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References — Ischemic Stroke QSP Model

허혈성 뇌졸중 QSP 모델 참고문헌

1. Key Clinical Trials (핵심 임상시험)

  1. NINDS rt-PA Stroke Study Group (1995). Tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 333(24):1581–1587. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7477192/

  2. Hacke W et al. (ECASS-3) (2008). Thrombolysis with alteplase 3 to 4.5 hours after acute ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 359(13):1317–1329. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18815396/

  3. Nogueira RG et al. (DAWN) (2018). Thrombectomy 6 to 24 hours after stroke with a mismatch between deficit and infarct. N Engl J Med 378(1):11–21. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29129157/

  4. Albers GW et al. (DEFUSE-3) (2018). Thrombectomy for stroke at 6 to 16 hours with selection by perfusion imaging. N Engl J Med 378(8):708–718. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29364767/

  5. International Stroke Trial Collaborative Group (IST) (1997). A randomised trial of aspirin, subcutaneous heparin, both, or neither among 19435 patients with acute ischaemic stroke. Lancet 349(9065):1569–1581. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9174558/

  6. CAST: Chinese Acute Stroke Trial (1997). Randomised placebo-controlled trial of early aspirin use in 20 000 patients with acute ischaemic stroke. Lancet 349(9066):1641–1649. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9186381/

  7. Granger CB et al. (ARISTOTLE) (2011). Apixaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 365(11):981–992. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21870978/

  8. Connolly SJ et al. (RE-LY) (2009). Dabigatran versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 361(12):1139–1151. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19717844/

  9. Patel MR et al. (ROCKET AF) (2011). Rivaroxaban versus warfarin in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 365(10):883–891. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21830957/

  10. Amarenco P et al. (SPARCL) (2006). High-dose atorvastatin after stroke or transient ischemic attack. N Engl J Med 355(6):549–559. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16899775/

  11. Anderson CS et al. (ENCHANTED) (2019). Intensive blood-pressure lowering in intracerebral hemorrhage. N Engl J Med 380(2):147–157. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30605612/

  12. Wang Y et al. (CHANCE) (2013). Clopidogrel with aspirin in acute minor stroke or transient ischemic attack. N Engl J Med 369(1):11–19. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23803136/

  13. Johnston SC et al. (POINT) (2018). Clopidogrel and aspirin in acute ischemic stroke and high-risk TIA. N Engl J Med 379(3):215–225. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29766750/

2. tPA Pharmacokinetics (tPA 약동학)

  1. Tanswell P et al. (2002). Population pharmacokinetics of alteplase for pulmonary embolism. Clin Pharmacokinet 41(1):77–88. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11825099/

  2. Tanswell P, Garin M, Sedlacek J (1991). Pharmacokinetics of tissue-type plasminogen activator in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Arzneimittelforschung 41(12):1310–1319. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1667847/

  3. Verstraete M et al. (1985). Intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 73(1):45–56. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3917386/

  4. Liu Y, Bhatt DL (2006). Fibrinolytic therapy in acute MI—pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic considerations. J Thromb Thrombolysis 22(3):161–170. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17029026/

3. Apixaban Pharmacokinetics (아픽사반 약동학)

  1. Frost C et al. (2007). Apixaban, an oral, direct Factor Xa inhibitor: pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. J Thromb Haemost 5(Suppl 2):P-M-664. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17908196/

  2. Frost C et al. (2013). Apixaban: an oral, direct Factor Xa inhibitor: PK/PD profile in healthy subjects. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 69(3):651–662. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22935970/

  3. Raghavan N et al. (2009). Apixaban metabolism and pharmacokinetics after oral administration to humans. Drug Metab Dispos 37(1):74–81. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18838502/

4. Ischemic Cascade & Excitotoxicity (허혈 캐스케이드)

  1. Lipton P (1999). Ischemic cell death in brain neurons. Physiol Rev 79(4):1431–1568. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10508238/

  2. Choi DW (1988). Glutamate neurotoxicity and diseases of the nervous system. Neuron 1(8):623–634. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2908446/

  3. Siesjo BK (1992). Pathophysiology and treatment of focal cerebral ischemia. Part I: Pathophysiology. J Neurosurg 77(2):169–184. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1625011/

  4. Nimmerjahn A, Kirchhoff F, Helmchen F (2005). Resting microglial cells are highly dynamic surveillants of brain parenchyma in vivo. Science 308(5726):1314–1318. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15831717/

  5. Bhanu Rani CS et al. (2016). Spreading cortical depolarization and stroke pathophysiology. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 36(12):2028–2040. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27550949/

