cpython/Include/unicodeobject.h at 7a9105a380779942bfe45936d074c8181dee14d9 · python/cpython

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#ifndef Py_UNICODEOBJECT_H

#define Py_UNICODEOBJECT_H

#include <stdarg.h>

Unicode implementation based on original code by Fredrik Lundh,

modified by Marc-Andre Lemburg (mal@lemburg.com) according to the

Unicode Integration Proposal. (See

http://www.egenix.com/files/python/unicode-proposal.txt).

Original header:

--------------------------------------------------------------------

* Yet another Unicode string type for Python. This type supports the

* 16-bit Basic Multilingual Plane (BMP) only.

* Written by Fredrik Lundh, January 1999.

* fredrik@pythonware.com

* http://www.pythonware.com

* --------------------------------------------------------------------

* This Unicode String Type is

* By obtaining, using, and/or copying this software and/or its

* associated documentation, you agree that you have read, understood,

* and will comply with the following terms and conditions:

* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its

* associated documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby

* granted, provided that the above copyright notice appears in all

* copies, and that both that copyright notice and this permission notice

* appear in supporting documentation, and that the name of Secret Labs

* AB or the author not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to

* distribution of the software without specific, written prior

* permission.

* SECRET LABS AB AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO

* THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND

* FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL SECRET LABS AB OR THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR

* ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES

* WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN

* ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT

* OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.

* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */

#include <ctype.h>

/* === Internal API ======================================================= */

/* --- Internal Unicode Format -------------------------------------------- */

/* Python 3.x requires unicode */

#define Py_USING_UNICODE

#ifndef SIZEOF_WCHAR_T

#error Must define SIZEOF_WCHAR_T

#endif

#define Py_UNICODE_SIZE SIZEOF_WCHAR_T

/* If wchar_t can be used for UCS-4 storage, set Py_UNICODE_WIDE.

Otherwise, Unicode strings are stored as UCS-2 (with limited support

for UTF-16) */

#if Py_UNICODE_SIZE >= 4

#define Py_UNICODE_WIDE

#endif

/* Set these flags if the platform has "wchar.h" and the

wchar_t type is a 16-bit unsigned type */

/* #define HAVE_WCHAR_H */

/* #define HAVE_USABLE_WCHAR_T */

/* Py_UNICODE was the native Unicode storage format (code unit) used by

Python and represents a single Unicode element in the Unicode type.

With PEP 393, Py_UNICODE is deprecated and replaced with a

typedef to wchar_t. */

#ifndef Py_LIMITED_API

#define PY_UNICODE_TYPE wchar_t

typedef wchar_t Py_UNICODE;

#endif

/* If the compiler provides a wchar_t type we try to support it

through the interface functions PyUnicode_FromWideChar(),

PyUnicode_AsWideChar() and PyUnicode_AsWideCharString(). */

#ifdef HAVE_USABLE_WCHAR_T

# ifndef HAVE_WCHAR_H

# define HAVE_WCHAR_H

# endif

#endif

#if defined(MS_WINDOWS)

# define HAVE_MBCS

#endif

#ifdef HAVE_WCHAR_H

/* Work around a cosmetic bug in BSDI 4.x wchar.h; thanks to Thomas Wouters */

# ifdef _HAVE_BSDI

# include <time.h>

# endif

# include <wchar.h>

#endif

/* Py_UCS4 and Py_UCS2 are typedefs for the respective

unicode representations. */

#if SIZEOF_INT == 4

typedef unsigned int Py_UCS4;

#elif SIZEOF_LONG == 4

typedef unsigned long Py_UCS4;

#else

#error "Could not find a proper typedef for Py_UCS4"

#endif

#if SIZEOF_SHORT == 2

typedef unsigned short Py_UCS2;

#else

#error "Could not find a proper typedef for Py_UCS2"

#endif

typedef unsigned char Py_UCS1;

/* --- Internal Unicode Operations ---------------------------------------- */

/* Since splitting on whitespace is an important use case, and

whitespace in most situations is solely ASCII whitespace, we

optimize for the common case by using a quick look-up table

_Py_ascii_whitespace (see below) with an inlined check.

