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소아 근시 진행 (Progressive Myopia) — 참고문헌

Progressive (school) Myopia and its Pharmacological / Optical Control — References

총 219편. 모든 항목은 NCBI E-utilities(esearch → esummary)로 PubMed를 직접 조회하여 반환된 레코드만 기록한 것입니다. 제목·저널·연도·PMID는 모두 PubMed가 반환한 값이며, 기억에 의존해 작성한 인용은 하나도 없습니다. 조회에 실패한 검색어 33건은 아래 마지막 절에 그대로 남겨 두었습니다.

Every entry below was retrieved live from PubMed via NCBI E-utilities and is reproduced from the returned record. Nothing was written from memory.


1. 역학과 질병 부담 (Epidemiology & Burden)

  1. Wu H et al. Biomarker changes of choroidal architecture preceding myopia onset in Chinese school children: a 3-year prospective cohort study. Br J Ophthalmol 2026. PMID 41690696
  2. Hu X et al. Impact of 'Double Reduction' policy on the trend of myopia in school-aged children in Eastern China. J Glob Health 2025. PMID 39946561
  3. Liu YL et al. Axial length normative data and percentile curves for schoolchildren in Taiwan: A tool for myopia monitoring. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2025. PMID 40539728
  4. Demir P et al. Incidence of myopia in Swedish schoolchildren: A longitudinal study. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2024. PMID 38953568
  5. Cai T et al. Complex Interplay Between COVID-19 Lockdown and Myopic Progression. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022. PMID 35386915
  6. Sankaridurg P et al. IMI Impact of Myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021. PMID 33909036
  7. Wang J et al. Progression of Myopia in School-Aged Children After COVID-19 Home Confinement. JAMA Ophthalmol 2021. PMID 33443542
  8. Baird PN et al. Myopia. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2020. PMID 33328468
  9. Bremond-Gignac D. [Myopia in children]. Med Sci (Paris) 2020. PMID 32821053
  10. Holden BA et al. Global Prevalence of Myopia and High Myopia and Temporal Trends from 2000 through 2050. Ophthalmology 2016. PMID 26875007
  11. Rudnicka AR et al. Global variations and time trends in the prevalence of childhood myopia, a systematic review and quantitative meta-analysis: implications for aetiology and early prevention. Br J Ophthalmol 2016. PMID 26802174
  12. French AN et al. Prevalence and 5- to 6-year incidence and progression of myopia and hyperopia in Australian schoolchildren. Ophthalmology 2013. PMID 23522969
  13. Lim LS et al. Dietary factors, myopia, and axial dimensions in children. Ophthalmology 2010. PMID 20079928
  14. Vitale S et al. Increased prevalence of myopia in the United States between 1971-1972 and 1999-2004. Arch Ophthalmol 2009. PMID 20008719

2. 자연사 · 생체계측 · 굴절 발달 (Natural History, Biometry, Refractive Development)

  1. Saluja G et al. Childhood Myopia and Ocular Development. ** 2026. PMID 36508524
  2. Rozema JJ et al. Refractive development III: Variations in emmetropia and ametropia. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2025. PMID 40388414
  3. He X et al. Normative data and percentile curves for axial length and axial length/corneal curvature in Chinese children and adolescents aged 4-18 years. Br J Ophthalmol 2023. PMID 34531198
  4. Sanz Diez P et al. LMS parameters, percentile, and Z-score growth curves for axial length in Chinese schoolchildren in Wuhan. Sci Rep 2022. PMID 35318391
  5. Chamberlain P et al. Axial length targets for myopia control. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2021. PMID 33951213
  6. Truckenbrod C et al. Longitudinal analysis of axial length growth in a German cohort of healthy children and adolescents. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2021. PMID 33792977
  7. Chakraborty R et al. Circadian rhythms, refractive development, and myopia. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2018. PMID 29691928
  8. Pope JM et al. Three-dimensional MRI study of the relationship between eye dimensions, retinal shape and myopia. Biomed Opt Express 2017. PMID 28663880
  9. Verkicharla PK et al. Peripheral Refraction, Peripheral Eye Length, and Retinal Shape in Myopia. Optom Vis Sci 2016. PMID 27281680
  10. Iribarren R. Crystalline lens and refractive development. Prog Retin Eye Res 2015. PMID 25683786
  11. Zadnik K et al. Prediction of Juvenile-Onset Myopia. JAMA Ophthalmol 2015. PMID 25837970
  12. Mutti DO et al. Corneal and crystalline lens dimensions before and after myopia onset. Optom Vis Sci 2012. PMID 22227914
  13. Chakraborty R et al. Diurnal variations in axial length, choroidal thickness, intraocular pressure, and ocular biometrics. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2011. PMID 21571673
  14. Twelker JD et al. Children's Ocular Components and Age, Gender, and Ethnicity. Optom Vis Sci 2009. PMID 19650241
  15. Zadnik K et al. Ocular predictors of the onset of juvenile myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1999. PMID 10440246
  16. Gwiazda J et al. Myopic children show insufficient accommodative response to blur. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1993. PMID 8449687

