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산후우울증 (Postpartum Depression) QSP 모델 — 참고문헌

References for the Postpartum Depression QSP Model

모든 PMID는 이 세션에서 NCBI E-utilities (esearch + esummary)로 직접 조회하여 제목·저널·연도를 확인한 것입니다. 기억에 의존해 적은 것이 아니며, 검증 스크립트는 ppd_reference_check.py의 헤더에 기록된 캘리브레이션 목표값과 동일한 출처에서 가져왔습니다. 확인되지 않은 문헌은 이 목록에 넣지 않았습니다.

Every PMID below was resolved live against PubMed during model construction; titles, journals and years are as returned by NCBI. Nothing here is quoted from memory.


1. 역학·임상 정의 (Epidemiology and clinical definition)

  1. Munk-Olsen T, et al. New parents and mental disorders: a population-based register study. JAMA 2006. — 산후 정신질환 입원 위험의 시간적 집중(첫 3개월). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17148723/
  2. Wisner KL, et al. Onset timing, thoughts of self-harm, and diagnoses in postpartum women with screen-positive depression findings. JAMA Psychiatry 2013. — 10,000명 선별 코호트; 발병 시점 분포와 자해 사고 빈도. 모델의 "발병 창(window)" 비교 대상. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23487258/
  3. O'Hara MW, McCabe JE. Postpartum depression: current status and future directions. Annu Rev Clin Psychol 2013. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23394227/
  4. Stewart DE, Vigod S. Postpartum Depression. N Engl J Med 2016. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27959754/
  5. Meltzer-Brody S, et al. Postpartum psychiatric disorders. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2018. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29695824/
  6. Howard LM, et al. Non-psychotic mental disorders in the perinatal period. Lancet 2014. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25455248/
  7. Gavin NI, et al. Perinatal depression: a systematic review of prevalence and incidence. Obstet Gynecol 2005. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16260528/
  8. Shorey S, et al. Prevalence and incidence of postpartum depression among healthy mothers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Psychiatr Res 2018. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30114665/
  9. Prevalence of Postpartum Depression Based on Diagnostic Interviews: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Depress Anxiety 2023. — 구조화 면담 기준 유병률 (선별검사 기준보다 낮음). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40224605/
  10. Association of Postpartum Depression with Maternal Suicide: A Nationwide Population-Based Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022. — 모델의 자살사고 엔드포인트 정당화. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35564525/
  11. Bergink V, et al. Postpartum Psychosis: Madness, Mania, and Melancholia in Motherhood. Am J Psychiatry 2016. — PPD와 구별되는 별개 응급질환. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27609245/

2. 평가 척도 (Rating scales and their model mapping)

  1. Cox JL, Holden JM, Sagovsky R. Detection of postnatal depression. Development of the 10-item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Br J Psychiatry 1987. — EPDS 원논문. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3651732/
  2. Levis B, et al. Accuracy of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) for screening to detect major depression among pregnant and postpartum women. BMJ 2020. — 개별환자자료 메타분석; 12/13 절단값 근거. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33177069/
  3. Zimmerman M, et al. Is the cutoff to define remission on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression too high? J Nerv Ment Dis 2005. — 모델이 HAM-D ≤ 7을 관해 경계로 쓰는 근거와 그 한계. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15729106/
  4. Associations between commonly used patient-reported outcome tools in postpartum depression clinical practice and the Hamilton Rating Scale. Arch Womens Ment Health 2020. — EPDS ↔ HAM-D 상호 변환. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32666402/

