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"""Target-specific code generation, parsing, and processing."""
import asyncio
import dataclasses
import hashlib
import json
import os
import pathlib
import re
import sys
import tempfile
import typing
import _llvm
import _schema
import _stencils
import _writer
if sys.version_info < (3, 11):
raise RuntimeError("Building the JIT compiler requires Python 3.11 or newer!")
TOOLS_JIT_BUILD = pathlib.Path(__file__).resolve()
TOOLS_JIT = TOOLS_JIT_BUILD.parent
TOOLS = TOOLS_JIT.parent
CPYTHON = TOOLS.parent
PYTHON_EXECUTOR_CASES_C_H = CPYTHON / "Python" / "executor_cases.c.h"
TOOLS_JIT_TEMPLATE_C = TOOLS_JIT / "template.c"
_S = typing.TypeVar("_S", _schema.COFFSection, _schema.ELFSection, _schema.MachOSection)
_R = typing.TypeVar(
"_R", _schema.COFFRelocation, _schema.ELFRelocation, _schema.MachORelocation
)
@dataclasses.dataclass
class _Target(typing.Generic[_S, _R]):
triple: str
_: dataclasses.KW_ONLY
alignment: int = 1
args: typing.Sequence[str] = ()
ghccc: bool = False
prefix: str = ""
stable: bool = False
debug: bool = False
verbose: bool = False
def _compute_digest(self, out: pathlib.Path) -> str:
hasher = hashlib.sha256()
hasher.update(self.triple.encode())
hasher.update(self.debug.to_bytes())
# These dependencies are also reflected in _JITSources in regen.targets:
hasher.update(PYTHON_EXECUTOR_CASES_C_H.read_bytes())
hasher.update((out / "pyconfig.h").read_bytes())
for dirpath, _, filenames in sorted(os.walk(TOOLS_JIT)):
for filename in filenames:
hasher.update(pathlib.Path(dirpath, filename).read_bytes())
return hasher.hexdigest()
async def _parse(self, path: pathlib.Path) -> _stencils.StencilGroup:
group = _stencils.StencilGroup()
args = ["--disassemble", "--reloc", f"{path}"]
output = await _llvm.maybe_run("llvm-objdump", args, echo=self.verbose)
if output is not None:
group.code.disassembly.extend(
line.expandtabs().strip()
for line in output.splitlines()
if not line.isspace()
)
args = [
"--elf-output-style=JSON",
"--expand-relocs",
# "--pretty-print",
"--section-data",
"--section-relocations",
"--section-symbols",
"--sections",
f"{path}",
]
output = await _llvm.run("llvm-readobj", args, echo=self.verbose)
# --elf-output-style=JSON is only *slightly* broken on Mach-O...
output = output.replace("PrivateExtern\n", "\n")
output = output.replace("Extern\n", "\n")
# ...and also COFF:
output = output[output.index("[", 1, None) :]
output = output[: output.rindex("]", None, -1) + 1]
sections: list[dict[typing.Literal["Section"], _S]] = json.loads(output)
for wrapped_section in sections:
self._handle_section(wrapped_section["Section"], group)
# The trampoline's entry point is just named "_ENTRY", since on some
# platforms we later assume that any function starting with "_JIT_" uses
# the GHC calling convention:
entry_symbol = "_JIT_ENTRY" if "_JIT_ENTRY" in group.symbols else "_ENTRY"
assert group.symbols[entry_symbol] == (_stencils.HoleValue.CODE, 0)
if group.data.body:
line = f"0: {str(bytes(group.data.body)).removeprefix('b')}"
group.data.disassembly.append(line)
group.process_relocations(alignment=self.alignment)
return group
def _handle_section(self, section: _S, group: _stencils.StencilGroup) -> None:
raise NotImplementedError(type(self))
def _handle_relocation(
self, base: int, relocation: _R, raw: bytes
) -> _stencils.Hole:
raise NotImplementedError(type(self))
async def _compile(
self, opname: str, c: pathlib.Path, tempdir: pathlib.Path
) -> _stencils.StencilGroup:
# "Compile" the trampoline to an empty stencil group if it's not needed:
if opname == "trampoline" and not self.ghccc:
return _stencils.StencilGroup()
o = tempdir / f"{opname}.o"