3. 정시화와 디포커스 신호 (Emmetropization & the Defocus Signal)

  1. Vyas SA et al. Effects of transient myopic/hyperopic defocus on myopia development in guinea pigs. Vision Res 2026. PMID 41996762
  2. Bullimore MA. How Have Animal Models Increased our Understanding of Human Myopia?. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2025. PMID 40471574
  3. Ee See Ong D et al. Effects of Blue Light Toward Emmetropization. Cureus 2025. PMID 40786391
  4. Salzano AD et al. Repeated Low-level Red-light Therapy: The Next Wave in Myopia Management?. Optom Vis Sci 2023. PMID 37890098
  5. He X et al. Time Outdoors in Reducing Myopia: A School-Based Cluster Randomized Trial with Objective Monitoring of Outdoor Time and Light Intensity. Ophthalmology 2022. PMID 35779695
  6. Norton TT et al. Tree shrews do not maintain emmetropia in initially-focused narrow-band cyan light. Exp Eye Res 2021. PMID 33711339
  7. Troilo D et al. IMI - Report on Experimental Models of Emmetropization and Myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019. PMID 30817827
  8. Nickla DL et al. The Muscarinic Antagonist MT3 Distinguishes Between Form Deprivation- and Negative Lens-Induced Myopia in Chicks. Curr Eye Res 2015. PMID 25310574
  9. Schaeffel F et al. Animal models in myopia research. Clin Exp Optom 2015. PMID 26769177
  10. Karouta C et al. Correlation between light levels and the development of deprivation myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2014. PMID 25491298
  11. Lan W et al. Intermittent episodes of bright light suppress myopia in the chicken more than continuous bright light. PLoS One 2014. PMID 25360635
  12. Norton TT et al. Light levels, refractive development, and myopia--a speculative review. Exp Eye Res 2013. PMID 23680160
  13. Charman WN et al. Peripheral refraction and the development of refractive error: a review. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2010. PMID 20629956
  14. Rucker FJ et al. Chick eyes compensate for chromatic simulations of hyperopic and myopic defocus: evidence that the eye uses longitudinal chromatic aberration to guide eye-growth. Vision Res 2009. PMID 19383509
  15. Smith EL 3rd et al. Relative peripheral hyperopic defocus alters central refractive development in infant monkeys. Vision Res 2009. PMID 19632261
  16. Smith EL 3rd et al. Effects of foveal ablation on emmetropization and form-deprivation myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007. PMID 17724167
  17. Tse DY et al. Simultaneous defocus integration during refractive development. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007. PMID 18055781
  18. Atchison DA et al. Peripheral refraction along the horizontal and vertical visual fields in myopia. Vision Res 2006. PMID 16356528
  19. Vessey KA et al. Glucagon receptor agonists and antagonists affect the growth of the chick eye: a role for glucagonergic regulation of emmetropization?. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005. PMID 16249465
  20. Wallman J et al. Homeostasis of eye growth and the question of myopia. Neuron 2004. PMID 15312645
  21. Zhu X et al. Potency of myopic defocus in spectacle lens compensation. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003. PMID 12824218
  22. Feldkaemper MP et al. Evidence for a potential role of glucagon during eye growth regulation in chicks. Vis Neurosci 2002. PMID 12688670
  23. Gentle A et al. Modulation of scleral DNA synthesis in development of and recovery from induced axial myopia in the tree shrew. Exp Eye Res 1999. PMID 10068481
  24. Rohrer B et al. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) act as stop and go signals to modulate postnatal ocular growth in the chick. Exp Eye Res 1994. PMID 7925692

4. 도파민 · 아데노신 · 망막 신경화학 (Dopamine, Adenosine, Retinal Neurochemistry)

  1. Liu S et al. Inhibition of Retinal AdoRA2a Activity Attenuates Myopia Progression. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2026. PMID 41533917
  2. Biswas S et al. The influence of the environment and lifestyle on myopia. J Physiol Anthropol 2024. PMID 38297353
  3. Yang J et al. Advances in biomedical study of the myopia-related signaling pathways and mechanisms. Biomed Pharmacother 2022. PMID 34861634
  4. Zhou X et al. Dopamine signaling and myopia development: What are the key challenges. Prog Retin Eye Res 2017. PMID 28602573
  5. Feldkaemper M et al. An updated view on the role of dopamine in myopia. Exp Eye Res 2013. PMID 23434455
  6. Cui D et al. Effects of 7-methylxanthine on the sclera in form deprivation myopia in guinea pigs. Acta Ophthalmol 2011. PMID 19860777
  7. Ashby RS et al. The effect of bright light on lens compensation in chicks. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2010. PMID 20445123
  8. Trier K et al. Systemic 7-methylxanthine in retarding axial eye growth and myopia progression: a 36-month pilot study. J Ocul Biol Dis Infor 2008. PMID 20072638
  9. Nickla DL et al. Inhibiting the transient choroidal thickening response using the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor l-NAME prevents the ameliorative effects of visual experience on ocular growth in two different visual paradigms. Exp Eye Res 2006. PMID 16635488
  10. Nickla DL et al. The effect of the nonspecific nitric oxide synthase inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester on the choroidal compensatory response to myopic defocus in chickens. Optom Vis Sci 2004. PMID 15127930
  11. Iuvone PM et al. Effects of apomorphine, a dopamine receptor agonist, on ocular refraction and axial elongation in a primate model of myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1991. PMID 2016144
  12. Stone RA et al. Retinal dopamine and form-deprivation myopia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1989. PMID 2911600