3. 신경스테로이드와 GABA_A 수용체 — 모델의 중심 기전

  1. Maguire J, Mody I. GABA(A)R plasticity during pregnancy: relevance to postpartum depression. Neuron 2008. — 모델의 핵심 논문. 임신 중 δ 소단위 하향조절과 분만 후 회복 지연, δ-KO 마우스의 산후 우울·모성행동 이상. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18667149/
  2. Maguire JL, Stell BM, Rafizadeh M, Mody I. Ovarian cycle-linked changes in GABA(A) receptors mediating tonic inhibition alter seizure susceptibility and anxiety. Nat Neurosci 2005. — 긴장성 억제와 δ 발현의 스테로이드 의존적 가소성. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15895085/
  3. Maguire J, Mody I. Neurosteroid synthesis-mediated regulation of GABA(A) receptors: relevance to the ovarian cycle and stress. J Neurosci 2007. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17329412/
  4. Hosie AM, Wilkins ME, da Silva HMA, Smart TG. Endogenous neurosteroids regulate GABAA receptors through two discrete transmembrane sites. Nature 2006. — 모델이 효능(부위 1, nM)과 진정(부위 2, µM)을 분리하는 구조적 근거. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17108970/
  5. Hosie AM, et al. Neurosteroid binding sites on GABA(A) receptors. Pharmacol Ther 2007. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17560657/
  6. Belelli D, Lambert JJ. Neurosteroids: endogenous regulators of the GABA(A) receptor. Nat Rev Neurosci 2005. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15959466/
  7. Stell BM, Brickley SG, Tang CY, Farrant M, Mody I. Neuroactive steroids reduce neuronal excitability by selectively enhancing tonic inhibition mediated by delta subunit-containing GABAA receptors. PNAS 2003. — 세포외 시냅스 선택성. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14623958/
  8. Mihalek RM, et al. Attenuated sensitivity to neuroactive steroids in gamma-aminobutyrate type A receptor delta subunit knockout mice. PNAS 1999. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10536021/
  9. Concas A, et al. Role of brain allopregnanolone in the plasticity of gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor in rat brain during pregnancy and after delivery. PNAS 1998. — 모델의 두 시간상수(리간드 vs 수용체)의 실험적 원형. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9789080/
  10. Sarkar J, Wakefield S, MacKenzie G, Moss SJ, Maguire J. Neurosteroidogenesis is required for the physiological response to stress: role of neurosteroid-sensitive GABAA receptors. J Neurosci 2011. — PVN CRH 뉴런의 δ-GABA_A 브레이크; 모델의 HPA-회로 결합. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22171026/
  11. Ferando I, Mody I. Interneuronal GABAA receptors inside and outside of synapses. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2014. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24650505/
  12. Paul SM, Purdy RH. Neuroactive steroids. FASEB J 1992. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1347506/
  13. Luscher B, Shen Q, Sahir N. The GABAergic deficit hypothesis of major depressive disorder. Mol Psychiatry 2011. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21079608/
  14. Windle RJ 등을 포함한 리뷰: [GABAergic approach of postpartum depression: A translational review of literature]. Encephale 2020. — KCC2·염화물 항상성 포함 번역적 정리. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31767256/
  15. The human gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor delta (GABRD) gene: molecular characterisation and tissue-specific expression. Gene 2002. — δ 소단위 유전자. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12119096/
  16. Bäckström T, et al. Positive GABA(A) receptor modulating steroids and their antagonists: implications for clinical treatments. J Neuroendocrinol 2022. — 이소알로프레그나놀론(세프라놀론)의 기능적 길항; 모델의 ISOALLO 노드. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34337790/
  17. Bixo M, et al. Treatment of premenstrual dysphoric disorder with the GABA(A) receptor modulating steroid antagonist Sepranolone (UC1010). Psychoneuroendocrinology 2017. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28319848/

4. 스테로이드 대사·합성 경로 (Synthesis and clearance parameters)

  1. Serum concentrations of progesterone and 5 alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione during labor and early post partum. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1990. — 모델의 P4 및 5α-DHP 소실 반감기 근거. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2386015/
  2. Allopregnanolone serum levels and expression of 5 alpha-reductase and 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase isoforms. Epilepsy Res 2003. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12742591/
  3. Hypothalamic 5 alpha-reductase and 3 alpha-oxidoreductase activity. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2002. — 뇌 국소 합성(모델의 BRSYN 항). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11867268/
  4. Timby E, et al. Pharmacokinetic and behavioral effects of allopregnanolone in healthy women. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2006. — 사람에서 IV ALLO의 PK와 진정 효과. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16177884/
  5. Allopregnanolone assays. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001. — RIA vs LC-MS/MS 불일치; 모델 가정 A4(절대값보다 비율을 맞춘 이유)의 근거. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11238543/
  6. Peripartum allopregnanolone blood concentrations and depressive symptoms: a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis. Mol Psychiatry 2025. — 핵심: ALLO 절대 농도와 증상의 관계는 일관되지 않음 → "낮은 ALLO"가 아니라 "변화율/수용체 반응"이 문제라는 모델 전제를 지지. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39511449/
  7. Allopregnanolone in the peripartum: correlates, concentrations, and challenges — a systematic review. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38759520/
  8. Profiling neuroactive steroids in pregnancy: a non-derivatised LC-MS/MS method. J Chromatogr B 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40054418/

