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844 lines (727 loc) · 23.1 KB
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// Licensed to Elasticsearch B.V. under one or more contributor
// license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
// this work for additional information regarding copyright
// ownership. Elasticsearch B.V. licenses this file to you under
// the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may
// not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
// KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
// specific language governing permissions and limitations
// under the License.
// Package aucoalesce provides functions to coalesce compound audit messages
// into a single event and normalize all message types with some common fields.
package aucoalesce
import (
"errors"
"fmt"
"os"
"strconv"
"strings"
"time"
"github.com/elastic/go-libaudit/v2/auparse"
)
// modeBlockDevice is the file mode bit representing block devices. This OS
// package does not have a constant defined for this.
const modeBlockDevice = 0o60000
// ECSEvent contains ECS-specific categorization fields
type ECSEvent struct {
Kind string `json:"kind,omitempty" yaml:"kind,omitempty"`
Category []string `json:"category,omitempty" yaml:"category,omitempty"`
Type []string `json:"type,omitempty" yaml:"type,omitempty"`
Outcome string `json:"outcome,omitempty" yaml:"outcome,omitempty"`
}
type ECSEntityData struct {
Name string `json:"name,omitempty" yaml:"name,omitempty"`
ID string `json:"id,omitempty" yaml:"id,omitempty"`
}
type ECSEntity struct {
ECSEntityData `yaml:",inline"`
Effective ECSEntityData `json:"effective" yaml:"effective"`
Target ECSEntityData `json:"target" yaml:"target"`
Changes ECSEntityData `json:"changes" yaml:"changes"`
}
type ECSFields struct {
Event ECSEvent `json:"event" yaml:"event"`
User ECSEntity `json:"user" yaml:"user"`
Group ECSEntityData `json:"group" yaml:"group"`
}
type Event struct {
Timestamp time.Time `json:"@timestamp" yaml:"timestamp"`
Sequence uint32 `json:"sequence" yaml:"sequence"`
Category AuditEventType `json:"category" yaml:"category"`
Type auparse.AuditMessageType `json:"record_type" yaml:"record_type"`
Result string `json:"result,omitempty" yaml:"result,omitempty"`
Session string `json:"session" yaml:"session"`
Tags []string `json:"tags,omitempty" yaml:"tags,omitempty"`
Summary Summary `json:"summary" yaml:"summary"`
User User `json:"user" yaml:"user"`
Process Process `json:"process,omitempty" yaml:"process,omitempty"`
File *File `json:"file,omitempty" yaml:"file,omitempty"`
Source *Address `json:"source,omitempty" yaml:"source,omitempty"`
Dest *Address `json:"destination,omitempty" yaml:"destination,omitempty"`
Net *Network `json:"network,omitempty" yaml:"network,omitempty"`
Data map[string]string `json:"data,omitempty" yaml:"data,omitempty"`
Paths []map[string]string `json:"paths,omitempty" yaml:"paths,omitempty"`
ECS ECSFields `json:"ecs" yaml:"ecs"`
Warnings []error `json:"-" yaml:"-"`
}
type Summary struct {
Actor Actor `json:"actor" yaml:"actor"`
Action string `json:"action,omitempty" yaml:"action,omitempty"`
Object Object `json:"object,omitempty" yaml:"object,omitempty"`
How string `json:"how,omitempty" yaml:"how,omitempty"`
}
type Actor struct {
Primary string `json:"primary,omitempty" yaml:"primary,omitempty"`
Secondary string `json:"secondary,omitempty" yaml:"secondary,omitempty"`
}
type Process struct {
PID string `json:"pid,omitempty" yaml:"pid,omitempty"`
PPID string `json:"ppid,omitempty" yaml:"ppid,omitempty"`
Title string `json:"title,omitempty" yaml:"title,omitempty"`
Name string `json:"name,omitempty" yaml:"name,omitempty"` // Comm
Exe string `json:"exe,omitempty" yaml:"exe,omitempty"`
CWD string `json:"cwd,omitempty" yaml:"cwd,omitempty"`
Args []string `json:"args,omitempty" yaml:"args,omitempty"`
}
func (p Process) IsEmpty() bool {
return p.PID == "" && p.PPID == "" && p.Title == "" && p.Name == "" &&
p.Exe == "" && p.CWD == "" && len(p.Args) == 0
}
type User struct {
IDs map[string]string `json:"ids,omitempty" yaml:"ids,omitempty"` // Identifying data like auid, uid, euid, suid, fsuid, gid, egid, sgid, fsgid.
