@@ -3225,14 +3225,27 @@ dummy_func(
         op(_STORE_ATTR_SLOT, (index/1, value, owner -- o)) {
             PyObject *owner_o = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectBorrow(owner);
 
-            DEOPT_IF(!LOCK_OBJECT(owner_o));
             char *addr = (char *)owner_o + index;
             STAT_INC(STORE_ATTR, hit);
+            // Lock-free read-modify-write on the slot pointer (free-threaded
+            // build). Atomic exchange returns the previous value and stores
+            // the new one in a single atomic op. Each concurrent writer
+            // observes a unique old value (so no double-decref), and
+            // concurrent LOAD_ATTR_SLOT readers already cope with mid-flight
+            // mutations via _Py_TryIncrefCompare. The C-API path
+            // (PyMember_SetOne for Py_T_OBJECT_EX / _Py_T_OBJECT) is updated
+            // to the same atomic-exchange pattern so the two paths stay
+            // consistent without a per-object lock. On the GIL build this
+            // compiles to a plain read+write.
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+            PyObject *old_value = _Py_atomic_exchange_ptr(
+                (void **)addr, PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal(value));
+#else
             PyObject *old_value = *(PyObject **)addr;
-            FT_ATOMIC_STORE_PTR_RELEASE(*(PyObject **)addr, PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal(value));
-            UNLOCK_OBJECT(owner_o);
-            INPUTS_DEAD();
+            *(PyObject **)addr = PyStackRef_AsPyObjectSteal(value);
+#endif
             o = owner;
+            DEAD(owner);
             Py_XDECREF(old_value);
         }
 
 
@@ -97,36 +97,33 @@ PyMember_GetOne(const char *obj_addr, PyMemberDef *l)
         break;
     }
     case _Py_T_OBJECT:
-        v = FT_ATOMIC_LOAD_PTR(*(PyObject **) addr);
-        if (v != NULL) {
 #ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
-            if (!_Py_TryIncrefCompare((PyObject **) addr, v)) {
-                Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION((PyObject *) obj_addr);
-                v = FT_ATOMIC_LOAD_PTR(*(PyObject **) addr);
-                Py_XINCREF(v);
-                Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
-            }
+        // _Py_XGetRef does an atomic load + try-incref loop, retrying when
+        // a concurrent writer (lock-free atomic exchange in _STORE_ATTR_SLOT
+        // and PyMember_SetOne) mutates the slot. The previous critical-
+        // section fallback assumed writers also took ob_mutex, which they no
+        // longer do, so a plain Py_XINCREF inside the CS could resurrect a
+        // refcount-0 (about-to-be-freed) object.
+        v = _Py_XGetRef((PyObject **)addr);
 #else
-            Py_INCREF(v);
+        v = *(PyObject **)addr;
+        Py_XINCREF(v);
 #endif
-        }
         if (v == NULL) {
-            v = Py_None;
+            v = Py_NewRef(Py_None);
         }
         break;
     case Py_T_OBJECT_EX:
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+        v = _Py_XGetRef((PyObject **)addr);
+        if (v == NULL) {
+            PyErr_Format(PyExc_AttributeError,
+                         "'%T' object has no attribute '%s'",
+                         (PyObject *)obj_addr, l->name);
+        }
+#else
         v = member_get_object(addr, obj_addr, l);
-#ifndef Py_GIL_DISABLED
         Py_XINCREF(v);
-#else
-        if (v != NULL) {
-            if (!_Py_TryIncrefCompare((PyObject **) addr, v)) {
-                Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION((PyObject *) obj_addr);
-                v = member_get_object(addr, obj_addr, l);
-                Py_XINCREF(v);
-                Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
-            }
-        }
 #endif
         break;
     case Py_T_LONGLONG:
@@ -320,11 +317,20 @@ PyMember_SetOne(char *addr, PyMemberDef *l, PyObject *v)
         break;
     }
     case _Py_T_OBJECT:
-    case Py_T_OBJECT_EX:
-        Py_BEGIN_CRITICAL_SECTION(obj);
+    case Py_T_OBJECT_EX: {
+        // Lock-free swap to match the _STORE_ATTR_SLOT bytecode handler
+        // (which also uses atomic exchange on Py_GIL_DISABLED builds).
+        // Atomic exchange gives each concurrent writer a unique old value,
+        // so the Py_XDECREF below cannot double-free. Concurrent readers
+        // (PyMember_GetOne, _LOAD_ATTR_SLOT) use atomic loads and the
+        // TryIncrefCompare pattern to cope with mid-flight mutations.
+        PyObject *new_v = Py_XNewRef(v);
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+        oldv = (PyObject *)_Py_atomic_exchange_ptr((void **)addr, new_v);
+#else
         oldv = *(PyObject **)addr;
-        FT_ATOMIC_STORE_PTR_RELEASE(*(PyObject **)addr, Py_XNewRef(v));
-        Py_END_CRITICAL_SECTION();
+        *(PyObject **)addr = new_v;
+#endif
         if (v == NULL && oldv == NULL && l->type == Py_T_OBJECT_EX) {
             // Raise an exception when attempting to delete an already deleted
             // attribute.
@@ -336,6 +342,7 @@ PyMember_SetOne(char *addr, PyMemberDef *l, PyObject *v)
         }
         Py_XDECREF(oldv);
         break;
+    }
     case Py_T_CHAR: {
         const char *string;
         Py_ssize_t len;