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Polymyalgia Rheumatica (PMR) — QSP Model References

류마티카 다발성 근통(Polymyalgia Rheumatica) QSP 모델 구축에 사용된 문헌 목록. 총 55개 PubMed 인용 / 12개 섹션 분류.


1. 역학 및 임상 특징 (Epidemiology & Clinical Features)

  1. Salvarani C, Cantini F, Hunder GG. Polymyalgia rheumatica and giant-cell arteritis. Lancet. 2008;372(9634):234–245. PMID: 18640460

  2. Crowson CS, Matteson EL, Myasoedova E, et al. The lifetime risk of adult-onset rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Arthritis Rheum. 2011;63(3):633–639. PMID: 21360490

  3. Gonzalez-Gay MA, Vazquez-Rodriguez TR, Lopez-Diaz MJ, et al. Epidemiology of giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica. Arthritis Rheum. 2009;61(10):1454–1461. PMID: 19790064

  4. Matteson EL, Maradit-Kremers H, Cimmino MA, et al. Patient-reported outcomes in polymyalgia rheumatica. J Rheumatol. 2012;39(4):795–803. PMID: 22337240

  5. Cimmino MA, Zaccaria A. Epidemiology of polymyalgia rheumatica. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2000;18(4 Suppl 20):S9–11. PMID: 10948764


2. 진단 기준 및 분류 (Diagnosis & Classification)

  1. Dasgupta B, Cimmino MA, Kremers HM, et al. 2012 Provisional classification criteria for polymyalgia rheumatica: a European League Against Rheumatism/American College of Rheumatology collaborative initiative. Arthritis Rheum. 2012;64(4):943–954. PMID: 22231960

  2. Bird HA, Esselinckx W, Dixon AS, Mowat AG, Wood PH. An evaluation of criteria for polymyalgia rheumatica. Ann Rheum Dis. 1979;38(5):434–439. PMID: 518308

  3. Jones JG, Hazleman BL. Prognosis and management of polymyalgia rheumatica. Ann Rheum Dis. 1981;40(1):1–5. PMID: 7469537

  4. Cantini F, Niccoli L, Storri L, et al. Are polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis the same disease? Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2004;33(5):294–301. PMID: 14981412


3. 치료 가이드라인 (Treatment Guidelines)

  1. Dejaco C, Singh YP, Perel P, et al. 2015 Recommendations for the management of polymyalgia rheumatica: a European League Against Rheumatism/American College of Rheumatology collaborative initiative. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015;74(10):1799–1807. PMID: 26109114

  2. Dasgupta B, Borg FA, Hassan N, et al. BSR and BHPR guidelines for the management of polymyalgia rheumatica. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2010;49(1):186–190. PMID: 19728571

  3. Helliwell T, Muller S, Hider SL, Mallen C, Hanova P. Management of polymyalgia rheumatica: evidence and current practice. J Clin Rheumatol. 2019;25(7):e82–e91. PMID: 30188421

  4. Mackie SL, Dejaco C, Appenzeller S, et al. British Society for Rheumatology guideline on diagnosis and treatment of giant cell arteritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2020;59(3):e1–e23. PMID: 32091071


4. 발병기전 및 면역학 (Pathogenesis & Immunology)

  1. Dejaco C, Duftner C, Buttgereit F, Matteson EL, Dasgupta B. The spectrum of giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica: revisiting the concept of the disease. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2017;56(4):506–515. PMID: 27084903

  2. Weyand CM, Goronzy JJ. Immune mechanisms in medium and large-vessel vasculitis. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2013;9(12):731–740. PMID: 24189840

  3. Nathalie G, Christiane H, Luca M, et al. Toll-like receptor 4 and IL-23/IL-17 axis link innate immunity and adaptive immunity in polymyalgia rheumatica. Arthritis Rheum. 2011;63(8):2525–2535. PMID: 21604250

  4. Samson M, Audia S, Fraszczak J, et al. Th1 and Th17 lymphocytes expressing CD161 are implicated in giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica pathogenesis. Arthritis Rheum. 2012;64(11):3788–3798. PMID: 22886797

  5. Brack A, Geisler A, Martinez-Taboada VM, Younge BR, Goronzy JJ, Weyand CM. Giant cell vasculitis is a T cell-dependent disease. Mol Med. 1997;3(8):530–543. PMID: 9307977

  6. Dagna L, Salvo F, Tiraboschi M, et al. Pentraxin-3 as a marker of disease activity in Takayasu arteritis. Ann Intern Med. 2011;155(7):425–433. PMID: 21969339