#ifndef Py_LIMITED_API

#define Py_UNICODE_ISSPACE(ch) \

((ch) < 128U ? _Py_ascii_whitespace[(ch)] : _PyUnicode_IsWhitespace(ch))

#define Py_UNICODE_ISLOWER(ch) _PyUnicode_IsLowercase(ch)

#define Py_UNICODE_ISUPPER(ch) _PyUnicode_IsUppercase(ch)

#define Py_UNICODE_ISTITLE(ch) _PyUnicode_IsTitlecase(ch)

#define Py_UNICODE_ISLINEBREAK(ch) _PyUnicode_IsLinebreak(ch)

#define Py_UNICODE_TOLOWER(ch) _PyUnicode_ToLowercase(ch)

#define Py_UNICODE_TOUPPER(ch) _PyUnicode_ToUppercase(ch)

#define Py_UNICODE_TOTITLE(ch) _PyUnicode_ToTitlecase(ch)

#define Py_UNICODE_ISDECIMAL(ch) _PyUnicode_IsDecimalDigit(ch)

#define Py_UNICODE_ISDIGIT(ch) _PyUnicode_IsDigit(ch)

#define Py_UNICODE_ISNUMERIC(ch) _PyUnicode_IsNumeric(ch)

#define Py_UNICODE_ISPRINTABLE(ch) _PyUnicode_IsPrintable(ch)

#define Py_UNICODE_TODECIMAL(ch) _PyUnicode_ToDecimalDigit(ch)

#define Py_UNICODE_TODIGIT(ch) _PyUnicode_ToDigit(ch)

#define Py_UNICODE_TONUMERIC(ch) _PyUnicode_ToNumeric(ch)

#define Py_UNICODE_ISALPHA(ch) _PyUnicode_IsAlpha(ch)

#define Py_UNICODE_ISALNUM(ch) \

(Py_UNICODE_ISALPHA(ch) || \

Py_UNICODE_ISDECIMAL(ch) || \

Py_UNICODE_ISDIGIT(ch) || \

Py_UNICODE_ISNUMERIC(ch))

#define Py_UNICODE_COPY(target, source, length) \

Py_MEMCPY((target), (source), (length)*sizeof(Py_UNICODE))

#define Py_UNICODE_FILL(target, value, length) \

do {Py_ssize_t i_; Py_UNICODE *t_ = (target); Py_UNICODE v_ = (value);\

for (i_ = 0; i_ < (length); i_++) t_[i_] = v_;\

} while (0)

/* macros to work with surrogates */

#define Py_UNICODE_IS_SURROGATE(ch) (0xD800 <= ch && ch <= 0xDFFF)

#define Py_UNICODE_IS_HIGH_SURROGATE(ch) (0xD800 <= ch && ch <= 0xDBFF)

#define Py_UNICODE_IS_LOW_SURROGATE(ch) (0xDC00 <= ch && ch <= 0xDFFF)

/* Join two surrogate characters and return a single Py_UCS4 value. */

#define Py_UNICODE_JOIN_SURROGATES(high, low) \

(((((Py_UCS4)(high) & 0x03FF) << 10) | \

((Py_UCS4)(low) & 0x03FF)) + 0x10000)

/* high surrogate = top 10 bits added to D800 */

#define Py_UNICODE_HIGH_SURROGATE(ch) (0xD800 | (((ch) - 0x10000) >> 10))

/* low surrogate = bottom 10 bits added to DC00 */

#define Py_UNICODE_LOW_SURROGATE(ch) (0xDC00 | (((ch) - 0x10000) & 0x3FF))

/* Check if substring matches at given offset. The offset must be

valid, and the substring must not be empty. */

#define Py_UNICODE_MATCH(string, offset, substring) \

((*((string)->wstr + (offset)) == *((substring)->wstr)) && \

((*((string)->wstr + (offset) + (substring)->wstr_length-1) == *((substring)->wstr + (substring)->wstr_length-1))) && \

!memcmp((string)->wstr + (offset), (substring)->wstr, (substring)->wstr_length*sizeof(Py_UNICODE)))

#endif /* Py_LIMITED_API */

#ifdef __cplusplus

extern "C" {

#endif

/* --- Unicode Type ------------------------------------------------------- */

#ifndef Py_LIMITED_API

/* ASCII-only strings created through PyUnicode_New use the PyASCIIObject

structure. state.ascii and state.compact are set, and the data

immediately follow the structure. utf8_length and wstr_length can be found

in the length field; the utf8 pointer is equal to the data pointer. */

typedef struct {

/* There are 4 forms of Unicode strings:

- compact ascii:

* structure = PyASCIIObject

* test: PyUnicode_IS_COMPACT_ASCII(op)

* kind = PyUnicode_1BYTE_KIND

* compact = 1

* ascii = 1

* ready = 1

* (length is the length of the utf8 and wstr strings)

* (data starts just after the structure)

* (since ASCII is decoded from UTF-8, the utf8 string are the data)

- compact:

* structure = PyCompactUnicodeObject

* test: PyUnicode_IS_ASCII(op) && !PyUnicode_IS_COMPACT(op)