args = [
f"--target={self.triple}",
"-DPy_BUILD_CORE_MODULE",
"-D_DEBUG" if self.debug else "-DNDEBUG",
f"-D_JIT_OPCODE={opname}",
"-D_PyJIT_ACTIVE",
"-D_Py_JIT",
"-I.",
f"-I{CPYTHON / 'Include'}",
f"-I{CPYTHON / 'Include' / 'internal'}",
f"-I{CPYTHON / 'Include' / 'internal' / 'mimalloc'}",
f"-I{CPYTHON / 'Python'}",
"-O3",
"-c",
# This debug info isn't necessary, and bloats out the JIT'ed code.
# We *may* be able to re-enable this, process it, and JIT it for a
# nicer debugging experience... but that needs a lot more research:
"-fno-asynchronous-unwind-tables",
# Don't call built-in functions that we can't find or patch:
"-fno-builtin",
# Emit relaxable 64-bit calls/jumps, so we don't have to worry about
# about emitting in-range trampolines for out-of-range targets.
# We can probably remove this and emit trampolines in the future:
"-fno-plt",
# Don't call stack-smashing canaries that we can't find or patch:
"-fno-stack-protector",
"-std=c11",
*self.args,
]
if self.ghccc:
# This is a bit of an ugly workaround, but it makes the code much
# smaller and faster, so it's worth it. We want to use the GHC
# calling convention, but Clang doesn't support it. So, we *first*
# compile the code to LLVM IR, perform some text replacements on the
# IR to change the calling convention(!), and then compile *that*.
# Once we have access to Clang 19, we can get rid of this and use
# __attribute__((preserve_none)) directly in the C code instead:
ll = tempdir / f"{opname}.ll"
args_ll = args + [
# -fomit-frame-pointer is necessary because the GHC calling
# convention uses RBP to pass arguments:
"-S",
"-emit-llvm",
"-fomit-frame-pointer",
"-o",
f"{ll}",
f"{c}",
]
await _llvm.run("clang", args_ll, echo=self.verbose)
ir = ll.read_text()
# This handles declarations, definitions, and calls to named symbols
# starting with "_JIT_":
ir = re.sub(
r"(((noalias|nonnull|noundef) )*ptr @_JIT_\w+\()", r"ghccc \1", ir
)
# This handles calls to anonymous callees, since anything with
# "musttail" needs to use the same calling convention:
ir = ir.replace("musttail call", "musttail call ghccc")
# Sometimes *both* replacements happen at the same site, so fix it:
ir = ir.replace("ghccc ghccc", "ghccc")
ll.write_text(ir)
args_o = args + ["-Wno-unused-command-line-argument", "-o", f"{o}", f"{ll}"]
else:
args_o = args + ["-o", f"{o}", f"{c}"]
await _llvm.run("clang", args_o, echo=self.verbose)
return await self._parse(o)
async def _build_stencils(self) -> dict[str, _stencils.StencilGroup]:
generated_cases = PYTHON_EXECUTOR_CASES_C_H.read_text()
opnames = sorted(re.findall(r"\n {8}case (\w+): \{\n", generated_cases))
tasks = []
with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tempdir:
work = pathlib.Path(tempdir).resolve()
async with asyncio.TaskGroup() as group:
coro = self._compile("trampoline", TOOLS_JIT / "trampoline.c", work)
tasks.append(group.create_task(coro, name="trampoline"))
for opname in opnames:
coro = self._compile(opname, TOOLS_JIT_TEMPLATE_C, work)
tasks.append(group.create_task(coro, name=opname))
return {task.get_name(): task.result() for task in tasks}
def build(
self, out: pathlib.Path, *, comment: str = "", force: bool = False
) -> None:
"""Build jit_stencils.h in the given directory."""
