = tail $ f
[a000292_list, a000578_list, a005900_list, a006566_list, a006564_list]
where f pss = m : f (map (dropWhile (<= m)) pss)
where m = minimum (map head pss)
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Jun 17 2013
(PARI) listpoly(lim, poly[..])=my(v=List()); for(i=1, #poly, my(P=poly[i], x=variable(P), f=k->subst(P, x, k), n, t); while((t=f(n++))<=lim, listput(v, t))); Set(v)
list(lim)=my(n='n); listpoly(lim, n*(n+1)*(n+2)/6, n^3, (2*n^3+n)/3, n*(5*n^2-5*n+2)/2) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Oct 11 2016, updated Sep 22 2025
CROSSREFS
Numbers of partitions into Platonic numbers: A226748, A226749.
KEYWORD
easy,nice,nonn
AUTHOR
Klaus Strassburger (strass(AT)ddfi.uni-duesseldorf.de), Feb 22 2000
STATUS
approved
Decimal expansion of the sum of the reciprocals of the octahedral numbers (A005900).
+20
7
1, 2, 7, 8, 1, 8, 5, 1, 5, 9, 0, 9, 0, 9, 4, 6, 1, 7, 9, 5, 4, 0, 3, 9, 0, 9, 4, 8, 3, 6, 7, 5, 7, 1, 3, 3, 8, 4, 2, 3, 9, 0, 1, 5, 3, 6, 8, 5, 1, 4, 0, 2, 0, 2, 0, 1, 7, 0, 3, 4, 6, 3, 8, 0, 4, 1, 6, 5, 7, 9, 9, 9, 1, 8, 3, 0, 6, 2, 0, 8, 2, 4, 4, 1, 8, 3, 6, 3, 2, 4, 5, 2, 0, 5, 0, 0, 7, 9, 6, 2, 3, 0, 5, 3, 9
OFFSET
1,2
COMMENTS
Defined by Sum_{n>=1} 1/A005900(n) = 1/1 + 1/6 + 1/19 + 1/44 + ...
Equals 3*(gamma + Re psi(i/sqrt 2) ) = 3* Re(A001620 + psi(i*A010503)) where psi(i*A010503) = -0.1511539... + i*2.3152942... is a digamma function and i the imaginary unit.
LINKS
EXAMPLE
1.2781851590909461795403909483...
MAPLE
Digits := 120 : 3*(gamma+Psi(I/sqrt(2))); evalf(Re(%)) ;
MATHEMATICA
RealDigits[ 3/2*(2*EulerGamma + Re[PolyGamma[0, 1 - I/Sqrt[2]] + PolyGamma[0, 1 + I/Sqrt[2]]]), 10, 105] // First (* Jean-François Alcover, Feb 11 2013 *)
PROG
(PARI) 3*Euler+3*real(psi(I/sqrt(2))) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Jul 19 2013
(PARI) sumnumrat(3/n/(2*n^2 + 1), 1) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Feb 08 2023
CROSSREFS
Cf. A005900 (octahedral numbers).
Cf. sums of inverses: A152623 (tetrahedral numbers), A002117 (cubes), A295421 (dodecahedral numbers), A175578 (icosahedral numbers).
KEYWORD
cons,easy,nonn
AUTHOR
R. J. Mathar, Jul 15 2010
STATUS
approved
Let Oc(n) = A005900(n) = n-th octahedral number. Consider all integer triples (i,j,k), j >= k > 0, with Oc(i) = Oc(j)+Oc(k), ordered by increasing i; sequence gives k values.
+20
6
5, 17, 191, 1412, 2143, 8393, 5346, 32475, 99234, 158712, 393981, 401023, 514617, 921485, 577350, 910495, 1430793, 3236406, 462236, 4122855
OFFSET
1,1
EXAMPLE
Oc(7) = 231 = Oc(6) + Oc(5); Oc(41) = 45961 = Oc(40) + Oc(17); Oc(465) = 67029905 = Oc(454) + Oc(191)
MATHEMATICA
(* This is just a check of k-values, given i-values *) A053676 = {7, 41, 465, 2732, 3005, 20648, 48125, 94396, 129299, 282931, 789281, 835050, 1241217, 1292143, 1521647, 1603655, 2756953, 4847702, 5128447, 6242598}; r[i_] := Reduce[0 < k <= j && 2*i^3 + i == 2*j^3 + j + 2*k^3 + k, {j, k}, Integers]; A053678 = Table[res = {i, j, k} /. ToRules[r[i]]; Print[res]; res, {i, A053676}][[All, 3]] (* Jean-François Alcover, Dec 07 2012 *)
CROSSREFS
i values are A053676 and j values are A053677.