* kind = PyUnicode_1BYTE_KIND, PyUnicode_2BYTE_KIND or

PyUnicode_4BYTE_KIND

* compact = 1

* ready = 1

* ascii = 0

* utf8 is not shared with data

* utf8_length = 0 if utf8 is NULL

* wstr is shared with data and wstr_length=length

if kind=PyUnicode_2BYTE_KIND and sizeof(wchar_t)=2

or if kind=PyUnicode_4BYTE_KIND and sizeof(wchar_t)=4

* wstr_length = 0 if wstr is NULL

* (data starts just after the structure)

- legacy string, not ready:

* structure = PyUnicodeObject

* test: kind == PyUnicode_WCHAR_KIND

* length = 0 (use wstr_length)

* hash = -1

* kind = PyUnicode_WCHAR_KIND

* compact = 0

* ascii = 0

* ready = 0

* interned = SSTATE_NOT_INTERNED

* wstr is not NULL

* data.any is NULL

* utf8 is NULL

* utf8_length = 0

- legacy string, ready:

* structure = PyUnicodeObject structure

* test: !PyUnicode_IS_COMPACT(op) && kind != PyUnicode_WCHAR_KIND

* kind = PyUnicode_1BYTE_KIND, PyUnicode_2BYTE_KIND or

PyUnicode_4BYTE_KIND

* compact = 0

* ready = 1

* data.any is not NULL

* utf8 is shared and utf8_length = length with data.any if ascii = 1

* utf8_length = 0 if utf8 is NULL

* wstr is shared with data.any and wstr_length = length

if kind=PyUnicode_2BYTE_KIND and sizeof(wchar_t)=2

or if kind=PyUnicode_4BYTE_KIND and sizeof(wchar_4)=4

* wstr_length = 0 if wstr is NULL

Compact strings use only one memory block (structure + characters),

whereas legacy strings use one block for the structure and one block

for characters.

Legacy strings are created by PyUnicode_FromUnicode() and

PyUnicode_FromStringAndSize(NULL, size) functions. They become ready

when PyUnicode_READY() is called.

See also _PyUnicode_CheckConsistency().

PyObject_HEAD

Py_ssize_t length; /* Number of code points in the string */

Py_hash_t hash; /* Hash value; -1 if not set */

struct {

SSTATE_NOT_INTERNED (0)

SSTATE_INTERNED_MORTAL (1)

SSTATE_INTERNED_IMMORTAL (2)

If interned != SSTATE_NOT_INTERNED, the two references from the

dictionary to this object are *not* counted in ob_refcnt.

unsigned int interned:2;

/* Character size:

- PyUnicode_WCHAR_KIND (0):

* character type = wchar_t (16 or 32 bits, depending on the

platform)

- PyUnicode_1BYTE_KIND (1):

* character type = Py_UCS1 (8 bits, unsigned)

* all characters are in the range U+0000-U+00FF (latin1)

* if ascii is set, all characters are in the range U+0000-U+007F

(ASCII), otherwise at least one character is in the range

U+0080-U+00FF

- PyUnicode_2BYTE_KIND (2):

* character type = Py_UCS2 (16 bits, unsigned)

* all characters are in the range U+0000-U+FFFF (BMP)

* at least one character is in the range U+0100-U+FFFF

- PyUnicode_4BYTE_KIND (4):

* character type = Py_UCS4 (32 bits, unsigned)

* all characters are in the range U+0000-U+10FFFF

* at least one character is in the range U+10000-U+10FFFF

unsigned int kind:3;

/* Compact is with respect to the allocation scheme. Compact unicode

objects only require one memory block while non-compact objects use

one block for the PyUnicodeObject struct and another for its data

buffer. */

unsigned int compact:1;

/* The string only contains characters in the range U+0000-U+007F (ASCII)

and the kind is PyUnicode_1BYTE_KIND. If ascii is set and compact is

set, use the PyASCIIObject structure. */

unsigned int ascii:1;

/* The ready flag indicates whether the object layout is initialized

completely. This means that this is either a compact object, or

the data pointer is filled out. The bit is redundant, and helps

to minimize the test in PyUnicode_IS_READY(). */

unsigned int ready:1;

} state;

wchar_t *wstr; /* wchar_t representation (null-terminated) */

} PyASCIIObject;

/* Non-ASCII strings allocated through PyUnicode_New use the

PyCompactUnicodeObject structure. state.compact is set, and the data

immediately follow the structure. */

typedef struct {

PyASCIIObject _base;