Names map[string]string `json:"names,omitempty" yaml:"names,omitempty"` // Mappings of ID to name (auid -> "root").
SELinux map[string]string `json:"selinux,omitempty" yaml:"selinux,omitempty"` // SELinux labels.
}
type File struct {
Path string `json:"path,omitempty" yaml:"path,omitempty"`
Device string `json:"device,omitempty" yaml:"device,omitempty"`
Inode string `json:"inode,omitempty" yaml:"inode,omitempty"`
Mode string `json:"mode,omitempty" yaml:"mode,omitempty"` // Permissions
UID string `json:"uid,omitempty" yaml:"uid,omitempty"`
GID string `json:"gid,omitempty" yaml:"gid,omitempty"`
Owner string `json:"owner,omitempty" yaml:"owner,omitempty"`
Group string `json:"group,omitempty" yaml:"group,omitempty"`
SELinux map[string]string `json:"selinux,omitempty" yaml:"selinux,omitempty"` // SELinux labels.
}
type Direction uint8
const (
IncomingDir Direction = iota + 1
OutgoingDir
)
func (d Direction) String() string {
switch d {
case IncomingDir:
return "ingress"
case OutgoingDir:
return "egress"
}
return "unknown"
}
func (d Direction) MarshalText() ([]byte, error) { return []byte(d.String()), nil }
type Network struct {
Direction Direction `json:"direction" yaml:"direction"`
}
type Address struct {
Hostname string `json:"hostname,omitempty" yaml:"hostname,omitempty"` // Hostname.
IP string `json:"ip,omitempty" yaml:"ip,omitempty"` // IPv4 or IPv6 address.
Port string `json:"port,omitempty" yaml:"port,omitempty"` // Port number.
Path string `json:"path,omitempty" yaml:"path,omitempty"` // Unix socket path.
}
type Object struct {
Type string `json:"type,omitempty" yaml:"type,omitempty"`
Primary string `json:"primary,omitempty" yaml:"primary,omitempty"`
Secondary string `json:"secondary,omitempty" yaml:"secondary,omitempty"`
}
// CoalesceMessages combines the given messages into a single event. It assumes
// that all the messages in the slice have the same timestamp and sequence
// number. An error is returned is msgs is empty or nil or only contains and EOE
// (end-of-event) message.
func CoalesceMessages(msgs []*auparse.AuditMessage) (*Event, error) {
msgs = filterEOE(msgs)
var event *Event
var err error
switch len(msgs) {
case 0:
return nil, errors.New("messages is empty")
case 1:
event, err = normalizeSimple(msgs[0])
default:
event, err = normalizeCompound(msgs)
}
if event != nil {
applyNormalization(event)
addProcess(event)
}
return event, err
}
// filterEOE returns a slice (backed by the given msgs slice) that does not
// contain EOE (end-of-event) messages. EOE messages are sentinel messages used
// to signal the completion of an event, but they carry no data.
func filterEOE(msgs []*auparse.AuditMessage) []*auparse.AuditMessage {
if len(msgs) > 0 && msgs[len(msgs)-1].RecordType == auparse.AUDIT_EOE {
return msgs[:len(msgs)-1]
}
return msgs
}
func normalizeSimple(msg *auparse.AuditMessage) (*Event, error) {
return newEvent(msg, nil), nil
}
func normalizeCompound(msgs []*auparse.AuditMessage) (*Event, error) {
var special, syscall *auparse.AuditMessage
for i, msg := range msgs {
if i == 0 && msg.RecordType != auparse.AUDIT_SYSCALL {
special = msg
continue
}
if msg.RecordType == auparse.AUDIT_SYSCALL {
syscall = msg
break
}
}
if syscall == nil {
// All compound records have syscall messages.