if not self.stable:
warning = f"JIT support for {self.triple} is still experimental!"
request = "Please report any issues you encounter.".center(len(warning))
outline = "=" * len(warning)
print("\n".join(["", outline, warning, request, outline, ""]))
digest = f"// {self._compute_digest(out)}\n"
jit_stencils = out / "jit_stencils.h"
if (
not force
and jit_stencils.exists()
and jit_stencils.read_text().startswith(digest)
):
return
stencil_groups = asyncio.run(self._build_stencils())
jit_stencils_new = out / "jit_stencils.h.new"
try:
with jit_stencils_new.open("w") as file:
file.write(digest)
if comment:
file.write(f"// {comment}\n")
file.write("\n")
for line in _writer.dump(stencil_groups):
file.write(f"{line}\n")
try:
jit_stencils_new.replace(jit_stencils)
except FileNotFoundError:
# another process probably already moved the file
if not jit_stencils.is_file():
raise
finally:
jit_stencils_new.unlink(missing_ok=True)
class _COFF(
_Target[_schema.COFFSection, _schema.COFFRelocation]
): # pylint: disable = too-few-public-methods
def _handle_section(
self, section: _schema.COFFSection, group: _stencils.StencilGroup
) -> None:
flags = {flag["Name"] for flag in section["Characteristics"]["Flags"]}
if "SectionData" in section:
section_data_bytes = section["SectionData"]["Bytes"]
else:
# Zeroed BSS data, seen with printf debugging calls:
section_data_bytes = [0] * section["RawDataSize"]
if "IMAGE_SCN_MEM_EXECUTE" in flags:
value = _stencils.HoleValue.CODE
stencil = group.code
elif "IMAGE_SCN_MEM_READ" in flags:
value = _stencils.HoleValue.DATA
stencil = group.data
else:
return
base = len(stencil.body)
group.symbols[section["Number"]] = value, base
stencil.body.extend(section_data_bytes)
for wrapped_symbol in section["Symbols"]:
symbol = wrapped_symbol["Symbol"]
offset = base + symbol["Value"]
name = symbol["Name"]
name = name.removeprefix(self.prefix)
if name not in group.symbols:
group.symbols[name] = value, offset
for wrapped_relocation in section["Relocations"]:
relocation = wrapped_relocation["Relocation"]
hole = self._handle_relocation(base, relocation, stencil.body)
stencil.holes.append(hole)
def _unwrap_dllimport(self, name: str) -> tuple[_stencils.HoleValue, str | None]:
if name.startswith("__imp_"):
name = name.removeprefix("__imp_")
name = name.removeprefix(self.prefix)
return _stencils.HoleValue.GOT, name
name = name.removeprefix(self.prefix)
return _stencils.symbol_to_value(name)
def _handle_relocation(
self, base: int, relocation: _schema.COFFRelocation, raw: bytes
) -> _stencils.Hole:
match relocation:
case {
"Offset": offset,
"Symbol": s,
"Type": {"Name": "IMAGE_REL_I386_DIR32" as kind},
}:
offset += base
value, symbol = self._unwrap_dllimport(s)
addend = int.from_bytes(raw[offset : offset + 4], "little")
case {
"Offset": offset,
"Symbol": s,
"Type": {
"Name": "IMAGE_REL_AMD64_REL32" | "IMAGE_REL_I386_REL32" as kind
},
}:
offset += base
value, symbol = self._unwrap_dllimport(s)
addend = (
int.from_bytes(raw[offset : offset + 4], "little", signed=True) - 4
)
case {
"Offset": offset,
"Symbol": s,
"Type": {
"Name": "IMAGE_REL_ARM64_BRANCH26"
| "IMAGE_REL_ARM64_PAGEBASE_REL21"
| "IMAGE_REL_ARM64_PAGEOFFSET_12A"
| "IMAGE_REL_ARM64_PAGEOFFSET_12L" as kind