Py_ssize_t utf8_length; /* Number of bytes in utf8, excluding the

* terminating \0. */

char *utf8; /* UTF-8 representation (null-terminated) */

Py_ssize_t wstr_length; /* Number of code points in wstr, possible

* surrogates count as two code points. */

} PyCompactUnicodeObject;

/* Strings allocated through PyUnicode_FromUnicode(NULL, len) use the

PyUnicodeObject structure. The actual string data is initially in the wstr

block, and copied into the data block using _PyUnicode_Ready. */

typedef struct {

PyCompactUnicodeObject _base;

union {

void *any;

Py_UCS1 *latin1;

Py_UCS2 *ucs2;

Py_UCS4 *ucs4;

} data; /* Canonical, smallest-form Unicode buffer */

} PyUnicodeObject;

#endif

PyAPI_DATA(PyTypeObject) PyUnicode_Type;

PyAPI_DATA(PyTypeObject) PyUnicodeIter_Type;

#define PyUnicode_Check(op) \

PyType_FastSubclass(Py_TYPE(op), Py_TPFLAGS_UNICODE_SUBCLASS)

#define PyUnicode_CheckExact(op) (Py_TYPE(op) == &PyUnicode_Type)

/* Fast access macros */

#ifndef Py_LIMITED_API

#define PyUnicode_WSTR_LENGTH(op) \

(PyUnicode_IS_COMPACT_ASCII(op) ? \

((PyASCIIObject*)op)->length : \

((PyCompactUnicodeObject*)op)->wstr_length)

/* Returns the deprecated Py_UNICODE representation's size in code units

(this includes surrogate pairs as 2 units).

If the Py_UNICODE representation is not available, it will be computed

on request. Use PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH() for the length in code points. */

#define PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(op) \

(assert(PyUnicode_Check(op)), \

(((PyASCIIObject *)(op))->wstr) ? \

PyUnicode_WSTR_LENGTH(op) : \

((void)PyUnicode_AsUnicode((PyObject *)(op)), \

assert(((PyASCIIObject *)(op))->wstr), \

PyUnicode_WSTR_LENGTH(op)))

#define PyUnicode_GET_DATA_SIZE(op) \

(PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(op) * Py_UNICODE_SIZE)

/* Alias for PyUnicode_AsUnicode(). This will create a wchar_t/Py_UNICODE

representation on demand. Using this macro is very inefficient now,

try to port your code to use the new PyUnicode_*BYTE_DATA() macros or

use PyUnicode_WRITE() and PyUnicode_READ(). */

#define PyUnicode_AS_UNICODE(op) \

(assert(PyUnicode_Check(op)), \

(((PyASCIIObject *)(op))->wstr) ? (((PyASCIIObject *)(op))->wstr) : \

PyUnicode_AsUnicode((PyObject *)(op)))

#define PyUnicode_AS_DATA(op) \

((const char *)(PyUnicode_AS_UNICODE(op)))

/* --- Flexible String Representation Helper Macros (PEP 393) -------------- */

/* Values for PyASCIIObject.state: */

/* Interning state. */

#define SSTATE_NOT_INTERNED 0

#define SSTATE_INTERNED_MORTAL 1

#define SSTATE_INTERNED_IMMORTAL 2

/* Return true if the string contains only ASCII characters, or 0 if not. The

string may be compact (PyUnicode_IS_COMPACT_ASCII) or not, but must be

ready. */

#define PyUnicode_IS_ASCII(op) \

(assert(PyUnicode_Check(op)), \

assert(PyUnicode_IS_READY(op)), \

((PyASCIIObject*)op)->state.ascii)

/* Return true if the string is compact or 0 if not.

No type checks or Ready calls are performed. */

#define PyUnicode_IS_COMPACT(op) \

(((PyASCIIObject*)(op))->state.compact)

/* Return true if the string is a compact ASCII string (use PyASCIIObject

structure), or 0 if not. No type checks or Ready calls are performed. */

#define PyUnicode_IS_COMPACT_ASCII(op) \

(((PyASCIIObject*)op)->state.ascii && PyUnicode_IS_COMPACT(op))

enum PyUnicode_Kind {

/* String contains only wstr byte characters. This is only possible

when the string was created with a legacy API and _PyUnicode_Ready()

has not been called yet. */

PyUnicode_WCHAR_KIND = 0,

/* Return values of the PyUnicode_KIND() macro: */

PyUnicode_1BYTE_KIND = 1,

PyUnicode_2BYTE_KIND = 2,

PyUnicode_4BYTE_KIND = 4

};

/* Return pointers to the canonical representation cast to unsigned char,

Py_UCS2, or Py_UCS4 for direct character access.