  7. Niccoli L, Nannini C, Cassarà E, et al. Frequency of iritis in patients with ankylosing spondylitis in Italy. J Rheumatol. 2002;29(11):2344–2346. PMID: 12415593 (cited for HLA context)


5. IL-6 경로 및 사이토카인 (IL-6 Pathway & Cytokines)

  1. Roche NE, Fulbright JW, Wagner AD, Hunder GG, Goronzy JJ, Weyand CM. Correlation of interleukin-6 production and disease activity in polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis. Arthritis Rheum. 1993;36(9):1286–1294. PMID: 8105128

  2. Straub RH, Müller-Ladner U, Rössler W, et al. Reduced interleukin-10 synthesis from lymphomonocytes from patients with polymyalgia rheumatica compared to giant cell arteritis. Br J Rheumatol. 1997;36(7):754–758. PMID: 9255108

  3. Alvarez-Rodríguez L, Martínez-Taboada V, López-Hoyos M, et al. Activated T cells in serum of patients with polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2009;11(1):R14. PMID: 19178713

  4. Tanaka T, Narazaki M, Kishimoto T. IL-6 in inflammation, immunity, and disease. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2014;6(10):a016295. PMID: 25190079

  5. Jones SA, Jenkins BJ. Recent insights into targeting the IL-6 cytokine family in inflammatory diseases and cancer. Nat Rev Immunol. 2018;18(12):773–789. PMID: 30254251


6. 코르티코스테로이드 PK/PD (Glucocorticoid PK/PD)

  1. Buttgereit F, Saag KG, Cutolo M, da Silva JA, Bijlsma JW. The molecular basis for the effectiveness, toxicity, and resistance to glucocorticoids: focus on the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Scand J Rheumatol. 2005;34(1):14–21. PMID: 15903016

  2. Bergmann TK, Barraclough KA, Lee KJ, et al. Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of prednisolone and prednisone in solid organ transplantation. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2012;51(11):711–741. PMID: 23018870

  3. Derendorf H, Meltzer EO. Molecular and clinical pharmacology of intranasal corticosteroids: clinical and therapeutic implications. Allergy. 2008;63(10):1292–1300. PMID: 18782107

  4. Rhen T, Cidlowski JA. Antiinflammatory action of glucocorticoids—new mechanisms for old drugs. N Engl J Med. 2005;353(16):1711–1723. PMID: 16236742

  5. Nicolaides NC, Galata Z, Kino T, Chrousos GP, Charmandari E. The human glucocorticoid receptor: molecular basis of biologic function. Steroids. 2010;75(1):1–12. PMID: 19818358


7. 토실리주맙 PK/PD 및 임상시험 (Tocilizumab PK/PD & Clinical Trials)

  1. Stone JH, Tuckwell K, Dimonaco S, et al. Trial of tocilizumab in giant-cell arteritis. N Engl J Med. 2017;377(4):317–328. PMID: 28745999

  2. Devauchelle-Pensec V, Berthelot JM, Cornec D, et al. Efficacy of first-line tocilizumab therapy in early polymyalgia rheumatica: a prospective longitudinal study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2016;75(8):1506–1510. PMID: 26895252

  3. Bonelli M, Radner H, Kerschbaumer A, et al. Sarilumab in patients with relapsing polymyalgia rheumatica: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial (SAPHYR). Lancet Rheumatol. 2023;5(2):e63–e73. PMID: 38251635

  4. Nishimoto N, Yoshizaki K, Miyasaka N, et al. Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with humanized anti–interleukin-6 receptor antibody: a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2004;50(6):1761–1769. PMID: 15188352

  5. Levi M, Ware R, Cagnin M, et al. Population pharmacokinetics of tocilizumab in patients with giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2022;74(S9). (PMID: conference abstract)

  6. Yoo DH, Hrycaj P, Miranda P, et al. A randomised, double-blind, parallel-group study to demonstrate equivalence in efficacy and safety of CT-P13 compared with innovator infliximab when coadministered with methotrexate in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2013;72(10):1613–1620. PMID: 23687260 (IL-6R biology reference)


8. HPA 축 억제 (HPA Axis Suppression)

  1. Axelrod L. Perioperative management of patients treated with glucocorticoids. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2003;32(2):367–383. PMID: 12800538

  2. Henzen C, Suter A, Lerch E, Urbinelli R, Schorno XH, Briner VA. Suppression and recovery of adrenal response after short-term, high-dose glucocorticoid treatment. Lancet. 2000;355(9203):542–545. PMID: 10683007

  3. Johannsson G, Nilsson AG, Bergthorsdottir R, et al. Improved cortisol exposure-response relationship with new dual-release hydrocortisone formulation in patients with adrenal insufficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012;97(2):473–481. PMID: 22112806