KEYWORD
nice,nonn
AUTHOR
Klaus Strassburger (strass(AT)ddfi.uni-duesseldorf.de), Feb 16 2000
EXTENSIONS
More terms from Larry Reeves (larryr(AT)acm.org), May 07 2001
a(13)-a(16) from Donovan Johnson, Jun 21 2010
a(17)-a(20) from Donovan Johnson, Sep 29 2010
STATUS
approved
Let Oc(n) = A005900(n) = n-th octahedral number. Consider all integer triples (i,j,k), j >= k > 0, with Oc(i) = Oc(j)+Oc(k), ordered by increasing i; sequence gives i values.
+20
5
7, 41, 465, 2732, 3005, 20648, 48125, 94396, 129299, 282931, 789281, 835050, 1241217, 1292143, 1521647, 1603655, 2756953, 4847702, 5128447, 6242598
OFFSET
1,1
COMMENTS
a(21) > 10^7. - Donovan Johnson, Sep 29 2010
REFERENCES
Pollock, F. "On the Extension of the Principle of Fermat's Theorem of the Polygonal Numbers to the Higher Orders of Series Whose Ultimate Differences Are Constant. With a New Theorem Proposed, Applicable to All the Orders." Abs. Papers Commun. Roy. Soc. London 5, 922-924, 1843-1850.
Dickson, L. E., History of the Theory of Numbers, Vol. 2: Diophantine Analysis. New York: Dover, 2005, cites the Pollock reference.
EXAMPLE
Oc(7) = 231 = Oc(6) + Oc(5); Oc(41) = 45961 = Oc(40) + Oc(17); Oc(465) = 67029905 = Oc(454) + Oc(191)
CROSSREFS
Cf. A005900, A053677 (j values), A053678 (k values).
KEYWORD
nice,nonn
AUTHOR
Klaus Strassburger (strass(AT)ddfi.uni-duesseldorf.de), Feb 16 2000
EXTENSIONS
More terms from Larry Reeves (larryr(AT)acm.org), May 07 2001
a(13)-a(16) from Donovan Johnson, Jun 21 2010
a(17)-a(20) from Donovan Johnson, Sep 29 2010
STATUS
approved
Let Oc(n) = A005900(n) = n-th octahedral number. Consider all integer triples (i,j,k), j >= k > 0, with Oc(i) = Oc(j)+Oc(k), ordered by increasing i; sequence gives j values.
+20
5
6, 40, 454, 2600, 2586, 20175, 48103, 93097, 105805, 265195, 755100, 803007, 1211000, 1111974, 1493421, 1499160, 2622000, 4309280, 5127195, 5574139
OFFSET
1,1
EXAMPLE
Oc(7) = 231 = Oc(6) + Oc(5); Oc(41) = 45961 = Oc(40) + Oc(17); Oc(465) = 67029905 = Oc(454) + Oc(191)
MATHEMATICA
(* This is just a check of j-values, given i-values *) A053676 = {7, 41, 465, 2732, 3005, 20648, 48125, 94396, 129299, 282931, 789281, 835050, 1241217, 1292143, 1521647, 1603655, 2756953, 4847702, 5128447, 6242598}; r[i_] := Reduce[0 < k <= j && 2*i^3 + i == 2*j^3 + j + 2*k^3 + k, {j, k}, Integers]; A053677 = Table[res = {i, j, k} /. ToRules[r[i]]; Print[res]; res, {i, A053676}][[All, 2]] (* Jean-François Alcover, Dec 07 2012 *)
CROSSREFS
i values are A053676 and k values are A053678.
KEYWORD
nice,nonn
AUTHOR
Klaus Strassburger (strass(AT)ddfi.uni-duesseldorf.de), Feb 16 2000
EXTENSIONS
More terms from Larry Reeves (larryr(AT)acm.org), May 07 2001
a(13)-a(16) from Donovan Johnson, Jun 21 2010
a(17)-a(20) from Donovan Johnson, Sep 29 2010
STATUS
approved
Numbers that are sums of one or more consecutive octahedral numbers (A005900).