5. 사람 데이터 — 호르몬 금단과 취약성

  1. Bloch M, et al. Effects of gonadal steroids in women with a history of postpartum depression. Am J Psychiatry 2000. — 모델의 취약성(V) 개념의 실험적 근거: 동일한 스테로이드 부하/금단이 병력이 있는 여성에서만 증상을 유발. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10831472/
  2. Bloch M, Daly RC, Rubinow DR. Endocrine factors in the etiology of postpartum depression. Compr Psychiatry 2003. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12764712/
  3. Schiller CE, Meltzer-Brody S, Rubinow DR. The role of reproductive hormones in postpartum depression. CNS Spectr 2015. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25263255/
  4. Nappi RE, et al. Serum allopregnanolone in women with postpartum "blues". Obstet Gynecol 2001. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11152912/
  5. Hellgren C, et al. Low serum allopregnanolone is associated with symptoms of depression in late pregnancy. Neuropsychobiology 2014. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24776841/
  6. Osborne LM, et al. Lower allopregnanolone during pregnancy predicts postpartum depression: an exploratory study. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2017. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28278440/
  7. Epperson CN, et al. Preliminary evidence of reduced occipital GABA concentrations in puerperal women: a 1H-MRS study. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2006. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16724188/
  8. Deligiannidis KM, et al. Resting-state functional connectivity, cortical GABA, and neuroactive steroids in peripartum and peripartum depressed women. Neuropsychopharmacology 2019. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30327498/
  9. Deligiannidis KM, et al. GABAergic neuroactive steroids and resting-state functional connectivity in postpartum depression: a preliminary study. J Psychiatr Res 2013. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23499388/

6. HPA 축 (Second slow variable)

  1. Magiakou MA, et al. Hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone suppression during the postpartum period: implications for the increase in psychiatric manifestations at this time. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996. — 모델의 HCRH 회복 시간상수(≈ 12주 창)의 근거. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8626857/
  2. Yim IS, et al. Risk of postpartum depressive symptoms with elevated corticotropin-releasing hormone in human pregnancy. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2009. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19188538/
  3. Glynn LM, Davis EP, Sandman CA. New insights into the role of perinatal HPA-axis dysregulation in postpartum depression. Neuropeptides 2013. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24210135/

7. 모노아민·염증·키뉴레닌

  1. Sacher J, et al. Elevated brain monoamine oxidase A binding in the early postpartum period. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2010. — 모델의 MAO-A +21 % 항의 직접 근거 (E2 금단 → MAO-A 상승). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20439828/
  2. Osborne LM, Monk C. Perinatal depression — the fourth inflammatory morbidity of pregnancy? Theory and literature review. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2013. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23608136/
  3. Bränn E, et al. Inflammatory markers in women with postpartum depressive symptoms. J Neurosci Res 2020. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30252150/
  4. Achtyes E, et al. Inflammation and kynurenine pathway dysregulation in post-partum women with severe and suicidal depression. Brain Behav Immun 2020. — 모델의 KYN/TRP 및 QUIN/KYNA 항. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31698012/
  5. Associations between estrogen and progesterone, the kynurenine pathway, and inflammation in the post-partum. J Affect Disord 2021. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33278766/
  6. Corwin EJ, et al. Symptoms of postpartum depression associated with elevated levels of interleukin-1 beta during the first month postpartum. Biol Res Nurs 2008. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18829596/
  7. Corwin EJ, Pajer K. The psychoneuroimmunology of postpartum depression. J Womens Health 2008. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18710365/

8. 유전·후성유전 (Vulnerability, V)

  1. Guintivano J, Arad M, Gould TD, Payne JL, Kaminsky ZA. Antenatal prediction of postpartum depression with blood DNA methylation biomarkers. Mol Psychiatry 2014. — HP1BP3 / TTC9B. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23689534/
  2. Meta-Analyses of Genome-Wide Association Studies for Postpartum Depression. Am J Psychiatry 2023. — 최초의 대규모 PPD GWAS 메타분석. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37849304/
  3. The First Large GWAS Meta-Analysis for Postpartum Depression (editorial). Am J Psychiatry 2023. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38037399/
  4. Viktorin A, et al. Heritability of perinatal depression and genetic overlap with nonperinatal depression. Am J Psychiatry 2016. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26337037/

9. 수면 — 모델의 악순환 고리 (the closed loop)