No checks are performed, use PyUnicode_KIND() before to ensure

these will work correctly. */

#define PyUnicode_1BYTE_DATA(op) ((Py_UCS1*)PyUnicode_DATA(op))

#define PyUnicode_2BYTE_DATA(op) ((Py_UCS2*)PyUnicode_DATA(op))

#define PyUnicode_4BYTE_DATA(op) ((Py_UCS4*)PyUnicode_DATA(op))

/* Return one of the PyUnicode_*_KIND values defined above. */

#define PyUnicode_KIND(op) \

(assert(PyUnicode_Check(op)), \

assert(PyUnicode_IS_READY(op)), \

((PyASCIIObject *)(op))->state.kind)

/* Return a void pointer to the raw unicode buffer. */

#define _PyUnicode_COMPACT_DATA(op) \

(PyUnicode_IS_ASCII(op) ? \

((void*)((PyASCIIObject*)(op) + 1)) : \

((void*)((PyCompactUnicodeObject*)(op) + 1)))

#define _PyUnicode_NONCOMPACT_DATA(op) \

(assert(((PyUnicodeObject*)(op))->data.any), \

((((PyUnicodeObject *)(op))->data.any)))

#define PyUnicode_DATA(op) \

(assert(PyUnicode_Check(op)), \

PyUnicode_IS_COMPACT(op) ? _PyUnicode_COMPACT_DATA(op) : \

_PyUnicode_NONCOMPACT_DATA(op))

/* In the access macros below, "kind" may be evaluated more than once.

All other macro parameters are evaluated exactly once, so it is safe

to put side effects into them (such as increasing the index). */

/* Write into the canonical representation, this macro does not do any sanity

checks and is intended for usage in loops. The caller should cache the

kind and data pointers obtained from other macro calls.

index is the index in the string (starts at 0) and value is the new

code point value which should be written to that location. */

#define PyUnicode_WRITE(kind, data, index, value) \

do { \

switch ((kind)) { \

case PyUnicode_1BYTE_KIND: { \

((Py_UCS1 *)(data))[(index)] = (Py_UCS1)(value); \

break; \

} \

case PyUnicode_2BYTE_KIND: { \

((Py_UCS2 *)(data))[(index)] = (Py_UCS2)(value); \

break; \

} \

default: { \

assert((kind) == PyUnicode_4BYTE_KIND); \

((Py_UCS4 *)(data))[(index)] = (Py_UCS4)(value); \

} \

} while (0)

/* Read a code point from the string's canonical representation. No checks

or ready calls are performed. */

#define PyUnicode_READ(kind, data, index) \

((Py_UCS4) \

((kind) == PyUnicode_1BYTE_KIND ? \

((const Py_UCS1 *)(data))[(index)] : \

((kind) == PyUnicode_2BYTE_KIND ? \

((const Py_UCS2 *)(data))[(index)] : \

((const Py_UCS4 *)(data))[(index)] \

) \

))

/* PyUnicode_READ_CHAR() is less efficient than PyUnicode_READ() because it

calls PyUnicode_KIND() and might call it twice. For single reads, use

PyUnicode_READ_CHAR, for multiple consecutive reads callers should

cache kind and use PyUnicode_READ instead. */

#define PyUnicode_READ_CHAR(unicode, index) \

(assert(PyUnicode_Check(unicode)), \

assert(PyUnicode_IS_READY(unicode)), \

(Py_UCS4) \

(PyUnicode_KIND((unicode)) == PyUnicode_1BYTE_KIND ? \

((const Py_UCS1 *)(PyUnicode_DATA((unicode))))[(index)] : \

(PyUnicode_KIND((unicode)) == PyUnicode_2BYTE_KIND ? \

((const Py_UCS2 *)(PyUnicode_DATA((unicode))))[(index)] : \

((const Py_UCS4 *)(PyUnicode_DATA((unicode))))[(index)] \

) \

))

/* Returns the length of the unicode string. The caller has to make sure that

the string has it's canonical representation set before calling

this macro. Call PyUnicode_(FAST_)Ready to ensure that. */

#define PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(op) \

(assert(PyUnicode_Check(op)), \

assert(PyUnicode_IS_READY(op)), \

((PyASCIIObject *)(op))->length)

/* Fast check to determine whether an object is ready. Equivalent to

PyUnicode_IS_COMPACT(op) || ((PyUnicodeObject*)(op))->data.any) */

#define PyUnicode_IS_READY(op) (((PyASCIIObject*)op)->state.ready)

/* PyUnicode_READY() does less work than _PyUnicode_Ready() in the best

case. If the canonical representation is not yet set, it will still call

_PyUnicode_Ready().

