@@ -43,7 +43,11 @@ as much as it can.
    should accept a single parameter, which will be the weak reference object
    itself. *callback* may also be ``None`` or ``NULL``.  If *ob* is not a
    weakly referenceable object, or if *callback* is not callable, ``None``, or
-   ``NULL``, this will return ``NULL`` and raise :exc:`TypeError`.
+   ``NULL``, this will raise :exc:`TypeError` and return ``NULL``.
+
+   .. versionchanged:: next
+      Raise :exc:`!TypeError` if *callback* is not callable, ``None``, or
+      ``NULL``.
 
    .. seealso::
       :c:func:`PyType_SUPPORTS_WEAKREFS` for checking if *ob* is weakly
@@ -59,7 +63,11 @@ as much as it can.
    collected; it should accept a single parameter, which will be the weak
    reference object itself. *callback* may also be ``None`` or ``NULL``.  If *ob*
    is not a weakly referenceable object, or if *callback* is not callable,
-   ``None``, or ``NULL``, this will return ``NULL`` and raise :exc:`TypeError`.
+   ``NULL``, this will raise :exc:`TypeError` and return ``NULL``.
+
+   .. versionchanged:: next
+      Raise :exc:`!TypeError` if *callback* is not callable, ``None``, or
+      ``NULL``.
 
    .. seealso::
       :c:func:`PyType_SUPPORTS_WEAKREFS` for checking if *ob* is weakly
 
@@ -132,6 +132,9 @@ See :ref:`__slots__ documentation <slots>` for details.
    .. versionchanged:: 3.4
       Added the :attr:`__callback__` attribute.
 
+   .. versionchanged:: next
+      Raise :exc:`!TypeError` if *callback* is not callable or ``None``.
+
 
 .. function:: proxy(object[, callback])
 
@@ -151,6 +154,9 @@ See :ref:`__slots__ documentation <slots>` for details.
       Extended the operator support on proxy objects to include the matrix
       multiplication operators ``@`` and ``@=``.
 
+   .. versionchanged:: next
+      Raise :exc:`!TypeError` if *callback* is not callable or ``None``.
+
 
 .. function:: getweakrefcount(object)
 
 
@@ -97,6 +97,7 @@ def test_pyweakref_newref(self):
         # PyWeakref_NewRef() handles None callback as NULL callback
         wr = newref(obj, None)
         self.assertIs(type(wr), weakref.ReferenceType)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, newref, obj, 42)
         log = []
         wr = newref(obj, log.append)
         self.assertIs(type(wr), weakref.ReferenceType)
@@ -116,6 +117,7 @@ def test_pyweakref_newproxy(self):
         # PyWeakref_NewProxy() handles None callback as NULL callback
         wp = newproxy(obj, None)
         self.assertIs(type(wp), weakref.ProxyType)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, newproxy, obj, 42)
         log = []
         wp = newproxy(obj, log.append)
         self.assertIs(type(wp), weakref.ProxyType)
 
@@ -167,6 +167,11 @@ def test_basic_callback(self):
         self.check_basic_callback(create_function)
         self.check_basic_callback(create_bound_method)
 
+    def test_non_callable_callback(self):
+        c = C()
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, weakref.ref, c, 42)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, weakref.proxy, c, 42)
+
     @support.cpython_only
     def test_cfunction(self):
         _testcapi = import_helper.import_module("_testcapi")
 
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+:c:func:`PyWeakref_NewRef` and :c:func:`PyWeakref_NewProxy` now raise
+:exc:`TypeError` if the *callback* argument is not callable, ``None``, or
+``NULL``.
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+:func:`weakref.ref` and :func:`weakref.proxy` now raise :exc:`TypeError` if
+the *callback* argument is not callable or ``None``.
@@ -416,8 +416,15 @@ get_or_create_weakref(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *obj, PyObject *callback)
                      Py_TYPE(obj)->tp_name);
         return NULL;
     }
-    if (callback == Py_None)
+    if (callback == Py_None) {
         callback = NULL;
+    }
+    if (callback != NULL && !PyCallable_Check(callback)) {
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
+                     "callback must be callable or None, not '%T'",
+                     callback);
+        return NULL;
+    }
 
     PyWeakReference **list = GET_WEAKREFS_LISTPTR(obj);
     if ((type == &_PyWeakref_RefType) ||
Original file line number	Diff line number	Diff line change
`@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@`
	`1`	+:c:func:`PyWeakref_NewRef` and :c:func:`PyWeakref_NewProxy` now raise
	`2`	+:exc:`TypeError` if the callback argument is not callable, ``None``, or
	`3`	+``NULL``.
Original file line number	Diff line number	Diff line change
`@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@`
	`1`	+:func:`weakref.ref` and :func:`weakref.proxy` now raise :exc:`TypeError` if
	`2`	+the callback argument is not callable or ``None``.