return nil, errors.New("missing syscall message in compound event")
}
event := newEvent(special, syscall)
for _, msg := range msgs {
switch msg.RecordType {
case auparse.AUDIT_SYSCALL:
delete(event.Data, "items")
case auparse.AUDIT_PATH:
addPathRecord(msg, event)
case auparse.AUDIT_SOCKADDR:
addSockaddrRecord(msg, event)
case auparse.AUDIT_EXECVE:
addExecveRecord(msg, event)
default:
addFieldsToEventData(msg, event)
}
}
return event, nil
}
func newEvent(msg, syscall *auparse.AuditMessage) *Event {
if msg == nil {
msg = syscall
}
event := &Event{
Timestamp: msg.Timestamp,
Sequence: msg.Sequence,
Category: GetAuditEventType(msg.RecordType),
Type: msg.RecordType,
Data: make(map[string]string, 10),
}
if syscall != nil {
msg = syscall
}
data, err := msg.Data()
if err != nil {
event.Warnings = append(event.Warnings, err)
return event
}
if result, found := data["result"]; found {
event.Result = result
delete(data, "result")
} else {
event.Result = "unknown"
}
if ses, found := data["ses"]; found {
event.Session = ses
delete(data, "ses")
}
if auid, found := data["auid"]; found {
event.Summary.Actor.Primary = auid
}
if uid, found := data["uid"]; found {
event.Summary.Actor.Secondary = uid
}
// Ignore error because msg.Data() would have produced the same error.
event.Tags, _ = msg.Tags()
for k, v := range data {
if strings.HasSuffix(k, "uid") || strings.HasSuffix(k, "gid") {
addSubjectAttribute(k, v, event)
} else if strings.HasPrefix(k, "subj_") {
addSubjectSELinuxLabel(k[5:], v, event)
} else {
event.Data[k] = v
}
}
return event
}
func addSubjectAttribute(key, value string, event *Event) {
if event.User.IDs == nil {
event.User.IDs = map[string]string{}
}
event.User.IDs[key] = value
}
func addSubjectSELinuxLabel(key, value string, event *Event) {
if event.User.SELinux == nil {
event.User.SELinux = map[string]string{}
}
event.User.SELinux[key] = value
}
func addSockaddrRecord(sockaddr *auparse.AuditMessage, event *Event) {
data, err := sockaddr.Data()
if err != nil {
event.Warnings = append(event.Warnings, fmt.Errorf(
"failed to parse SOCKADDR message: %w", err))
return
}
syscall, found := event.Data["syscall"]
if !found {
event.Warnings = append(event.Warnings, errors.New(
"failed to add SOCKADDR data because syscall is unknown"))
return
}
for k, v := range data {
event.Data["socket_"+k] = v
}
switch syscall {
case "recvfrom", "recvmsg", "accept", "accept4":
addAddress(data, &event.Source)
event.Net = &Network{Direction: IncomingDir}
case "connect", "sendto", "sendmsg":
addAddress(data, &event.Dest)
event.Net = &Network{Direction: OutgoingDir}
default:
// These are the other syscalls that contain SOCKADDR, but they
// have no clear source or destination:
// bind, listen, getpeername, getsockname
return
}
}
func addAddress(sockaddr map[string]string, addr **Address) {
var (
ip = sockaddr["addr"]
port = sockaddr["port"]
path = sockaddr["path"]
)
if ip != "" || port != "" || path != "" {
*addr = &Address{
IP: ip,
Port: port,
Path: path,
}
}
}
func addPathRecord(path *auparse.AuditMessage, event *Event) {
data, err := path.Data()
if err != nil {
event.Warnings = append(event.Warnings, fmt.Errorf(
"failed to parse PATH message: %w", err))
return
}
event.Paths = append(event.Paths, data)
}
func addProcess(event *Event) {