Returns 0 on success and -1 on errors. */

#define PyUnicode_READY(op) \

(assert(PyUnicode_Check(op)), \

(PyUnicode_IS_READY(op) ? \

0 : _PyUnicode_Ready((PyObject *)(op))))

/* Return a maximum character value which is suitable for creating another

string based on op. This is always an approximation but more efficient

than iterating over the string. */

#define PyUnicode_MAX_CHAR_VALUE(op) \

(assert(PyUnicode_IS_READY(op)), \

(PyUnicode_IS_ASCII(op) ? \

(0x7f) : \

(PyUnicode_KIND(op) == PyUnicode_1BYTE_KIND ? \

(0xffU) : \

(PyUnicode_KIND(op) == PyUnicode_2BYTE_KIND ? \

(0xffffU) : \

(0x10ffffU)))))

#endif

/* --- Constants ---------------------------------------------------------- */

/* This Unicode character will be used as replacement character during

decoding if the errors argument is set to "replace". Note: the

Unicode character U+FFFD is the official REPLACEMENT CHARACTER in

Unicode 3.0. */

#define Py_UNICODE_REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER ((Py_UCS4) 0xFFFD)

/* === Public API ========================================================= */

/* --- Plain Py_UNICODE --------------------------------------------------- */

/* With PEP 393, this is the recommended way to allocate a new unicode object.

This function will allocate the object and its buffer in a single memory

block. Objects created using this function are not resizable. */

#ifndef Py_LIMITED_API

PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject*) PyUnicode_New(

Py_ssize_t size, /* Number of code points in the new string */

Py_UCS4 maxchar /* maximum code point value in the string */

);

#endif

/* Initializes the canonical string representation from a the deprecated

wstr/Py_UNICODE representation. This function is used to convert Unicode

objects which were created using the old API to the new flexible format

introduced with PEP 393.

Don't call this function directly, use the public PyUnicode_READY() macro

instead. */

#ifndef Py_LIMITED_API

PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyUnicode_Ready(

PyObject *unicode /* Unicode object */

);

#endif

/* Get a copy of a Unicode string. */

PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject*) PyUnicode_Copy(

PyObject *unicode

);

/* Copy character from one unicode object into another, this function performs

character conversion when necessary and falls back to memcpy if possible.

Fail if to is too small (smaller than how_many or smaller than

len(from)-from_start), or if kind(from[from_start:from_start+how_many]) >

kind(to), or if to has more than 1 reference.

Return the number of written character, or return -1 and raise an exception

on error.

Pseudo-code:

how_many = min(how_many, len(from) - from_start)

to[to_start:to_start+how_many] = from[from_start:from_start+how_many]

return how_many

Note: The function doesn't write a terminating null character.

#ifndef Py_LIMITED_API

PyAPI_FUNC(Py_ssize_t) PyUnicode_CopyCharacters(

PyObject *to,

Py_ssize_t to_start,

PyObject *from,

Py_ssize_t from_start,

Py_ssize_t how_many

);

#endif

/* Create a Unicode Object from the Py_UNICODE buffer u of the given

size.

u may be NULL which causes the contents to be undefined. It is the

user's responsibility to fill in the needed data afterwards. Note

that modifying the Unicode object contents after construction is

only allowed if u was set to NULL.

The buffer is copied into the new object. */

#ifndef Py_LIMITED_API

PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject*) PyUnicode_FromUnicode(

const Py_UNICODE *u, /* Unicode buffer */

Py_ssize_t size /* size of buffer */

);

#endif

/* Similar to PyUnicode_FromUnicode(), but u points to UTF-8 encoded bytes */

PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject*) PyUnicode_FromStringAndSize(

const char *u, /* UTF-8 encoded string */

Py_ssize_t size /* size of buffer */

);

/* Similar to PyUnicode_FromUnicode(), but u points to null-terminated

UTF-8 encoded bytes. The size is determined with strlen(). */

PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject*) PyUnicode_FromString(

const char *u /* UTF-8 encoded string */

);

/* Create a new string from a buffer of Py_UCS1, Py_UCS2 or Py_UCS4 characters.