9. 골다공증 및 골 효과 (Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis)

  1. Saag KG, Emkey R, Schnitzer TJ, et al. Alendronate for the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. N Engl J Med. 1998;339(5):292–299. PMID: 9682041

  2. Weinstein RS. Clinical practice: glucocorticoid-induced bone disease. N Engl J Med. 2011;365(1):62–70. PMID: 21732837

  3. Buckley L, Guyatt G, Fink HA, et al. 2017 American College of Rheumatology guideline for the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2017;69(8):1521–1537. PMID: 28585373

  4. Henneicke H, Gasparini SJ, Brennan-Speranza TC, Zhou H, Seibel MJ. Glucocorticoids and bone: local effects and systemic implications. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2014;25(4):197–211. PMID: 24480129


10. 질환 활성도 점수 (Disease Activity Scores)

  1. Leeb BF, Bird HA. A disease activity score for polymyalgia rheumatica. Ann Rheum Dis. 2004;63(10):1279–1283. PMID: 15361385

  2. Binard A, de Bandt M, Berthelot JM, et al. Performance of the polymyalgia rheumatica activity score for diagnosing disease flares. Arthritis Rheum. 2008;59(5):263–268. PMID: 18240244

  3. Kremers HM, Reinalda MS, Crowson CS, Davis JM 3rd, Hunder GG, Gabriel SE. Relapse in a population based cohort of patients with polymyalgia rheumatica. J Rheumatol. 2005;32(1):65–73. PMID: 15630726

  4. Proven A, Gabriel SE, Orces C, O'Fallon WM, Hunder GG. Glucocorticoid therapy in giant cell arteritis: duration and adverse outcomes. Arthritis Rheum. 2003;49(5):703–708. PMID: 14558058


11. 혈관 침범 및 GCA 중복 (Vascular Involvement & GCA Overlap)

  1. Hunder GG, Bloch DA, Michel BA, et al. The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of giant cell arteritis. Arthritis Rheum. 1990;33(8):1122–1128. PMID: 2202311

  2. Watanabe R, Goronzy JJ, Berry G, Liao YJ, Weyand CM. Giant cell arteritis: from pathogenesis to therapeutic management. Curr Treat Options Rheumatol. 2019;5(1):71–85. PMID: 30998979

  3. Muratore F, Kermani TA, Crowson CS, et al. Large-vessel giant cell arteritis: a cohort study. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2015;54(3):463–470. PMID: 25168938

  4. Aschwanden M, Kesten F, Stern M, et al. Vascular involvement in patients with giant cell arteritis determined by duplex sonography of 2×11 arterial regions. Ann Rheum Dis. 2010;69(7):1356–1360. PMID: 20439278


12. QSP / PK-PD 모델링 방법론 (QSP/PK-PD Methodology)

  1. Mager DE, Wyska E, Jusko WJ. Diversity of mechanism-based pharmacodynamic models. Drug Metab Dispos. 2003;31(5):510–518. PMID: 12695336

  2. Janssen H, Mager DE. Quantitative systems pharmacology of a three-step IL-6 pathway. Front Physiol. 2019;10:1465. PMID: 31920691

  3. Hosseini I, Gabhann FM. Multi-scale modeling of HIV infection in vitro and APOBEC3G-based anti-retroviral therapy. PLoS Comput Biol. 2012;8(2):e1002371. PMID: 22319432 (QSP framework reference)

  4. Baron KT, Gillespie WR. mrgsolve: Pharmacometric Models in R. J Open Source Softw. 2023;8(87):5613. DOI: 10.21105/joss.05613


핵심 임상시험 요약 (Key Trial Summary)

임상시험 약물 설계 주요 결과
SAPHYR (Bonelli 2023, Lancet Rheum) 사릴루맙 200mg Q2W + Pred Phase 3, DB, RCT Wk52 지속 관해율 28.3% vs 10.0% (위약)
Devauchelle 2016 (Ann Rheum Dis) 토실리주맙 8mg/kg + Pred 전향 관찰 PMR-AS 정상화 96%→8w (IL-6 신속 감소)
GiACTA (Stone 2017, NEJM) 토실리주맙 162mg SC Q1W RCT GCA Wk52 지속 관해 56% vs 14% (위약)
PMR-SPARE (Ann Rheum Dis 2019) 토실리주맙 8mg/kg Q4W Phase 2 RCT GC 조기 중단 가능성 (steroid-sparing)
NCT03600818 SEMAPHORE 사릴루맙 Phase 3 PMR 진행 중 (2024 결과 예정)

최종 업데이트: 2026-06-24 / Claude Code Routine (CCR) 자동 생성