},
}:
offset += base
value, symbol = self._unwrap_dllimport(s)
addend = 0
case _:
raise NotImplementedError(relocation)
return _stencils.Hole(offset, kind, value, symbol, addend)
class _ELF(
_Target[_schema.ELFSection, _schema.ELFRelocation]
): # pylint: disable = too-few-public-methods
def _handle_section(
self, section: _schema.ELFSection, group: _stencils.StencilGroup
) -> None:
section_type = section["Type"]["Name"]
flags = {flag["Name"] for flag in section["Flags"]["Flags"]}
if section_type == "SHT_RELA":
assert "SHF_INFO_LINK" in flags, flags
assert not section["Symbols"]
value, base = group.symbols[section["Info"]]
if value is _stencils.HoleValue.CODE:
stencil = group.code
else:
assert value is _stencils.HoleValue.DATA
stencil = group.data
for wrapped_relocation in section["Relocations"]:
relocation = wrapped_relocation["Relocation"]
hole = self._handle_relocation(base, relocation, stencil.body)
stencil.holes.append(hole)
elif section_type == "SHT_PROGBITS":
if "SHF_ALLOC" not in flags:
return
if "SHF_EXECINSTR" in flags:
value = _stencils.HoleValue.CODE
stencil = group.code
else:
value = _stencils.HoleValue.DATA
stencil = group.data
group.symbols[section["Index"]] = value, len(stencil.body)
for wrapped_symbol in section["Symbols"]:
symbol = wrapped_symbol["Symbol"]
offset = len(stencil.body) + symbol["Value"]
name = symbol["Name"]["Name"]
name = name.removeprefix(self.prefix)
group.symbols[name] = value, offset
stencil.body.extend(section["SectionData"]["Bytes"])
assert not section["Relocations"]
else:
assert section_type in {
"SHT_GROUP",
"SHT_LLVM_ADDRSIG",
"SHT_NOTE",
"SHT_NULL",
"SHT_STRTAB",
"SHT_SYMTAB",
}, section_type
def _handle_relocation(
self, base: int, relocation: _schema.ELFRelocation, raw: bytes
) -> _stencils.Hole:
symbol: str | None
match relocation:
case {
"Addend": addend,
"Offset": offset,
"Symbol": {"Name": s},
"Type": {
"Name": "R_AARCH64_ADR_GOT_PAGE"
| "R_AARCH64_LD64_GOT_LO12_NC"
| "R_X86_64_GOTPCREL"
| "R_X86_64_GOTPCRELX"
| "R_X86_64_REX_GOTPCRELX" as kind
},
}:
offset += base
s = s.removeprefix(self.prefix)
value, symbol = _stencils.HoleValue.GOT, s
case {
"Addend": addend,
"Offset": offset,
"Symbol": {"Name": s},
"Type": {"Name": kind},
}:
offset += base
s = s.removeprefix(self.prefix)
value, symbol = _stencils.symbol_to_value(s)
case _:
raise NotImplementedError(relocation)
return _stencils.Hole(offset, kind, value, symbol, addend)
class _MachO(
_Target[_schema.MachOSection, _schema.MachORelocation]
): # pylint: disable = too-few-public-methods
def _handle_section(
self, section: _schema.MachOSection, group: _stencils.StencilGroup
) -> None:
assert section["Address"] >= len(group.code.body)
assert "SectionData" in section
flags = {flag["Name"] for flag in section["Attributes"]["Flags"]}
name = section["Name"]["Value"]
name = name.removeprefix(self.prefix)
if "Debug" in flags:
return
if "SomeInstructions" in flags:
value = _stencils.HoleValue.CODE
stencil = group.code
start_address = 0
group.symbols[name] = value, section["Address"] - start_address
else:
value = _stencils.HoleValue.DATA
stencil = group.data
start_address = len(group.code.body)
group.symbols[name] = value, len(group.code.body)