Scan the string to find the maximum character. */

#ifndef Py_LIMITED_API

PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject*) PyUnicode_FromKindAndData(

int kind,

const void *buffer,

Py_ssize_t size);

#endif

PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject*) PyUnicode_Substring(

PyObject *str,

Py_ssize_t start,

Py_ssize_t end);

/* Copy the string into a UCS4 buffer including the null character if copy_null

is set. Return NULL and raise an exception on error. Raise a ValueError if

the buffer is smaller than the string. Return buffer on success.

buflen is the length of the buffer in (Py_UCS4) characters. */

PyAPI_FUNC(Py_UCS4*) PyUnicode_AsUCS4(

PyObject *unicode,

Py_UCS4* buffer,

Py_ssize_t buflen,

int copy_null);

/* Copy the string into a UCS4 buffer. A new buffer is allocated using

* PyMem_Malloc; if this fails, NULL is returned with a memory error

exception set. */

PyAPI_FUNC(Py_UCS4*) PyUnicode_AsUCS4Copy(PyObject *unicode);

/* Return a read-only pointer to the Unicode object's internal

Py_UNICODE buffer.

If the wchar_t/Py_UNICODE representation is not yet available, this

function will calculate it. */

#ifndef Py_LIMITED_API

PyAPI_FUNC(Py_UNICODE *) PyUnicode_AsUnicode(

PyObject *unicode /* Unicode object */

);

#endif

/* Return a read-only pointer to the Unicode object's internal

Py_UNICODE buffer and save the length at size.

If the wchar_t/Py_UNICODE representation is not yet available, this

function will calculate it. */

#ifndef Py_LIMITED_API

PyAPI_FUNC(Py_UNICODE *) PyUnicode_AsUnicodeAndSize(

PyObject *unicode, /* Unicode object */

Py_ssize_t *size /* location where to save the length */

);

#endif

/* Get the length of the Unicode object. */

PyAPI_FUNC(Py_ssize_t) PyUnicode_GetLength(

PyObject *unicode

);

/* Get the number of Py_UNICODE units in the

string representation. */

PyAPI_FUNC(Py_ssize_t) PyUnicode_GetSize(

PyObject *unicode /* Unicode object */

);

/* Read a character from the string. */

PyAPI_FUNC(Py_UCS4) PyUnicode_ReadChar(

PyObject *unicode,

Py_ssize_t index

);

/* Write a character to the string. The string must have been created through

PyUnicode_New, must not be shared, and must not have been hashed yet.

Return 0 on success, -1 on error. */

PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyUnicode_WriteChar(

PyObject *unicode,

Py_ssize_t index,

Py_UCS4 character

);

#ifndef Py_LIMITED_API

/* Get the maximum ordinal for a Unicode character. */

PyAPI_FUNC(Py_UNICODE) PyUnicode_GetMax(void);

#endif

/* Resize an Unicode object allocated by the legacy API (e.g.

PyUnicode_FromUnicode). Unicode objects allocated by the new API (e.g.

PyUnicode_New) cannot be resized by this function.

The length is a number of characters (and not the number of Py_UNICODE characters).

*unicode is modified to point to the new (resized) object and 0

returned on success.

If the refcount on the object is 1, the function resizes the string in

place, which is usually faster than allocating a new string (and copy

characters).

Error handling is implemented as follows: an exception is set, -1

is returned and *unicode left untouched. */

PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyUnicode_Resize(

PyObject **unicode, /* Pointer to the Unicode object */

Py_ssize_t length /* New length */

);

/* Coerce obj to an Unicode object and return a reference with

*incremented* refcount.

Coercion is done in the following way:

1. bytes, bytearray and other char buffer compatible objects are decoded

under the assumptions that they contain data using the UTF-8

encoding. Decoding is done in "strict" mode.

2. All other objects (including Unicode objects) raise an

exception.

The API returns NULL in case of an error. The caller is responsible

for decref'ing the returned objects.

PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject*) PyUnicode_FromEncodedObject(

const char *encoding, /* encoding */

const char *errors /* error handling */

);

/* Coerce obj to an Unicode object and return a reference with

*incremented* refcount.

Unicode objects are passed back as-is (subclasses are converted to

true Unicode objects), all other objects are delegated to

PyUnicode_FromEncodedObject(obj, NULL, "strict") which results in

using UTF-8 encoding as basis for decoding the object.

The API returns NULL in case of an error. The caller is responsible

for decref'ing the returned objects.

PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject*) PyUnicode_FromObject(

);

PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyUnicode_FromFormatV(

const char *format, /* ASCII-encoded string */

va_list vargs

);

PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyUnicode_FromFormat(

const char *format, /* ASCII-encoded string */

...