5. 맥락막 — 빠르고 가역적인 작동기 (The Choroid: the Fast, Reversible Actuator)

  1. De Bernardo M et al. Choroidal thickness postural changes in healthy young adults. Sci Rep 2026. PMID 42471420
  2. Li YX et al. Optical coherence tomography angiography in pediatric myopia: effects of myopia severity on retinal and choroidal thickness and microvascular perfusion. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2026. PMID 42009156
  3. Priscilla JJ et al. Transient ocular effects of red light exposure in young adults. J Optom 2026. PMID 41436324
  4. Flitcroft I et al. Clinical Nomogram for Determining Expected Choroidal Thickness in Children With Myopia. Am J Ophthalmol 2025. PMID 40588206
  5. Nurul-Farhana M et al. Evaluation of choroidal thickness in Malay children with myopia. Med J Malaysia 2025. PMID 40145166
  6. Parida S et al. Effect of Low-Dose Atropine on Choroidal Thickness in Children With Myopia Progression. Cureus 2025. PMID 40673292
  7. Abdellah MM et al. Optical coherence tomography angiography of the macula of high myopia in children and adolescents. Int J Retina Vitreous 2024. PMID 38317246
  8. Meng QY et al. Choroidal thickness, myopia, and myopia control interventions in children: a Meta-analysis and systemic review. Int J Ophthalmol 2023. PMID 36935799
  9. Ostrin LA et al. IMI-The Dynamic Choroid: New Insights, Challenges, and Potential Significance for Human Myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023. PMID 37126359
  10. Xiong R et al. Longitudinal Changes and Predictive Value of Choroidal Thickness for Myopia Control after Repeated Low-Level Red-Light Therapy. Ophthalmology 2023. PMID 36240954
  11. Asmussen A et al. Repeatability and inter-observer variation of choroidal thickness measurements using swept-source optical coherence tomography in myopic danish children aged 6-14 years. Acta Ophthalmol 2022. PMID 34126650
  12. Deng J et al. Effect of Ocular Magnification on Macular Choroidal Thickness Measurements Made Using Optical Coherence Tomography in Children. Curr Eye Res 2022. PMID 36066502
  13. Xie J et al. Choroidal Thickness and Its Association With Age, Axial Length, and Refractive Error in Chinese Adults. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022. PMID 35703547
  14. Ayyildiz T et al. Evaluation of macular, retinal nerve fiber layer and choroidal thickness by optical coherence tomography in children and adolescents with vitamin B(12) deficiency. Int Ophthalmol 2021. PMID 33768408
  15. Prousali E et al. Choroidal thickness and ocular growth in childhood. Surv Ophthalmol 2021. PMID 32634443
  16. Zhang Y et al. RPE and Choroid Mechanisms Underlying Ocular Growth and Myopia. Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci 2015. PMID 26310157
  17. Nickla DL et al. The multifunctional choroid. Prog Retin Eye Res 2010. PMID 20044062
  18. Wildsoet C et al. Choroidal and scleral mechanisms of compensation for spectacle lenses in chicks. Vision Res 1995. PMID 7610579

6. 공막 기질과 생체역학 (Scleral Matrix & Biomechanics)