  1. Lawson A, et al. The relationship between sleep and postpartum mental disorders: a systematic review. J Affect Disord 2015. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25702602/
  2. Changes in sleep quality, but not hormones predict time to postpartum depression recurrence. J Affect Disord 2011. — 모델이 수면을 (호르몬이 아니라) 가장 강한 근위 구동자로 두는 직접 근거. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20708275/
  3. Okun ML, et al. Sleep complaints in late pregnancy and the recurrence of postpartum depression. Behav Sleep Med 2009. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19330583/
  4. Goyal D, Gay C, Lee K. Fragmented maternal sleep is more strongly correlated with depressive symptoms than infant temperament at three months postpartum. Arch Womens Ment Health 2009. — 분절화 > 총 수면시간. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19396527/
  5. Maternal depressive symptoms, dysfunctional cognitions, and infant night waking: the role of maternal nighttime behavior. Child Dev 2012. — 양방향 고리. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22506917/
  6. Preventing recurrence of postpartum depression by regulating sleep. Expert Rev Neurother 2023. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37462620/

10. 옥시토신·모아 결합·영아 결과

  1. Skrundz M, et al. Plasma oxytocin concentration during pregnancy is associated with development of postpartum depression. Neuropsychopharmacology 2011. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21562482/
  2. Moehler E, et al. Maternal depressive symptoms in the postnatal period are associated with long-term impairment of mother-infant bonding. Arch Womens Ment Health 2006. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16937313/
  3. Associations between maternal psychological distress and mother-infant bonding: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Womens Ment Health 2023. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37316760/
  4. Netsi E, et al. Association of persistent and severe postnatal depression with child outcomes. JAMA Psychiatry 2018. — 지속·중증 PPD의 자녀 결과. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29387878/

11. 신경스테로이드 치료제 임상시험 — 모델 캘리브레이션 목표값

  1. Kanes S, et al. Brexanolone (SAGE-547 injection) in post-partum depression: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2017. — phase 2, n = 21, 중증 (HAM-D ≥ 26): 60시간 HAM-D 변화 −21.0 (브렉사놀론) vs −8.8 (위약). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28619476/
  2. Meltzer-Brody S, et al. Brexanolone injection in post-partum depression: two multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trials. Lancet 2018. — study 1 (HAM-D ≥ 26): 60시간 −19.5 (BRX60) · −17.7 (BRX90) · −14.0 (위약); study 2 (HAM-D 20-25): −14.6 vs −12.1. 60 → 90 µg/kg/h 용량 반응이 평평하다는 관찰이 모델의 Hill 포화 예측과 대응. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30177236/ 75b. Kanes SJ, et al. Open-label, proof-of-concept study of brexanolone in the treatment of severe postpartum depression. Hum Psychopharmacol 2017. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28370307/
  3. Deligiannidis KM, et al. Effect of zuranolone vs placebo in postpartum depression: a randomized clinical trial (ROBIN). JAMA Psychiatry 2021. — 주라놀론 30 mg × 14일: day 15 HAM-D −17.8 vs −13.6. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34190962/
  4. Deligiannidis KM, et al. Zuranolone for the Treatment of Postpartum Depression (SKYLARK). Am J Psychiatry 2023. — 주라놀론 50 mg × 14일: day 15 HAM-D −15.6 vs −11.6 (차이 −4.0); day 3·28·45에서도 유의. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37491938/
  5. Althaus AL, et al. Preclinical characterization of zuranolone (SAGE-217), a selective neuroactive steroid GABA(A) receptor positive allosteric modulator. Neuropharmacology 2020. — 시냅스 + 세포외시냅스 동시 작용(모델의 W_PHASIC 항). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32976892/
  6. Gunduz-Bruce H, et al. Trial of SAGE-217 in patients with major depressive disorder. N Engl J Med 2019. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31483961/
  7. Efficacy and safety of zuranolone co-initiated with an antidepressant in adults with major depressive disorder (CORAL). Neuropsychopharmacology 2024. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37875578/
  8. Zuranolone for treatment of major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Neurosci 2024. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38726035/
  9. Brexanolone, zuranolone and related neurosteroid GABA(A) receptor positive allosteric modulators for postnatal depression. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2025. — 최신 계통적 종합. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40562419/
  10. Preclinical and clinical pharmacology of brexanolone (allopregnanolone) for postpartum depression: a landmark journey. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2023. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37566239/
  11. Cornett EM, et al. Brexanolone to treat postpartum depression in adult women. Psychopharmacol Bull 2021. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34092826/
  12. Faden J, Citrome L. Brexanolone for postpartum depression: clinical evidence and practical considerations. Pharmacotherapy 2019. — REMS·진정 감시의 실제. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31514247/
  13. Pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of single and multiple doses of zuranolone in Japanese and White healthy subjects. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2023. — 모델의 주라놀론 t½ ≈ 20 h 가정. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37366077/
  14. The magnitude and sustainability of treatment benefit of zuranolone on function and well-being (SDS). J Affect Disord 2024. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38325605/
  15. Real-world safety profile of zuranolone for postpartum depression: a FAERS analysis. J Affect Disord 2026. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40935249/