);

#ifndef Py_LIMITED_API

/* Format the object based on the format_spec, as defined in PEP 3101

(Advanced String Formatting). */

PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) _PyUnicode_FormatAdvanced(PyObject *obj,

PyObject *format_spec,

Py_ssize_t start,

Py_ssize_t end);

#endif

PyAPI_FUNC(void) PyUnicode_InternInPlace(PyObject **);

PyAPI_FUNC(void) PyUnicode_InternImmortal(PyObject **);

PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyUnicode_InternFromString(

const char *u /* UTF-8 encoded string */

);

#ifndef Py_LIMITED_API

PyAPI_FUNC(void) _Py_ReleaseInternedUnicodeStrings(void);

#endif

/* Use only if you know it's a string */

#define PyUnicode_CHECK_INTERNED(op) \

(((PyASCIIObject *)(op))->state.interned)

/* --- wchar_t support for platforms which support it --------------------- */

#ifdef HAVE_WCHAR_H

/* Create a Unicode Object from the wchar_t buffer w of the given

size.

The buffer is copied into the new object. */

PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject*) PyUnicode_FromWideChar(

Py_ssize_t size /* size of buffer */

);

/* Copies the Unicode Object contents into the wchar_t buffer w. At

most size wchar_t characters are copied.

Note that the resulting wchar_t string may or may not be

0-terminated. It is the responsibility of the caller to make sure

that the wchar_t string is 0-terminated in case this is required by

the application.

Returns the number of wchar_t characters copied (excluding a

possibly trailing 0-termination character) or -1 in case of an

error. */

PyAPI_FUNC(Py_ssize_t) PyUnicode_AsWideChar(

PyObject *unicode, /* Unicode object */

Py_ssize_t size /* size of buffer */

);

/* Convert the Unicode object to a wide character string. The output string

always ends with a nul character. If size is not NULL, write the number of

wide characters (excluding the null character) into *size.

Returns a buffer allocated by PyMem_Alloc() (use PyMem_Free() to free it)

on success. On error, returns NULL, *size is undefined and raises a

MemoryError. */

PyAPI_FUNC(wchar_t*) PyUnicode_AsWideCharString(

PyObject *unicode, /* Unicode object */

Py_ssize_t *size /* number of characters of the result */

);

#ifndef Py_LIMITED_API

PyAPI_FUNC(void*) _PyUnicode_AsKind(PyObject *s, unsigned int kind);

#endif

/* --- Unicode ordinals --------------------------------------------------- */

/* Create a Unicode Object from the given Unicode code point ordinal.

The ordinal must be in range(0x10000) on narrow Python builds

(UCS2), and range(0x110000) on wide builds (UCS4). A ValueError is

raised in case it is not.

PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject*) PyUnicode_FromOrdinal(int ordinal);

/* --- Free-list management ----------------------------------------------- */

/* Clear the free list used by the Unicode implementation.

This can be used to release memory used for objects on the free

list back to the Python memory allocator.

PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyUnicode_ClearFreeList(void);

/* === Builtin Codecs =====================================================

Many of these APIs take two arguments encoding and errors. These

parameters encoding and errors have the same semantics as the ones

of the builtin str() API.

Setting encoding to NULL causes the default encoding (UTF-8) to be used.

Error handling is set by errors which may also be set to NULL

meaning to use the default handling defined for the codec. Default

error handling for all builtin codecs is "strict" (ValueErrors are

raised).

The codecs all use a similar interface. Only deviation from the

generic ones are documented.

/* --- Manage the default encoding ---------------------------------------- */

/* Returns a pointer to the default encoding (UTF-8) of the

Unicode object unicode and the size of the encoded representation

in bytes stored in *size.

In case of an error, no *size is set.

This function caches the UTF-8 encoded string in the unicodeobject

and subsequent calls will return the same string. The memory is released

when the unicodeobject is deallocated.

_PyUnicode_AsStringAndSize is a #define for PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize to

support the previous internal function with the same behaviour.

*** This API is for interpreter INTERNAL USE ONLY and will likely

*** be removed or changed in the future.

*** If you need to access the Unicode object as UTF-8 bytes string,

*** please use PyUnicode_AsUTF8String() instead.

#ifndef Py_LIMITED_API

PyAPI_FUNC(char *) PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(

PyObject *unicode,

Py_ssize_t *size);

#define _PyUnicode_AsStringAndSize PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize

#endif

/* Returns a pointer to the default encoding (UTF-8) of the

Unicode object unicode.

Like PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(), this also caches the UTF-8 representation

in the unicodeobject.

_PyUnicode_AsString is a #define for PyUnicode_AsUTF8 to

support the previous internal function with the same behaviour.

Use of this API is DEPRECATED since no size information can be

extracted from the returned data.

*** This API is for interpreter INTERNAL USE ONLY and will likely

*** be removed or changed for Python 3.1.

*** If you need to access the Unicode object as UTF-8 bytes string,

*** please use PyUnicode_AsUTF8String() instead.

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