This article explains the new features in Python 3.13, compared to 3.12.

For full details, see the :ref:`changelog <changelog>`.

• None yet.

The :class:`io.IOBase` finalizer now logs the close() method errors with :data:`sys.unraisablehook`. Previously, errors were ignored silently by default, and only logged in :ref:`Python Development Mode <devmode>` or on :ref:`Python built on debug mode <debug-build>`. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`62948`.)

• Add support for recursive wildcards in :meth:`pathlib.PurePath.match`. (Contributed by Barney Gale in :gh:`73435`.)
• Add follow_symlinks keyword-only argument to :meth:`pathlib.Path.glob` and :meth:`~pathlib.Path.rglob`. (Contributed by Barney Gale in :gh:`77609`.)

• :mod:`wave`: Deprecate the getmark(), setmark() and getmarkers() methods of the :class:`wave.Wave_read` and :class:`wave.Wave_write` classes. They will be removed in Python 3.15. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`105096`.)

• PEP 594: Remove the :mod:`!telnetlib` module, deprecated in Python 3.11: use the projects telnetlib3 or Exscript instead. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`104773`.)

• Remove the 2to3 program and the :mod:`!lib2to3` module, deprecated in Python 3.11. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`104780`.)

• Namespaces typing.io and typing.re, deprecated in Python 3.8, are now removed. The items in those namespaces can be imported directly from :mod:`typing`. (Contributed by Sebastian Rittau in :gh:`92871`.)

• Remove the untested and undocumented :mod:`webbrowser` :class:`!MacOSX` class, deprecated in Python 3.11. Use the :class:`!MacOSXOSAScript` class (introduced in Python 3.2) instead. (Contributed by Hugo van Kemenade in :gh:`104804`.)

• Remove support for using :class:`pathlib.Path` objects as context managers. This functionality was deprecated and made a no-op in Python 3.9.

• Remove the undocumented :class:`!configparser.LegacyInterpolation` class, deprecated in the docstring since Python 3.2, and with a deprecation warning since Python 3.11. (Contributed by Hugo van Kemenade in :gh:`104886`.)

• Remove the :meth:`!turtle.RawTurtle.settiltangle` method, deprecated in docs since Python 3.1 and with a deprecation warning since Python 3.11. (Contributed by Hugo van Kemenade in :gh:`104876`.)

• Removed the following :mod:`unittest` functions, deprecated in Python 3.11:

  • :func:`!unittest.findTestCases`
  • :func:`!unittest.makeSuite`
  • :func:`!unittest.getTestCaseNames`

  Use :class:`~unittest.TestLoader` methods instead:

  • :meth:`unittest.TestLoader.loadTestsFromModule`
  • :meth:`unittest.TestLoader.loadTestsFromTestCase`
  • :meth:`unittest.TestLoader.getTestCaseNames`

  (Contributed by Hugo van Kemenade in :gh:`104835`.)

• PEP 594: Remove the :mod:`!cgi` and :mod:`!cgitb` modules, deprecated in Python 3.11.

  • cgi.FieldStorage can typically be replaced with :func:`urllib.parse.parse_qsl` for GET and HEAD requests, and the :mod:`email.message` module or multipart PyPI project for POST and PUT.

  • cgi.parse() can be replaced by calling :func:`urllib.parse.parse_qs` directly on the desired query string, except for multipart/form-data input, which can be handled as described for cgi.parse_multipart().

  • cgi.parse_multipart() can be replaced with the functionality in the :mod:`email` package (e.g. :class:`email.message.EmailMessage` and :class:`email.message.Message`) which implements the same MIME RFCs, or with the multipart PyPI project.

  • cgi.parse_header() can be replaced with the functionality in the :mod:`email` package, which implements the same MIME RFCs. For example, with :class:`email.message.EmailMessage`:

    from email.message import EmailMessage
    msg = EmailMessage()
    msg['content-type'] = 'application/json; charset="utf8"'
    main, params = msg.get_content_type(), msg['content-type'].params
    

  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`104773`.)

• PEP 594: Remove the :mod:`!sndhdr` module, deprecated in Python 3.11: use the projects filetype, puremagic, or python-magic instead. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`104773`.)

• PEP 594: Remove the :mod:`!pipes` module, deprecated in Python 3.11: use the :mod:`subprocess` module instead. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`104773`.)