event.Process.PID = event.Data["pid"]
delete(event.Data, "pid")
event.Process.PPID = event.Data["ppid"]
delete(event.Data, "ppid")
event.Process.Title = event.Data["proctitle"]
delete(event.Data, "proctitle")
event.Process.Name = event.Data["comm"]
delete(event.Data, "comm")
event.Process.Exe = event.Data["exe"]
delete(event.Data, "exe")
event.Process.CWD = event.Data["cwd"]
delete(event.Data, "cwd")
}
func addExecveRecord(execve *auparse.AuditMessage, event *Event) {
data, err := execve.Data()
if err != nil {
event.Warnings = append(event.Warnings, fmt.Errorf(
"failed to parse EXECVE message: %w", err))
return
}
argc, found := data["argc"]
if !found {
event.Warnings = append(event.Warnings,
errors.New("argc key not found in EXECVE message"))
return
}
event.Data["argc"] = argc
count, err := strconv.ParseUint(argc, 10, 32)
if err != nil {
event.Warnings = append(event.Warnings, fmt.Errorf(
"failed to convert argc='%v' to number: %w", argc, err))
return
}
var args []string
for i := 0; i < int(count); i++ {
key := "a" + strconv.Itoa(i)
arg, found := data[key]
if !found {
event.Warnings = append(event.Warnings, fmt.Errorf(
"failed to find arg %v", key))
return
}
delete(data, key)
args = append(args, arg)
}
event.Process.Args = args
}
func addFieldsToEventData(msg *auparse.AuditMessage, event *Event) {
data, err := msg.Data()
if err != nil {
event.Warnings = append(event.Warnings,
fmt.Errorf("failed to parse message: %w", err))
return
}
for k, v := range data {
if _, found := event.Data[k]; found {
event.Warnings = append(event.Warnings, fmt.Errorf(
"duplicate key (%v) from %v message", k, msg.RecordType))
continue
}
event.Data[k] = v
}
}
func applyNormalization(event *Event) {
setHowDefaults(event)
var syscallNorm *Normalization
if syscall, ok := event.Data["syscall"]; ok {
syscallNorm, ok = syscallNorms[syscall]
if !ok {
syscallNorm = syscallNorms["*"] // get the default to add some basic categorization
}
}
var norm *Normalization
if event.Type == auparse.AUDIT_SYSCALL {
norm = syscallNorm
} else {
norms := recordTypeNorms[event.Type.String()]
switch len(norms) {
case 0:
// No normalization found.
case 1:
norm = norms[0]
default:
nextNorm:
for _, n := range norms {
// Select normalization if all 'has_fields' are present.
for _, f := range n.HasFields.Values {
if _, found := event.Data[f]; !found {
continue nextNorm
}
}
norm = n
}
}
}
if norm == nil {
event.Warnings = append(event.Warnings, errors.New("no normalization found for event"))
return
}
event.ECS.Event.Kind = norm.ECS.Kind
event.ECS.Event.Category = norm.ECS.Category.Values
event.ECS.Event.Type = norm.ECS.Type.Values
// we check to see if the non-AUDIT_SYSCALL event has an associated syscall
// from another part of the auditd message log, if it does and we have normalizations
// for that syscall, we merge the ECS categorization and type information so that
// the event has both enrichment for the record type itself and for the syscall it
// captures
hasAdditionalNormalization := syscallNorm != nil && syscallNorm != norm
if hasAdditionalNormalization {
event.ECS.Event.Category = append(event.ECS.Event.Category, syscallNorm.ECS.Category.Values...)
event.ECS.Event.Type = append(event.ECS.Event.Type, syscallNorm.ECS.Type.Values...)
