Commit 1988984

Fundamental lexical elements of a C++ program: tokens, comments, operators, keywords, punctuators, literals. Also, file translation, operator precedence/associativity.

Scope, linkage, program startup and termination, storage classes, and types.

[Built-in types](fundamental-types-cpp.md)

The fundamental types that are built into the C++ compiler and their value ranges.

Type conversions between built-in types. Also, arithmetic conversions and conversions among pointer, reference, and pointer-to-member types.

[Declarations and definitions](declarations-and-definitions-cpp.md)

Declaring and defining variables, types and functions.

The operators in C++.

Types of expressions, semantics of expressions, reference topics on operators, casting and casting operators, run-time type information.

A programming technique that implicitly defines a function object class and constructs a function object of that class type.

Expression, null, compound, selection, iteration, jump, and declaration statements.

Introduction to classes, structures, and unions. Also, member functions, special member functions, data members, bit fields, **`this`** pointer, nested classes.

User-defined types in which all members share the same memory location.

Single and multiple inheritance, **`virtual`** functions, multiple base classes, **abstract** classes, scope rules. Also, the **`__super`** and **`__interface`** keywords.

Controlling access to class members: **`public`**, **`private`**, and **`protected`** keywords. Friend functions and classes.

Overloaded operators, rules for operator overloading.

C++ exception handling, structured exception handling (SEH), keywords used in writing exception handling statements.

`#error` directive, the **`static_assert`** keyword, the `assert` macro.

Template specifications, function templates, class templates, **`typename`** keyword, templates vs. macros, templates and smart pointers.

Declaring events and event handlers.

Modifiers specific to Microsoft C++. Memory addressing, calling conventions, **`naked`** functions, extended storage-class attributes (**`__declspec`**), **`__w64`**.

Using assembly language and C++ in **`__asm`** blocks.

A reference to Microsoft-specific classes and global functions used to support COM types.

Microsoft extensions to C++.

Information about nonstandard behavior of the Microsoft C++ compiler.

An overview of modern C++ programming practices for writing safe, correct and efficient programs.

Reference material on using the Microsoft C++ compiler to target .NET.

Compiler options, linker options, and other build tools.

Reference material on pragmas, preprocessor directives, predefined macros, and the preprocessor.

A list of links to the reference start pages for the various Microsoft C++ libraries.