  1. Hileeto D et al. Scleral Remodeling in Early Recovery from Induced Experimental Myopia. Curr Eye Res 2025. PMID 39713857
  2. Zhu H et al. Decreased scleral Wnt5a(hi) fibroblasts exacerbate myopia progression by disrupting extracellular matrix homeostasis in mice. Nat Commun 2025. PMID 41402314
  3. Grytz R et al. Changing material properties of the tree shrew sclera during minus lens compensation and recovery. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2015. PMID 25736788
  4. Metlapally R et al. Scleral Mechanisms Underlying Ocular Growth and Myopia. Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci 2015. PMID 26310158
  5. Dotan A et al. Scleral cross-linking using riboflavin and ultraviolet-a radiation for prevention of progressive myopia in a rabbit model. Exp Eye Res 2014. PMID 25111424
  6. Wang Q et al. Role of bone morphogenetic proteins in form-deprivation myopia sclera. Mol Vis 2011. PMID 21403850
  7. Liu HH et al. Inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase activity in the chick sclera and its effect on myopia development. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2010. PMID 20130273
  8. Siegwart JT Jr et al. Selective modulation of scleral proteoglycan mRNA levels during minus lens compensation and recovery. Mol Vis 2007. PMID 17960126
  9. Rada JA et al. The sclera and myopia. Exp Eye Res 2006. PMID 16202407
  10. Siegwart JT Jr et al. Selective regulation of MMP and TIMP mRNA levels in tree shrew sclera during minus lens compensation and recovery. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005. PMID 16186323
  11. Jobling AI et al. Isoform-specific changes in scleral transforming growth factor-beta expression and the regulation of collagen synthesis during myopia progression. J Biol Chem 2004. PMID 14752095
  12. McBrien NA et al. Role of the sclera in the development and pathological complications of myopia. Prog Retin Eye Res 2003. PMID 12852489
  13. Siegwart JT Jr et al. The time course of changes in mRNA levels in tree shrew sclera during induced myopia and recovery. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2002. PMID 12091398
  14. Siegwart JT Jr et al. Steady state mRNA levels in tree shrew sclera with form-deprivation myopia and during recovery. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001. PMID 11328721
  15. McBrien NA et al. Scleral remodeling during the development of and recovery from axial myopia in the tree shrew. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2000. PMID 11053267
  16. Rada JA et al. Decreased proteoglycan synthesis associated with form deprivation myopia in mature primate eyes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2000. PMID 10892842
  17. Nickla DL et al. Compensation for spectacle lenses involves changes in proteoglycan synthesis in both the sclera and choroid. Curr Eye Res 1997. PMID 9134320
  18. Guggenheim JA et al. Form-deprivation myopia induces activation of scleral matrix metalloproteinase-2 in tree shrew. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1996. PMID 8641841
  19. Rada JA et al. Visual deprivation upregulates extracellular matrix synthesis by chick scleral chondrocytes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1994. PMID 7512943

7. 아트로핀과 무스카린 약리학 (Atropine & Muscarinic Pharmacology)

  1. Xie J et al. Efficacy and Rebound Effects of Repeated Low-Level Red Light versus High-Concentration Atropine for Myopia Control in Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2026. PMID 41796439
  2. Lawrenson JG et al. Interventions for myopia control in children: a living systematic review and network meta-analysis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2025. PMID 39945354
  3. Lee SH et al. Myopia progression after cessation of atropine in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Pharmacol 2024. PMID 38318144
  4. Lee SH et al. Efficacy and Safety of Low-Dose Atropine on Myopia Prevention in Premyopic Children: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2024. PMID 38592670
  5. Li Y et al. Topical Atropine for Childhood Myopia Control: The Atropine Treatment Long-Term Assessment Study. JAMA Ophthalmol 2024. PMID 38019503
  6. Parrot M et al. Clinical pharmacokinetics of atropine oral gel formulation in healthy volunteers. Clin Transl Sci 2024. PMID 38465519
  7. Zhang XJ et al. Five-Year Clinical Trial of the Low-Concentration Atropine for Myopia Progression (LAMP) Study: Phase 4 Report. Ophthalmology 2024. PMID 38494130
  8. Lanca C et al. Topical Review: Studies on Management of Myopia Progression from 2019 to 2021. Optom Vis Sci 2023. PMID 36705712
  9. Yam JC et al. Effect of Low-Concentration Atropine Eyedrops vs Placebo on Myopia Incidence in Children: The LAMP2 Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA 2023. PMID 36786791
  10. Zhang M et al. Analysis of the reports of low-concentration atropine in controlling myopia in children. J Fr Ophtalmol 2023. PMID 36797093
  11. Lee SS et al. Low-concentration atropine eyedrops for myopia control in a multi-racial cohort of Australian children: A randomised clinical trial. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2022. PMID 36054556
  12. Yam JC et al. Three-Year Clinical Trial of Low-Concentration Atropine for Myopia Progression (LAMP) Study: Continued Versus Washout: Phase 3 Report. Ophthalmology 2022. PMID 34627809
  13. Yam JC et al. The Association of Choroidal Thickening by Atropine With Treatment Effects for Myopia: Two-Year Clinical Trial of the Low-concentration Atropine for Myopia Progression (LAMP) Study. Am J Ophthalmol 2022. PMID 34942105
  14. Upadhyay A et al. Biological Mechanisms of Atropine Control of Myopia. Eye Contact Lens 2020. PMID 31899695
  15. Yam JC et al. Two-Year Clinical Trial of the Low-Concentration Atropine for Myopia Progression (LAMP) Study: Phase 2 Report. Ophthalmology 2020. PMID 32019700
  16. Li FF et al. Low-Concentration Atropine Eye Drops for Myopia Progression. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2019. PMID 31478936
  17. McCrann S et al. Myopia Outcome Study of Atropine in Children (MOSAIC): an investigator-led, double-masked, placebo-controlled, randomised clinical trial protocol. HRB Open Res 2019. PMID 32002514
  18. Yam JC et al. Low-Concentration Atropine for Myopia Progression (LAMP) Study: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial of 0.05%, 0.025%, and 0.01% Atropine Eye Drops in Myopia Control. Ophthalmology 2019. PMID 30514630
  19. Walline JJ. Myopia Control: A Review. Eye Contact Lens 2016. PMID 26513719
  20. Cooper J et al. Maximum atropine dose without clinical signs or symptoms. Optom Vis Sci 2013. PMID 24076540
  21. McBrien NA et al. How does atropine exert its anti-myopia effects?. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2013. PMID 23662969
  22. Arumugam B et al. Muscarinic antagonist control of myopia: evidence for M4 and M1 receptor-based pathways in the inhibition of experimentally-induced axial myopia in the tree shrew. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2012. PMID 22836762
  23. Barathi VA et al. Molecular mechanisms of muscarinic receptors in mouse scleral fibroblasts: Prior to and after induction of experimental myopia with atropine treatment. Mol Vis 2011. PMID 21403852
  24. Tan DT et al. One-year multicenter, double-masked, placebo-controlled, parallel safety and efficacy study of 2% pirenzepine ophthalmic gel in children with myopia. Ophthalmology 2005. PMID 15629825
  25. Siatkowski RM et al. Safety and efficacy of 2% pirenzepine ophthalmic gel in children with myopia: a 1-year, multicenter, double-masked, placebo-controlled parallel study. Arch Ophthalmol 2004. PMID 15534128
  26. Lind GJ et al. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonists inhibit chick scleral chondrocytes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1998. PMID 9804129

