[windows-integration] Update windows-cli-integration workflow to use safeoutputs-compatible issue reporting and harden matrix coverage checks #59632

The current .github/workflows/windows-cli-integration.yml is close to target, but it still needs focused updates to fully satisfy the required behavior and repository execution constraints.

Why change is needed

• The conclusion job currently creates issues with gh issue create.
• In this environment, GitHub writes must be declared via safe-output tooling, and gh write-path assumptions are not reliable in cloud-agent runs.
• A few assertions should be made more explicit in step summaries to keep failures fast and debuggable for matrix scenarios.

Required updates

• Replace the direct gh issue create call in conclusion with a repository-approved safe-output path for issue creation.
• Keep the existing if: always() conclusion orchestration and final failure gate (exit 1) intact.
• Preserve minimal explicit permissions and SHA-pinned actions.
• Ensure matrix/chaos scenario failures keep clear, single-line diagnostics in step summary for:
  • shell variant
  • launch mode
  • env shape
  • path style
  • timeout/failure reason

Acceptance criteria

• Workflow still triggers on daily schedule and workflow_dispatch.
• Build job still runs on ubuntu-latest, cross-compiles gh-aw.exe, uploads artifact.
• Integration job still runs on windows-latest, downloads artifact, executes systematic matrix across shell × launch mode × env shape × path style.
• Timeout protection remains in place for integration invocations and ConPTY probes.
• At least one intentional negative/chaos validation remains and fails fast with explicit error text.
• Conclusion job always runs, aggregates prior job outcomes, and fails the workflow if required jobs fail.
• Failure issue creation path is updated to an approved/compatible mechanism for this repo’s agentic constraints.

network:
  allowed:
    - defaults
    - "ab.chatgpt.com"

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