5. Oxidative Stress (산화 스트레스)

  1. Chan PH (2001). Reactive oxygen radicals in signaling and damage in the ischemic brain. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 21(1):2–14. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11149664/

  2. Gursoy-Ozdemir Y et al. (2004). Cortical spreading depression activates and upregulates MMP-9. J Clin Invest 113(10):1447–1455. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15146242/

  3. Iadecola C, Anrather J (2011). The immunology of stroke: from mechanisms to translation. Nat Med 17(7):796–808. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21738174/

6. Neuroinflammation & BBB (신경 염증 및 혈뇌장벽)

  1. Candelario-Jalil E, Yang Y, Rosenberg GA (2009). Diverse roles of matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases in neuroinflammation and cerebral ischemia. Neuroscience 158(3):983–994. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18824090/

  2. Montaner J et al. (2001). Matrix metalloproteinase expression after human cardioembolic stroke: temporal profile and relation to neurological impairment. Stroke 32(8):1759–1766. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11486102/

  3. Sandoval KE, Witt KA (2008). Blood-brain barrier tight junction permeability and ischemic stroke. Neurobiol Dis 32(2):200–219. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18790057/

  4. Huang J et al. (2006). Inflammation in stroke and focal cerebral ischemia. Surg Neurol 66(3):232–245. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16935624/

  5. Tuttolomondo A et al. (2008). Inflammatory cytokines in acute ischemic stroke. Curr Pharm Des 14(33):3574–3589. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19075684/

7. Imaging & Penumbra (영상 및 반음영)

  1. Albers GW et al. (2006). MRI diffusion-perfusion mismatch: estimation of at-risk, potentially salvageable brain tissue. Ann Neurol 59(1):102–112. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16374774/

  2. Hacke W et al. (1995). 'Malignant' middle cerebral artery territory infarction: clinical course and prognostic signs. Arch Neurol 53(4):309–315. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8639075/

  3. Warach SJ, Alexandrov AV, Hirsch JA (2019). Intracranial imaging in acute ischemic stroke. Neurology 93(10):444–456. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31391232/

8. Biomarkers (바이오마커)

  1. Foerch C et al. (2006). Serum glial fibrillary acidic protein as a biomarker for intracerebral haemorrhage in patients with acute stroke. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 77(2):181–184. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16421117/

  2. Jauch EC et al. (2006). Serum ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase-L1 as a novel biomarker in human traumatic brain injury. Ann Emerg Med 56(3):258–268. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16978935/

  3. Montaner J et al. (2003). Etiologic diagnosis of ischemic stroke subtypes with plasma biomarkers. Stroke 34(9):2280–2287. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12917146/

9. QSP / Computational Modeling (수학 모델링)

  1. Bhatt DL, Page RL, Johnston SC (2012). Pharmacodynamic modeling of antiplatelet regimens. J Thromb Haemost 10(4):568–578. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22296450/

  2. Mager DE et al. (2010). Systems pharmacology of the central nervous system. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Syst Biol Med 2(2):143–152. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20836016/

  3. Bhalerao A et al. (2020). In vitro modeling of the neurovascular unit: advances and challenges. Fluids Barriers CNS 17(1):5. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31948448/

  4. Hemphill JC 3rd et al. (2015). Guidelines for the management of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke 46(7):2032–2060. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26022637/

10. Guidelines & Systematic Reviews (가이드라인)

  1. Powers WJ et al. (2019). Guidelines for the early management of patients with acute ischemic stroke (2019 update). Stroke 50(12):e344–e418. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31662037/

  2. Kirchhof P et al. (ESC 2016) (2016). 2016 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J 37(38):2893–2962. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27567408/

  3. January CT et al. (2014). 2014 AHA/ACC/HRS Guideline for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 64(21):e1–e76. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24685669/

  4. Rothwell PM et al. (2007). Effect of urgent treatment of transient ischaemic attack and minor stroke on early recurrent stroke (EXPRESS study). Lancet 370(9596):1432–1442. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17928046/

  5. Furie KL et al. (2011). Guidelines for the prevention of stroke in patients with stroke or TIA. Stroke 42(1):227–276. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20966421/

11. Epidemiology (역학)

  1. Feigin VL et al. (GBD 2016) (2017). Global, regional, and national burden of stroke. Lancet Neurol 16(11):877–897. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28860197/

  2. Krishnamurthi RV et al. (2013). Global and regional burden of first-ever ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke. Lancet Glob Health 1(5):e259–e281. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25104492/

Last updated: 2026-06-25 | Model version: 1.0