• PEP 594: Remove the :mod:`!ossaudiodev` module, deprecated in Python 3.11: use the pygame project for audio playback. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`104780`.)

• PEP 594: Remove the :mod:`!sunau` module, deprecated in Python 3.11. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`104773`.)

• PEP 594: Remove the :mod:`!mailcap` module, deprecated in Python 3.11. The :mod:`mimetypes` module provides an alternative. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`104773`.)

• PEP 594: Remove the :mod:`!spwd` module, deprecated in Python 3.11: the python-pam project can be used instead. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`104773`.)

• PEP 594: Remove the :mod:`!nntplib` module, deprecated in Python 3.11: the PyPI nntplib project can be used instead. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`104773`.)

• PEP 594: Remove the :mod:`!nis` module, deprecated in Python 3.11. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`104773`.)

• PEP 594: Remove the :mod:`!xdrlib` module, deprecated in Python 3.11. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`104773`.)

• PEP 594: Remove the :mod:`!msilib` module, deprecated in Python 3.11. (Contributed by Zachary Ware in :gh:`104773`.)

• PEP 594: Remove the :mod:`!crypt` module and its private :mod:`!_crypt` extension, deprecated in Python 3.11. The :mod:`hashlib` module is a potential replacement for certain use cases. Otherwise, the following PyPI projects can be used:

  • bcrypt: Modern password hashing for your software and your servers.
  • passlib: Comprehensive password hashing framework supporting over 30 schemes.
  • argon2-cffi: The secure Argon2 password hashing algorithm.
  • legacycrypt: Wrapper to the POSIX crypt library call and associated functionality.

  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`104773`.)

• PEP 594: Remove the :mod:`!uu` module, deprecated in Python 3.11: the :mod:`base64` module is a modern alternative. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`104773`.)

• PEP 594: Remove the :mod:`!aifc` module, deprecated in Python 3.11. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`104773`.)

• PEP 594: Remove the :mod:`!audioop` module, deprecated in Python 3.11. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`104773`.)

• PEP 594: Remove the :mod:`!chunk` module, deprecated in Python 3.11. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`104773`.)

• Remove support for the keyword-argument method of creating :class:`typing.TypedDict` types, deprecated in Python 3.11. (Contributed by Tomas Roun in :gh:`104786`.)

• PEP 594: Remove the :mod:`!imghdr` module, deprecated in Python 3.11: use the projects filetype, puremagic, or python-magic instead. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`104773`.)

• Remove the untested and undocumented :meth:`!unittest.TestProgram.usageExit` method, deprecated in Python 3.11. (Contributed by Hugo van Kemenade in :gh:`104992`.)

• Remove the :mod:`!tkinter.tix` module, deprecated in Python 3.6. The third-party Tix library which the module wrapped is unmaintained. (Contributed by Zachary Ware in :gh:`75552`.)

• Remove the old trashcan macros Py_TRASHCAN_SAFE_BEGIN and Py_TRASHCAN_SAFE_END. They should be replaced by the new macros Py_TRASHCAN_BEGIN and Py_TRASHCAN_END. The new macros were added in Python 3.8 and the old macros were deprecated in Python 3.11. (Contributed by Irit Katriel in :gh:`105111`.)

This section lists previously described changes and other bugfixes that may require changes to your code.

• The old trashcan macros Py_TRASHCAN_SAFE_BEGIN and Py_TRASHCAN_SAFE_END were removed. They should be replaced by the new macros Py_TRASHCAN_BEGIN and Py_TRASHCAN_END.

  A tp_dealloc function that has the old macros, such as:

  static void
  mytype_dealloc(mytype *p)
  {
      PyObject_GC_UnTrack(p);
      Py_TRASHCAN_SAFE_BEGIN(p);
      ...
      Py_TRASHCAN_SAFE_END
  }
  

  should migrate to the new macros as follows:

  static void
  mytype_dealloc(mytype *p)
  {
      PyObject_GC_UnTrack(p);
      Py_TRASHCAN_BEGIN(p, mytype_dealloc)
      ...
      Py_TRASHCAN_END
  }
  

  Note that Py_TRASHCAN_BEGIN has a second argument which should be the deallocation function it is in.

• Autoconf 2.71 and aclocal 1.16.4 is now required to regenerate :file:`!configure`. (Contributed by Christian Heimes in :gh:`89886`.)