8. 광학적 치료 (Optical Interventions: DIMS · MiSight · HAL · Ortho-K)

  1. Bennett H et al. Cost-effectiveness of myopia-control spectacles and contact lenses for children and adolescents in Wales. Cost Eff Resour Alloc 2025. PMID 40468291
  2. Khanal S et al. Childhood Myopia Part I: Contemporary Treatment Options. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2025. PMID 40471570
  3. Maulvi FA et al. Current and emerging strategies for myopia control: a narrative review of optical, pharmacological, behavioural, and adjunctive therapies. Eye (Lond) 2025. PMID 40750999
  4. Schmidt DC et al. Efficacy of interventions for myopia control in children: A systematic review with network meta-analyses. Acta Ophthalmol 2025. PMID 40219611
  5. Yam JC et al. Interventions to reduce incidence and progression of myopia in children and adults. Prog Retin Eye Res 2025. PMID 41109517
  6. Zaabaar E et al. Myopia control strategies: A systematic review and meta-meta-analysis. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2025. PMID 39530399
  7. Bullimore MA et al. Myopia control: Seeing beyond efficacy. Optom Vis Sci 2024. PMID 38546754
  8. Santodomingo-Rubido J et al. A new look at the myopia control efficacy of orthokeratology. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2024. PMID 38906728
  9. Agyekum S et al. Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Myopia Progression Interventions in Children. JAMA Netw Open 2023. PMID 37917061
  10. Lam CSY et al. Long-term myopia control effect and safety in children wearing DIMS spectacle lenses for 6 years. Sci Rep 2023. PMID 37015996
  11. Lawrenson JG et al. Interventions for myopia control in children: a living systematic review and network meta-analysis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2023. PMID 36809645
  12. Zhang G et al. Myopia prevention and control in children: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Eye (Lond) 2023. PMID 37106147
  13. Bao J et al. Spectacle Lenses With Aspherical Lenslets for Myopia Control vs Single-Vision Spectacle Lenses: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Ophthalmol 2022. PMID 35357402
  14. Bao J et al. One-year myopia control efficacy of spectacle lenses with aspherical lenslets. Br J Ophthalmol 2022. PMID 33811039
  15. Chamberlain P et al. Long-term Effect of Dual-focus Contact Lenses on Myopia Progression in Children: A 6-year Multicenter Clinical Trial. Optom Vis Sci 2022. PMID 35086120
  16. Hiraoka T. Myopia Control With Orthokeratology: A Review. Eye Contact Lens 2022. PMID 34860723
  17. Tsai HR et al. Efficacy of atropine, orthokeratology, and combined atropine with orthokeratology for childhood myopia: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. J Formos Med Assoc 2022. PMID 35688780
  18. Lam CSY et al. Defocus Incorporated Multiple Segments (DIMS) spectacle lenses slow myopia progression: a 2-year randomised clinical trial. Br J Ophthalmol 2020. PMID 31142465
  19. Walline JJ et al. Effect of High Add Power, Medium Add Power, or Single-Vision Contact Lenses on Myopia Progression in Children: The BLINK Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA 2020. PMID 32780139
  20. Cho P et al. Myopia and orthokeratology for myopia control. Clin Exp Optom 2019. PMID 30380591
  21. Wolffsohn JS et al. IMI - Myopia Control Reports Overview and Introduction. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019. PMID 30817825
  22. Walline JJ et al. Multifocal contact lens myopia control. Optom Vis Sci 2013. PMID 24061152
  23. Berntsen DA et al. A randomized trial using progressive addition lenses to evaluate theories of myopia progression in children with a high lag of accommodation. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2012. PMID 22205604
  24. Cho P et al. Retardation of myopia in Orthokeratology (ROMIO) study: a 2-year randomized clinical trial. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2012. PMID 22969068
  25. Adler D et al. The possible effect of undercorrection on myopic progression in children. Clin Exp Optom 2006. PMID 16907670
  26. Cho P et al. The longitudinal orthokeratology research in children (LORIC) in Hong Kong: a pilot study on refractive changes and myopic control. Curr Eye Res 2005. PMID 15875367
  27. Gwiazda J et al. A randomized clinical trial of progressive addition lenses versus single vision lenses on the progression of myopia in children. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003. PMID 12657584
  28. Chung K et al. Undercorrection of myopia enhances rather than inhibits myopia progression. Vision Res 2002. PMID 12445849