+20
4
0, 1, 6, 7, 19, 25, 26, 44, 63, 69, 70, 85, 129, 146, 148, 154, 155, 231, 275, 294, 300, 301, 344, 377, 462, 489, 506, 525, 531, 532, 575, 670, 721, 806, 833, 850, 869, 875, 876, 891, 1064, 1156, 1159, 1210, 1295, 1339, 1358, 1364, 1365, 1469, 1503, 1561, 1734
OFFSET
1,3
COMMENTS
The first term that is a sum of consecutive octahedral numbers in more than one way is a(18) = 231 = A005900(7) = 85 + 146 = A005900(5) + A005900(6). Are there any terms that are a sum of consecutive octahedral numbers in three ways? - Robert Israel, Jul 20 2026
LINKS
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Octahedral Number
MAPLE
N:= 10^4: # for terms <= N
Oct:= [seq(n*(2*n^2+1)/3, n=0..floor(fsolve(x*(2*x^2+1)/3=N)))]:
S:= ListTools:-PartialSums(Oct):
select(t -> t <= N, sort(convert({0, seq(seq(S[j]-S[i], i=1..j-1), j=1..nops(S))}, list))); # Robert Israel, Jul 20 2026
KEYWORD
nonn
AUTHOR
Ilya Gutkovskiy, Nov 18 2019
EXTENSIONS
Name clarified by Robert Israel, Jul 20 2026
STATUS
approved
Number of prime factors (with multiplicity) of octahedral numbers (A005900).
+20
2
0, 0, 2, 1, 3, 2, 2, 3, 4, 2, 3, 5, 4, 2, 3, 3, 7, 2, 4, 2, 5, 2, 4, 2, 4, 4, 4, 3, 4, 4, 3, 2, 6, 2, 4, 4, 4, 3, 5, 3, 6, 3, 3, 4, 4, 3, 4, 3, 6, 3, 4, 4, 5, 2, 5, 3, 7, 3, 3, 3, 5, 3, 4, 4, 7, 5, 3, 3, 4, 3, 8, 2, 5, 4, 4, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 7, 5, 3, 3, 5, 3, 3
OFFSET
0,3
COMMENTS
When a(n) = 2, n is a term of A103982: indices of octahedral numbers (A005900) which are semiprimes.
REFERENCES
J. H. Conway and R. K. Guy, The Book of Numbers, New York, Springer-Verlag, p. 50, 1996.
L. E. Dickson, History of the Theory of Numbers, Vol. 2: Diophantine Analysis. New York: Chelsea, 1952.
LINKS
Hyun Kwang Kim, On Regular Polytope Numbers, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc., 131 (2002), 65-75.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Octahedral Number.
FORMULA
a(n) = A001222(A005900(n)), n>0. a(n) = Bigomega((2*n^3 + n)/3), n>0.
EXAMPLE
a(3) = 1 because OctahedralNumber(3) = A005900(3) = 19, which is prime and thus has only one prime factor. Because the cubic polynomial for octahedral numbers factors into n time a quadratic, the octahedral numbers can never be prime after a(3) = 19.
a(4) = 3 because A005900(4) = (2*4^3 + 4)/3 = 44 = 2 * 2 * 11, which has (with multiplicity) three prime factors.
MAPLE
seq(numtheory:-bigomega((2*n^3+n)/3), n=0..100); # Robert Israel, Aug 10 2014
MATHEMATICA
a[n_] := PrimeOmega[n*(2*n^2 + 1)/3]; a[0] = 0; Array[a, 100, 0] (* Amiram Eldar, Oct 11 2024 *)
CROSSREFS
KEYWORD
easy,nonn
AUTHOR
Jonathan Vos Post, Feb 24 2005
EXTENSIONS
More terms from Wesley Ivan Hurt, Aug 11 2014
STATUS
approved
Indices of octahedral numbers (A005900) which are semiprimes.
+20
2
2, 5, 6, 9, 13, 17, 19, 21, 23, 31, 33, 53, 71, 87, 89, 93, 113, 123, 127, 157, 163, 167, 177, 181, 197, 201, 219, 229, 237, 321, 327, 347, 373, 393, 401, 409, 417, 419, 449, 487, 489, 503, 509, 519, 523, 537, 541, 563, 571, 577, 597, 599, 633, 647, 699, 751
OFFSET
1,1
COMMENTS
Because the cubic polynomial for octahedral numbers factors into n time a quadratic, the octahedral numbers can never be prime after a(3) = 19, but can be semiprime (if n is prime and 2*n^2+1 is triple a prime, or if n is triple a prime and 2*n^2+1 is prime). A005900(37) = 33781 = 11 * 37 * 83, three prime factors with same number of digits. A005900(41) = 45961 = 19 * 41 * 59, three prime factors with same number of digits. A005900(57) = 123481 = 19 * 67 * 97, three prime factors with same number of digits. A005900(67) = 200531 = 41 * 67 * 73, three prime factors with same number of digits. A005900(73) = 259369 = 11 * 17 * 19 * 73, four prime factors with same number of digits.
REFERENCES
J. H. Conway and R. K. Guy, The Book of Numbers, New York, Springer-Verlag, p. 50, 1996.
L. E. Dickson, History of the Theory of Numbers, Vol. 2: Diophantine Analysis. New York: Chelsea, 1952.
LINKS
Amiram Eldar, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000 (terms 1..1000 from Harvey P. Dale)
Hyun Kwang Kim, On Regular Polytope Numbers, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc., 131 (2003), 65-75.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Octahedral Number.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Semiprime.