if event.Result == "fail" {
event.ECS.Event.Outcome = "failure"
}
}
event.Summary.Action = norm.Action
switch norm.Object.What {
case "file", "filesystem":
event.Summary.Object.Type = norm.Object.What
if len(event.Paths) > 0 {
if err := setFileObject(event, norm.Object.PathIndex); err != nil {
event.Warnings = append(event.Warnings, fmt.Errorf("failed to set file object: %w", err))
}
}
case "socket":
event.Summary.Object.Type = norm.Object.What
setSocketObject(event)
default:
event.Summary.Object.Type = norm.Object.What
}
if len(norm.Subject.PrimaryFieldName.Values) > 0 {
var err error
for _, subjKey := range norm.Subject.PrimaryFieldName.Values {
if err = setSubjectPrimary(subjKey, event); err == nil {
break
}
}
if err != nil {
event.Warnings = append(event.Warnings, fmt.Errorf("failed to set subject primary using keys=%v because they were not found", norm.Subject.PrimaryFieldName.Values))
}
}
if len(norm.Subject.SecondaryFieldName.Values) > 0 {
var err error
for _, subjKey := range norm.Subject.SecondaryFieldName.Values {
if err = setSubjectSecondary(subjKey, event); err == nil {
break
}
}
if err != nil {
event.Warnings = append(event.Warnings, fmt.Errorf("failed to set subject secondary using keys=%v because they were not found", norm.Subject.SecondaryFieldName.Values))
}
}
if len(norm.Object.PrimaryFieldName.Values) > 0 {
var err error
for _, objKey := range norm.Object.PrimaryFieldName.Values {
if err = setObjectPrimary(objKey, event); err == nil {
break
}
}
if err != nil {
event.Warnings = append(event.Warnings, fmt.Errorf("failed to set object primary using keys=%v because they were not found", norm.Object.PrimaryFieldName.Values))
}
}
if len(norm.Object.SecondaryFieldName.Values) > 0 {
var err error
for _, objKey := range norm.Object.SecondaryFieldName.Values {
if err = setObjectSecondary(objKey, event); err == nil {
break
}
}
if err != nil {
event.Warnings = append(event.Warnings, fmt.Errorf("failed to set object secondary using keys=%v because they were not found", norm.Object.SecondaryFieldName.Values))
}
}
if len(norm.How.Values) > 0 {
var err error
for _, howKey := range norm.How.Values {
if err = setHow(howKey, event); err == nil {
break
}
}
if err != nil {
event.Warnings = append(event.Warnings, fmt.Errorf("failed to set how using keys=%v because they were not found", norm.How.Values))
}
}
if event.Source == nil && len(norm.SourceIP.Values) > 0 {
var err error
for _, sourceIPKey := range norm.SourceIP.Values {
if err = setSourceIP(sourceIPKey, event); err == nil {
break
}
}
if err != nil {
event.Warnings = append(event.Warnings, fmt.Errorf("failed to "+
"set source IP using keys=%v because they were not found",
norm.SourceIP.Values))
}
}
// Populate ECS fields from `mappings` section.
for _, mapping := range norm.ECS.Mappings {
if mapping.To != nil && mapping.From != nil {
mapping.To(event, mapping.From(event))
}
}
}
func getValue(key string, event *Event) (string, bool) {
value, found := event.Data[key]
if !found {
// Fallback to user IDs.
value, found = event.User.IDs[key]
}
return value, found
}
func setSourceIP(key string, event *Event) error {
value, found := event.Data[key]
if !found {
return fmt.Errorf("failed to set source IP value: key '%v' not found", key)
}
delete(event.Data, key)
event.Source = &Address{
IP: value,
}
event.Net = &Network{
Direction: IncomingDir,
}
return nil
}
func setHow(key string, event *Event) error {
value, found := getValue(key, event)
if !found {
return fmt.Errorf("failed to set how value: key '%v' not found", key)
}
event.Summary.How = value
return nil
}
func setSubjectPrimary(key string, event *Event) error {
value, found := getValue(key, event)
if !found {
return fmt.Errorf("failed to set subject primary value: key '%v' not found", key)
}
event.Summary.Actor.Primary = value
return nil
}
func setSubjectSecondary(key string, event *Event) error {
value, found := getValue(key, event)
if !found {
return fmt.Errorf("failed to set subject secondary value: key '%v' not found", key)
}
event.Summary.Actor.Secondary = value
return nil
}
func setObjectPrimary(key string, event *Event) error {
value, found := getValue(key, event)
if !found {
return fmt.Errorf("failed to set object primary value: key '%v' not found", key)
}
event.Summary.Object.Primary = value
return nil
}
func setObjectSecondary(key string, event *Event) error {
value, found := getValue(key, event)
if !found {
return fmt.Errorf("failed to set object secondary value: key '%v' not found", key)
}
event.Summary.Object.Secondary = value
return nil
}
func setFileObject(event *Event, pathIndexHint int) error {
if len(event.Paths) == 0 {
return errors.New("path message not found")
}
var pathIndex int
if len(event.Paths) > pathIndexHint {
pathIndex = pathIndexHint
}
path := event.Paths[pathIndex]
for _, p := range event.Paths[pathIndex:] {
// Skip over PARENT and UNKNOWN types in case the path index was wrong.