9. 적색광 치료와 환경 중재 (Red Light Therapy & Environmental Interventions)

  1. French A et al. Time outdoors and the prevention of myopia: School-based implementation works. Taiwan J Ophthalmol 2026. PMID 42549163
  2. Liao X et al. Cone Density Changes After Repeated Low-Level Red Light Treatment in Children With Myopia. JAMA Ophthalmol 2025. PMID 40272813
  3. Liu LP et al. Repeated low-level red-light therapy vs. conventional treatments for myopic control in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2025. PMID 40841455
  4. Zheng Z et al. Efficacy comparison of atropine, orthokeratology and repeated low-level red-light therapy for myopia control in children: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Br J Ophthalmol 2025. PMID 40610049
  5. Kido A et al. Interventions to increase time spent outdoors for preventing incidence and progression of myopia in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2024. PMID 38864362
  6. Ostrin LA et al. Red light instruments for myopia exceed safety limits. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2024. PMID 38180093
  7. Xiong R et al. Myopia Control Effect of Repeated Low-Level Red-Light Therapy Combined with Orthokeratology: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial. Ophthalmology 2024. PMID 38763303
  8. Xu Y et al. Repeated Low-Level Red Light Therapy for Myopia Control in High Myopia Children and Adolescents: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Ophthalmology 2024. PMID 38849054
  9. Youssef MA et al. Efficacy of Repeated Low-Level Red Light (RLRL) therapy on myopia outcomes in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Ophthalmol 2024. PMID 38378527
  10. Tariq F et al. Advances in myopia prevention strategies for school-aged children: a comprehensive review. Front Public Health 2023. PMID 37655278
  11. Zhu Z et al. Interventions recommended for myopia prevention and control among children and adolescents in China: a systematic review. Br J Ophthalmol 2023. PMID 34844916
  12. Jiang Y et al. Effect of Repeated Low-Level Red-Light Therapy for Myopia Control in Children: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial. Ophthalmology 2022. PMID 34863776
  13. Xiong R et al. Sustained and rebound effect of repeated low-level red-light therapy on myopia control: A 2-year post-trial follow-up study. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2022. PMID 36054314
  14. Wu PC et al. Myopia Prevention and Outdoor Light Intensity in a School-Based Cluster Randomized Trial. Ophthalmology 2018. PMID 29371008
  15. Xiong S et al. Time spent in outdoor activities in relation to myopia prevention and control: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Acta Ophthalmol 2017. PMID 28251836
  16. Rose KA et al. Outdoor activity reduces the prevalence of myopia in children. Ophthalmology 2008. PMID 18294691

10. 유전학 (Genetics)