• You no longer have to define the PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN macro before including :file:`Python.h` when using # formats in :ref:`format codes <arg-parsing-string-and-buffers>`. APIs accepting the format codes always use Py_ssize_t for # formats. (Contributed by Inada Naoki in :gh:`104922`.)

• Deprecate the old Py_UNICODE and PY_UNICODE_TYPE types: use directly the wchar_t type instead. Since Python 3.3, Py_UNICODE and PY_UNICODE_TYPE are just aliases to wchar_t. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`105156`.)

• Deprecate old Python initialization functions:

  • :c:func:`PySys_ResetWarnOptions`: clear :data:`sys.warnoptions` and :data:`!warnings.filters` instead.
  • :c:func:`Py_GetExecPrefix`: get :data:`sys.exec_prefix` instead.
  • :c:func:`Py_GetPath`: get :data:`sys.path` instead.
  • :c:func:`Py_GetPrefix`: get :data:`sys.prefix` instead.
  • :c:func:`Py_GetProgramFullPath`: get :data:`sys.executable` instead.
  • :c:func:`Py_GetProgramName`: get :data:`sys.executable` instead.
  • :c:func:`Py_GetPythonHome`: get :c:member:`PyConfig.home` or :envvar:`PYTHONHOME` environment variable instead.

  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`105145`.)

• Remove functions deprecated in Python 3.9.

  • PyEval_CallObject(), PyEval_CallObjectWithKeywords(): use :c:func:`PyObject_CallNoArgs` or :c:func:`PyObject_Call` instead. Warning: :c:func:`PyObject_Call` positional arguments must be a :class:`tuple` and must not be NULL, keyword arguments must be a :class:`dict` or NULL, whereas removed functions checked arguments type and accepted NULL positional and keyword arguments. To replace PyEval_CallObjectWithKeywords(func, NULL, kwargs) with :c:func:`PyObject_Call`, pass an empty tuple as positional arguments using :c:func:`PyTuple_New(0) <PyTuple_New>`.
  • PyEval_CallFunction(): use :c:func:`PyObject_CallFunction` instead.
  • PyEval_CallMethod(): use :c:func:`PyObject_CallMethod` instead.
  • PyCFunction_Call(): use :c:func:`PyObject_Call` instead.

  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`105107`.)

• Remove the following old functions to configure the Python initialization, deprecated in Python 3.11:

  • PySys_AddWarnOptionUnicode(): use :c:member:`PyConfig.warnoptions` instead.
  • PySys_AddWarnOption(): use :c:member:`PyConfig.warnoptions` instead.
  • PySys_AddXOption(): use :c:member:`PyConfig.xoptions` instead.
  • PySys_HasWarnOptions(): use :c:member:`PyConfig.xoptions` instead.
  • PySys_SetArgvEx(): set :c:member:`PyConfig.argv` instead.
  • PySys_SetArgv(): set :c:member:`PyConfig.argv` instead.
  • PySys_SetPath(): set :c:member:`PyConfig.module_search_paths` instead.
  • Py_SetPath(): set :c:member:`PyConfig.module_search_paths` instead.
  • Py_SetProgramName(): set :c:member:`PyConfig.program_name` instead.
  • Py_SetPythonHome(): set :c:member:`PyConfig.home` instead.
  • Py_SetStandardStreamEncoding(): set :c:member:`PyConfig.stdio_encoding` instead.
  • _Py_SetProgramFullPath(): set :c:member:`PyConfig.executable` instead.

  Use the new :c:type:`PyConfig` API of the :ref:`Python Initialization Configuration <init-config>` instead (PEP 587), added to Python 3.8. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`105145`.)

• Remove PyEval_InitThreads() and PyEval_ThreadsInitialized() functions, deprecated in Python 3.9. Since Python 3.7, Py_Initialize() always creates the GIL: calling PyEval_InitThreads() did nothing and PyEval_ThreadsInitialized() always returned non-zero. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`105182`.)

• Remove PyEval_AcquireLock() and PyEval_ReleaseLock() functions, deprecated in Python 3.2. They didn't update the current thread state. They can be replaced with:

  • :c:func:`PyEval_SaveThread` and :c:func:`PyEval_RestoreThread`;
  • low-level :c:func:`PyEval_AcquireThread` and :c:func:`PyEval_RestoreThread`;
  • or :c:func:`PyGILState_Ensure` and :c:func:`PyGILState_Release`.

  (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`105182`.)