base = section["Address"] - start_address
group.symbols[section["Index"]] = value, base
stencil.body.extend(
[0] * (section["Address"] - len(group.code.body) - len(group.data.body))
)
stencil.body.extend(section["SectionData"]["Bytes"])
assert "Symbols" in section
for wrapped_symbol in section["Symbols"]:
symbol = wrapped_symbol["Symbol"]
offset = symbol["Value"] - start_address
name = symbol["Name"]["Name"]
name = name.removeprefix(self.prefix)
group.symbols[name] = value, offset
assert "Relocations" in section
for wrapped_relocation in section["Relocations"]:
relocation = wrapped_relocation["Relocation"]
hole = self._handle_relocation(base, relocation, stencil.body)
stencil.holes.append(hole)
def _handle_relocation(
self, base: int, relocation: _schema.MachORelocation, raw: bytes
) -> _stencils.Hole:
symbol: str | None
match relocation:
case {
"Offset": offset,
"Symbol": {"Name": s},
"Type": {
"Name": "ARM64_RELOC_GOT_LOAD_PAGE21"
| "ARM64_RELOC_GOT_LOAD_PAGEOFF12" as kind
},
}:
offset += base
s = s.removeprefix(self.prefix)
value, symbol = _stencils.HoleValue.GOT, s
addend = 0
case {
"Offset": offset,
"Symbol": {"Name": s},
"Type": {"Name": "X86_64_RELOC_GOT" | "X86_64_RELOC_GOT_LOAD" as kind},
}:
offset += base
s = s.removeprefix(self.prefix)
value, symbol = _stencils.HoleValue.GOT, s
addend = (
int.from_bytes(raw[offset : offset + 4], "little", signed=True) - 4
)
case {
"Offset": offset,
"Section": {"Name": s},
"Type": {"Name": "X86_64_RELOC_SIGNED" as kind},
} | {
"Offset": offset,
"Symbol": {"Name": s},
"Type": {"Name": "X86_64_RELOC_BRANCH" | "X86_64_RELOC_SIGNED" as kind},
}:
offset += base
s = s.removeprefix(self.prefix)
value, symbol = _stencils.symbol_to_value(s)
addend = (
int.from_bytes(raw[offset : offset + 4], "little", signed=True) - 4
)
case {
"Offset": offset,
"Section": {"Name": s},
"Type": {"Name": kind},
} | {
"Offset": offset,
"Symbol": {"Name": s},
"Type": {"Name": kind},
}:
offset += base
s = s.removeprefix(self.prefix)
value, symbol = _stencils.symbol_to_value(s)
addend = 0
case _:
raise NotImplementedError(relocation)
return _stencils.Hole(offset, kind, value, symbol, addend)
def get_target(host: str) -> _COFF | _ELF | _MachO:
"""Build a _Target for the given host "triple" and options."""
# ghccc currently crashes Clang when combined with musttail on aarch64. :(
target: _COFF | _ELF | _MachO
if re.fullmatch(r"aarch64-apple-darwin.*", host):
target = _MachO(host, alignment=8, prefix="_")
elif re.fullmatch(r"aarch64-pc-windows-msvc", host):
args = ["-fms-runtime-lib=dll"]
target = _COFF(host, alignment=8, args=args)
elif re.fullmatch(r"aarch64-.*-linux-gnu", host):
args = ["-fpic"]
target = _ELF(host, alignment=8, args=args)
elif re.fullmatch(r"i686-pc-windows-msvc", host):
args = ["-DPy_NO_ENABLE_SHARED"]
target = _COFF(host, args=args, ghccc=True, prefix="_")
elif re.fullmatch(r"x86_64-apple-darwin.*", host):
target = _MachO(host, ghccc=True, prefix="_")
elif re.fullmatch(r"x86_64-pc-windows-msvc", host):
args = ["-fms-runtime-lib=dll"]
target = _COFF(host, args=args, ghccc=True)
elif re.fullmatch(r"x86_64-.*-linux-gnu", host):
args = ["-fpic"]
target = _ELF(host, args=args, ghccc=True)
else:
raise ValueError(host)
return target