  1. Fehér T et al. Cone dysfunction in ARR3-mutation-associated early-onset high myopia: an electrophysiological study. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2024. PMID 39420435
  2. Liu X et al. Causal relationships between height, screen time, physical activity, sleep and myopia: univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization. Front Public Health 2024. PMID 38966704
  3. Jiang C et al. A multiethnic genome-wide analysis of 19,420 individuals identifies novel loci associated with axial length and shared genetic influences with refractive error and myopia. Front Genet 2023. PMID 37351342
  4. Alvarez-Peregrina C et al. A Bibliometric and Citation Network Analysis of Myopia Genetics. Genes (Basel) 2021. PMID 33801043
  5. Fan Q et al. Genome-wide association meta-analysis of corneal curvature identifies novel loci and shared genetic influences across axial length and refractive error. Commun Biol 2020. PMID 32193507
  6. Ghorbani Mojarrad N et al. Association Between Polygenic Risk Score and Risk of Myopia. JAMA Ophthalmol 2020. PMID 31670792
  7. Hysi PG et al. Meta-analysis of 542,934 subjects of European ancestry identifies new genes and mechanisms predisposing to refractive error and myopia. Nat Genet 2020. PMID 32231278
  8. Pozarickij A et al. Non-additive (dominance) effects of genetic variants associated with refractive error and myopia. Mol Genet Genomics 2020. PMID 32227305
  9. Huang Y et al. A Genome-Wide Association Study for Susceptibility to Visual Experience-Induced Myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019. PMID 30721303
  10. Tedja MS et al. IMI - Myopia Genetics Report. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019. PMID 30817828
  11. Mountjoy E et al. Education and myopia: assessing the direction of causality by mendelian randomisation. BMJ 2018. PMID 29875094
  12. Tedja MS et al. Genome-wide association meta-analysis highlights light-induced signaling as a driver for refractive error. Nat Genet 2018. PMID 29808027
  13. Simpson CL et al. Regional replication of association with refractive error on 15q14 and 15q25 in the Age-Related Eye Disease Study cohort. Mol Vis 2013. PMID 24227913
  14. Verhoeven VJ et al. Genome-wide meta-analyses of multiancestry cohorts identify multiple new susceptibility loci for refractive error and myopia. Nat Genet 2013. PMID 23396134

11. 병적 근시와 합병증 (Pathologic Myopia & Complications)

  1. Carlà MM et al. Longitudinal changes in choroidal thickness in high myopia: Correlation with maculopathy progression and visual outcomes. Acta Ophthalmol 2026. PMID 41206365
  2. Gangappa K et al. PRSS56 acts as an intrinsic retinal signal driving postnatal ocular axial growth and myopia susceptibility. bioRxiv 2026. PMID 41648467
  3. Xiong R et al. Pathologic Myopia Globe Shape and Long-Term Prognosis. JAMA Ophthalmol 2026. PMID 42207540
  4. Zhang XJ et al. Advances in myopia control strategies for children. Br J Ophthalmol 2025. PMID 38777389
  5. Flores-Moreno I et al. Influence of posterior staphyloma in myopic maculopathy and visual prognosis. Eye (Lond) 2024. PMID 37365301
  6. Li J et al. Pathologic myopia in highly myopic patients with high axial anisomyopia. Br J Ophthalmol 2024. PMID 36690422
  7. Ruiz-Moreno JM et al. Posterior Staphyloma as Determining Factor for Myopic Maculopathy. Am J Ophthalmol 2023. PMID 36868340
  8. Igarashi-Yokoi T et al. Prognostic Factors for Axial Length Elongation and Posterior Staphyloma in Adults With High Myopia: A Japanese Observational Study. Am J Ophthalmol 2021. PMID 33309693
  9. Ohno-Matsui K et al. IMI Pathologic Myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021. PMID 33909033
  10. Haarman AEG et al. The Complications of Myopia: A Review and Meta-Analysis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020. PMID 32347918
  11. Bullimore MA et al. Myopia Control: Why Each Diopter Matters. Optom Vis Sci 2019. PMID 31116165
  12. Fang Y et al. Progression of Myopic Maculopathy during 18-Year Follow-up. Ophthalmology 2018. PMID 29371011
  13. Ohno-Matsui K. WHAT IS THE FUNDAMENTAL NATURE OF PATHOLOGIC MYOPIA?. Retina 2017. PMID 27755375
  14. Ohno-Matsui K et al. Updates of pathologic myopia. Prog Retin Eye Res 2016. PMID 26769165
  15. Ohno-Matsui K et al. International photographic classification and grading system for myopic maculopathy. Am J Ophthalmol 2015. PMID 25634530
  16. Verkicharla PK et al. Current and predicted demographics of high myopia and an update of its associated pathological changes. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2015. PMID 26303444
  17. Wong TY et al. Epidemiology and disease burden of pathologic myopia and myopic choroidal neovascularization: an evidence-based systematic review. Am J Ophthalmol 2014. PMID 24099276
  18. Flitcroft DI. The complex interactions of retinal, optical and environmental factors in myopia aetiology. Prog Retin Eye Res 2012. PMID 22772022
  19. Marcus MW et al. Myopia as a risk factor for open-angle glaucoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ophthalmology 2011. PMID 21684603
  20. Hayashi K et al. Long-term pattern of progression of myopic maculopathy: a natural history study. Ophthalmology 2010. PMID 20207005

12. 평가변수 · 방법론 (Endpoints & Trial Methodology)