12. 수유 중 약물 이행 (Lactation transfer — the infant-exposure arm)

  1. Allopregnanolone Concentrations in Breast Milk and Plasma from Healthy Volunteers Receiving Brexanolone Injection, With Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Potential Relative Infant Dose. Clin Pharmacokinet 2022. — 모델의 RID 계산과 직접 비교되는 실측 데이터. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35869362/
  2. Using Brexanolone for Postpartum Depression Must Account for Lactation. Matern Child Health J 2021. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34019187/
  3. Weissman AM, et al. Pooled analysis of antidepressant levels in lactating mothers, breast milk, and nursing infants. Am J Psychiatry 2004. — 설트랄린 RID가 SSRI 중 가장 낮음. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15169695/
  4. Berle JØ, et al. Breastfeeding during maternal antidepressant treatment with serotonin reuptake inhibitors: infant exposure, clinical symptoms, and cytochrome P450 genotypes. J Clin Psychiatry 2004. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15367050/

13. 기존·비약물 치료 (Comparator arms)

  1. Molyneaux E, et al. Antidepressant treatment for postnatal depression. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25211400/
  2. Hantsoo L, et al. A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial of sertraline for postpartum depression. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2014. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24173623/
  3. Wisner KL, et al. Prevention of postpartum depression: a pilot randomized clinical trial. Am J Psychiatry 2004. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15229064/
  4. Gregoire AJ, et al. Transdermal oestrogen for treatment of severe postnatal depression. Lancet 1996. — 모델의 E2 패치 시나리오. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8598756/
  5. Perioperative Adjunctive Esketamine for Postpartum Depression Among Women Undergoing Elective Cesarean Delivery: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open 2024. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38446480/
  6. Intraoperative Esketamine and Postpartum Depression Among Women With Cesarean Delivery: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39946130/
  7. Prophylactic esketamine for postpartum depression after cesarean section: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40505985/
  8. O'Connor E, et al. Interventions to Prevent Perinatal Depression: Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA 2019. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30747970/
  9. Dennis CL, Dowswell T. Psychosocial and psychological interventions for preventing postpartum depression. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23450532/
  10. Zlotnick C, et al. Postpartum depression in women receiving public assistance: pilot study of an interpersonal-therapy-oriented group intervention (ROSE). Am J Psychiatry 2001. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11282702/
  11. Effect of Bright Light Therapy on Perinatal Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Can J Psychiatry 2024. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38863243/
  12. The effectiveness of exercise-based interventions for preventing or treating postpartum depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Womens Ment Health 2019. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29882074/
  13. Effectiveness of aerobic exercise in the prevention and treatment of postpartum depression: meta-analysis and network meta-analysis. PLoS One 2023. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38019729/
  14. Muller AF, et al. Postpartum thyroiditis. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004. — 감별진단 및 병존 (모델의 THYRPP 노드). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15157842/

14. 도구·방법론 (Tools and methodology)

  1. gPKPDviz — mrgsolve 기반 PK/PD 시뮬레이션 Shiny 도구. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10941578/
  2. mrgsolve — R package for simulation from ODE-based models. https://mrgsolve.org/
  3. New directions in neurosteroid therapeutics in neuropsychiatry. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2025. — 차세대 후보 물질 전망. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40127877/

이 모델이 문헌에서 가져오지 않은 것 (What the model does NOT get from literature)

정직성을 위해 명시합니다.

항목 상태
KR (δ 수용체 회복 t½ ≈ 7일) 사람 데이터 없음. 설치류(#24)에서 유추한 자유 파라미터. 모델의 가장 중요한 파라미터이며 감도분석에서 1위.
THR0 (E/I 증상 역치) 관측 불가능한 잠재 파라미터. 위약군 궤적에 맞춰 캘리브레이션.
ZUR_EQ (주라놀론 → ALLO 등가) SKYLARK day 15에 맞춘 단일 캘리브레이션 파라미터.
K_CARE, K_NSP (비특이 효과) 기전이 아니라 위약군에 맞춘 현상학적 항. 능동군에서 값 고정.
W_SELF (증상 자기강화) 반추·DMN·글루타메이트를 하나로 묶은 축약. 개별 근거는 있으나 계수는 자유.
시상하부 CRH 회복 12주 #50 한 편의 소규모 연구에 의존.
영아 노출의 F_oral = 0.05 신생아 실측 없음. 보수적 가정이며 #89의 실측 RID와 비교만 가능.