if nametype := p["nametype"]; nametype != "PARENT" && nametype != "UNKNOWN" {
path = p
break
}
}
event.File = &File{}
if value, found := path["name"]; found {
event.Summary.Object.Primary = value
event.File.Path = value
}
if value, found := path["inode"]; found {
event.File.Inode = value
}
if value, found := path["rdev"]; found {
event.File.Device = value
}
if value, found := path["mode"]; found {
mode, err := strconv.ParseUint(value, 8, 64)
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("failed to parse file mode: %w", err)
}
m := os.FileMode(mode)
event.File.Mode = fmt.Sprintf("%#04o", m.Perm())
switch {
case m.IsRegular():
event.Summary.Object.Type = "file"
case m.IsDir():
event.Summary.Object.Type = "directory"
case m&os.ModeCharDevice != 0:
event.Summary.Object.Type = "character-device"
case m&modeBlockDevice != 0:
event.Summary.Object.Type = "block-device"
case m&os.ModeNamedPipe != 0:
event.Summary.Object.Type = "named-pipe"
case m&os.ModeSymlink != 0:
event.Summary.Object.Type = "symlink"
case m&os.ModeSocket != 0:
event.Summary.Object.Type = "socket"
}
}
if value, found := path["ouid"]; found {
event.File.UID = value
}
if value, found := path["ogid"]; found {
event.File.GID = value
}
for k, v := range path {
if strings.HasPrefix(k, "obj_") {
addFileSELinuxLabel(k[4:], v, event)
}
}
return nil
}
func addFileSELinuxLabel(key, value string, event *Event) {
if event.File.SELinux == nil {
event.File.SELinux = map[string]string{}
}
event.File.SELinux[key] = value
}
func setSocketObject(event *Event) {
value, found := event.Data["socket_addr"]
if found {
event.Summary.Object.Primary = value
} else {
value, found = event.Data["socket_path"]
if found {
event.Summary.Object.Primary = value
}
}
value, found = event.Data["socket_port"]
if found {
event.Summary.Object.Secondary = value
}
}
func setHowDefaults(event *Event) {
exe, found := event.Data["exe"]
if !found {
// Fallback to comm.
exe, found = event.Data["comm"]
if !found {
return
}
}
event.Summary.How = exe
switch {
case strings.HasPrefix(exe, "/usr/bin/python"),
strings.HasPrefix(exe, "/usr/bin/sh"),
strings.HasPrefix(exe, "/usr/bin/bash"),
strings.HasPrefix(exe, "/usr/bin/perl"):
default:
return
}
// It's probably some kind of interpreted script so use "comm".
comm, found := event.Data["comm"]
if !found {
return
}
event.Summary.How = comm
}
func (e *ECSEntityData) set(value string) {
if value == "" || value == "unset" || value == "4294967295" || value == "-1" {
*e = ECSEntityData{ID: "unset"}
return
}
// This could be called using an UID or a name
if _, err := strconv.ParseUint(value, 10, 64); err == nil {
e.ID = value
} else {
e.Name = value
}
}
func (e *ECSEntityData) lookup(cache *EntityCache) {
if (e.ID == "") == (e.Name == "") {
return
}
if e.ID != "" {
e.Name = cache.LookupID(e.ID)
} else {
e.ID = cache.LookupName(e.Name)
}
}
func (e *ECSEntity) lookup(cache *EntityCache) {
e.ECSEntityData.lookup(cache)
e.Effective.lookup(cache)
e.Target.lookup(cache)
e.Changes.lookup(cache)
}