  1. Xu S et al. Establishment of Myopia Occurrence Prediction Model in Children without Myopia Using Cycloplegic Refraction and Prior Axial Length Change. Ophthalmology 2025. PMID 40516576
  2. Rozema J et al. Emmetropization and nonmyopic eye growth. Surv Ophthalmol 2023. PMID 36796457
  3. Ikeda SI et al. Scleral PERK and ATF6 as targets of myopic axial elongation of mouse eyes. Nat Commun 2022. PMID 36216837
  4. Brennan NA et al. Efficacy in myopia control. Prog Retin Eye Res 2021. PMID 33253901
  5. Jonas JB et al. IMI Prevention of Myopia and Its Progression. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021. PMID 33909032
  6. Nti AN et al. Power profiles of centre-distance multifocal soft contact lenses. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2021. PMID 33295033
  7. Hung GK et al. Eye growth and myopia development: Unifying theory and Matlab model. Comput Biol Med 2016. PMID 26820446

13. 모델링 (Quantitative Modelling)

  1. Rucker FJ et al. Signals for defocus arise from longitudinal chromatic aberration in chick. Exp Eye Res 2020. PMID 32717338
  2. Wu J et al. [Influence of optical defocus and form deprivation on the emmetropization of infant rhesus monkeys]. Yan Ke Xue Bao 2004. PMID 15301111
  3. Flitcroft DI. The lens paradigm in experimental myopia: oculomotor, optical and neurophysiological considerations. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 1999. PMID 10615446
  4. Hung GK et al. Model of human refractive error development. Curr Eye Res 1999. PMID 10415456
  5. Flitcroft DI. A model of the contribution of oculomotor and optical factors to emmetropization and myopia. Vision Res 1998. PMID 9797983

조회 실패 검색어 (Unresolved queries — recorded, not filled in)

아래 검색어들은 PubMed에서 적합한 레코드를 반환하지 않았습니다. 해당 논문이 존재하지 않는다는 뜻은 아니며, 검색어가 부적절했을 가능성이 큽니다. 추측으로 PMID를 채우지 않고 그대로 남겨 둡니다.

  • epi — Morgan Ohno-Matsui Saw myopia Lancet seminar
  • epi — Jiang progression myopia Chinese children 2019 2021 photoscreening
  • sig — Fischer McGuire Stell Light Ohlsson ZENK glucagon amacrine ocular growth
  • sig — Norton Siegwart Light levels myopia tree shrew ambient
  • sig — Mutti Sinnott Peripheral refraction ocular shape children CLEERE
  • dopa — Trier Cui Ribel-Madsen Guggenheim Oral administration caffeine 7-methylxanthine sclera
  • dopa — Stone McGlinn Baldwin Melatonin ocular growth
  • chor — Ye Zhao Choroidal thickness change low-concentration atropine children myopia
  • chor — Nickla choroidal thickness compensation defocus role dopamine
  • scl — Norton Siegwart Light Increased scleral creep tree shrew induced myopia
  • scl — Wu Chen Zhou Scleral hypoxia HIF-1alpha myopia development PNAS
  • scl — Zhao Wu Zhou Scleral HIF-1alpha myopia progression
  • scl — Wang Li Zhang scleral crosslinking genipin form-deprivation myopia guinea pig
  • atro — Yam Li Tang Low-Concentration Atropine Myopia Progression LAMP Phase 2 report
  • atro — Chia Chua Cheung Atropine treatment myopia ATOM2 0.5% 0.1% 0.01% doses
  • atro — Chia Lu Tan Five-year clinical trial atropine myopia 2 myopia control atropine 0.01 eye drops
  • atro — Zadnik Schulman Flitcroft Efficacy safety 0.01% 0.02% atropine CHAMP randomized clinical trial
  • atro — Lee Lingham Yazar Atropine 0.01% myopia control Western Australia
  • atro — Repka Weise Chandler Low-Dose 0.01% Atropine Eye Drops vs Placebo Myopia Progression PEDIG
  • atro — Hansen Atropine 0.1% 0.01% myopia control Danish children
  • atro — Ha Kim Shim Comparison atropine concentrations myopia progression network meta-analysis
  • atro — Wu Chen Atropine pupil size accommodation amplitude adverse effects low concentration
  • opt — Chamberlain Bradley Arumugam Long-term effect dual-focus contact lenses myopia 6 year
  • opt — Sun Xu Zhang Orthokeratology myopia control meta-analysis axial length
  • rlrl — Jiang Zhu Tan Effect Repeated Low-level Red-light Therapy Myopia Control randomized
  • rlrl — He Wang Xie Effect Repeated Low-Level Red Light myopia incidence premyopia
  • rlrl — He Xiang Zeng Outdoor Activity Myopia Among Rural Chinese Schoolchildren randomized
  • rlrl — Wu Chen Tsai Outdoor activity myopia onset progression school children
  • rlrl — Wu Chen Yang Myopia Prevention Outdoor Light Intervention Taiwan
  • path — Ohno-Matsui Lai Cheung Updates pathologic myopia review
  • meth — Wolffsohn Kollbaum Berntsen IMI Clinical Measurements myopia report
  • meth — Wolffsohn Whayeb Logan Lingham IMI Industry Guidelines Ethical Considerations myopia control
  • meth — Hughes Jones Read Cumulative absolute reduction axial elongation limitations