FORMULA
Numbers k such that A005900(k) is a term of A001358.
Numbers k such that A103981(k) = 2.
Numbers k such that A001222(A005900(k)) = 2.
Numbers k such that Bigomega((2*k^3 + k)/3) = 2.
EXAMPLE
93 is in this sequence because A005900(93) = (2*93^3 + 93)/3 = 536269 = 31 * 17299, which is semiprime.
MATHEMATICA
Flatten[Position[Table[(2n^3+n)/3, {n, 1000}], _?(PrimeOmega[#]==2&)]] (* Harvey P. Dale, Jun 17 2013 *)
PROG
(PARI) isok(n) = bigomega((2*n^3+n)/3) == 2; \\ Michel Marcus, Dec 14 2015
CROSSREFS
KEYWORD
easy,nonn
AUTHOR
Jonathan Vos Post, Feb 23 2005
EXTENSIONS
More terms from Harvey P. Dale, Jun 17 2013
STATUS
approved
Sums of exactly three positive octahedral numbers A005900.
+20
1
3, 8, 13, 18, 21, 26, 31, 39, 44, 46, 51, 56, 57, 64, 69, 82, 87, 89, 92, 94, 97, 105, 107, 110, 123, 130, 132, 135, 148, 153, 158, 166, 171, 173, 176, 184, 189, 191, 196, 209, 214, 232, 233, 234, 237, 238, 243, 250, 251, 255, 256, 269, 275, 276, 281, 293, 294
OFFSET
1,1
REFERENCES
Dickson, L. E. History of the Theory of Numbers, Vol. 2: Diophantine Analysis. New York: Dover, 2005, cites the Pollock reference.
Pollock, F. "On the Extension of the Principle of Fermat's Theorem of the Polygonal Numbers to the Higher Orders of Series Whose Ultimate Differences Are Constant. With a New Theorem Proposed, Applicable to All the Orders." Abs. Papers Commun. Roy. Soc. London 5, 922-924, 1843-1850.
MATHEMATICA
lim = 300; oc[n_] := (2*n^3 + n)/3; nmax = Floor[Solve[oc[n] + oc[1] + oc[1] == lim, n][[1, 1, 2]]]; t = Table[ oc[n], {n, nmax}]; Select[ Union[ Flatten[ Outer[ Plus, t, t, t]]], # <= lim &] (* Jean-François Alcover, Sep 08 2011 *)
CROSSREFS
KEYWORD
easy,nonn
AUTHOR
Jonathan Vos Post, Oct 18 2007
STATUS
approved
Decimal expansion of Product_{k>=1} (1 + 1/A005900(k)) (octahedral numbers).
+20
1
2, 6, 0, 4, 1, 6, 7, 7, 5, 1, 3, 7, 9, 5, 2, 1, 3, 5, 3, 9, 4, 9, 9, 2, 1, 5, 3, 9, 1, 8, 3, 4, 2, 4, 1, 6, 7, 3, 9, 8, 1, 1, 6, 8, 7, 2, 8, 2, 2, 2, 2, 6, 0, 1, 1, 3, 5, 4, 6, 4, 3, 3, 5, 7, 4, 0, 2, 0, 5, 8, 6, 0, 3, 6, 5, 2, 3, 6, 9, 2, 2, 8, 0, 2, 0, 5, 4, 8, 1, 7, 3, 6, 1, 2, 5, 1, 8, 1, 2, 4, 7, 5, 6, 5, 1
OFFSET
1,1
LINKS
FORMULA
Equals (cosh((sqrt(5)*Pi)/2)*csch(Pi/sqrt(2)))/sqrt(2).
EXAMPLE
2.60416775137952...
MAPLE
c:= simplify(product(1+1/(n*(2*n^2+1)/3), n=1..infinity)):
evalf(c, 140); # Alois P. Heinz, Oct 13 2025
MATHEMATICA
N[(Cosh[(Sqrt[5] Pi)/2] Csch[Pi/Sqrt[2]])/Sqrt[2], 79]
PROG
(PARI) prodnumrat(1 + 1/('k*(2*'k^2 + 1)/3), 1)
(PARI) cosh((sqrt(5)*Pi)/2)/sinh(Pi/sqrt(2))/sqrt(2)
CROSSREFS
Cf. A005900, A073017 (for cubes), A308666 (for tetrahedral numbers), A156648 (for squares).
KEYWORD
nonn,cons
AUTHOR
Kelvin Voskuijl, Oct 11 2025
STATUS
approved

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