Commit c243063

`__clrcall` function pointers are only meant to be used in the application domain in which they were created. Instead of passing `__clrcall` function pointers across application domains, use <xref:System.CrossAppDomainDelegate>. For more information, see [Application Domains and Visual C++](../dotnet/application-domains-and-visual-cpp.md).

Note that when a function is declared with `__clrcall`, code will be generated when needed; for example, when function is called.

"Destructor" functions are the inverse of constructor functions. They are called when objects are destroyed (deallocated). Designate a function as a class's destructor by preceding the class name with a tilde (`~`). For example, the destructor for class `String` is declared: `~String()`.

The destructor is commonly used to "clean up" when an object is no longer necessary. Consider the following declaration of a `String` class:

```

[Keywords](../cpp/keywords-cpp.md)

[Event Handling](../cpp/event-handling.md)

|[__assume](../intrinsics/assume.md)|[__based](../cpp/based-pointers-cpp.md)|[__box](../misc/box.md) <sup>2</sup>|

|[__cdecl](../cpp/cdecl.md)|[__declspec](../cpp/declspec.md)|[__delegate](../misc/delegate.md) <sup>2</sup>|

|[__event](../cpp/event.md)|[__except](../cpp/try-except-statement.md)|[__fastcall](../cpp/fastcall.md)|

|[__hook](../cpp/hook.md) <sup>3</sup>|[__identifier](../windows/identifier-cpp-cli.md)|[__if_exists](../cpp/if-exists-statement.md)|

|[__if_not_exists](../cpp/if-not-exists-statement.md)|[__inline](../cpp/inline-functions-cpp.md)|[__int16](../cpp/int8-int16-int32-int64.md)|

|[__int32](../cpp/int8-int16-int32-int64.md)|[__int64](../cpp/int8-int16-int32-int64.md)|[__int8](../cpp/int8-int16-int32-int64.md)|

|[__interface](../cpp/interface.md)|[__leave](../cpp/try-finally-statement.md)|[__m128](../cpp/m128.md)|

|[__m128d](../cpp/m128d.md)|[__m128i](../cpp/m128i.md)|[__m64](../cpp/m64.md)|

|[__pin](../misc/pin.md) <sup>2</sup>|[__property](../misc/property.md) <sup>2</sup>|[__raise](../cpp/raise.md)|

|[__sealed](../misc/sealed.md) <sup>2</sup>|[__single_inheritance](../cpp/inheritance-keywords.md)|[__stdcall](../cpp/stdcall.md)|

|[__super](../cpp/super.md)|[__thiscall](../cpp/thiscall.md)|[__try/\__except](../cpp/try-except-statement.md), [__try/\__finally](../cpp/try-finally-statement.md)|

For non-static class functions, if the function is defined out-of-line, the calling convention modifier does not have to be specified on the out-of-line definition. That is, for class non-static member methods, the calling convention specified during declaration is assumed at the point of definition.

[Managed Types (C++/CL)](../dotnet/managed-types-cpp-cl.md)

The compiler will not generate a default assignment operator for a reference type. An assignment operator allows you to create an object using stack semantics and initialize it with an existing object created using stack semantics. An assignment operator for a reference type has a signature of the following form: `void operator=( R% ){}`.

A compiler-generated assignment operator will follow the usual standard C++ rules with the following additions:

In standard C++, a function in a base class is hidden by a function that has the same name in a derived class, even if the derived-class function does not have the same number or kind of parameters. This is referred to as *hide-by-name* semantics. In a reference type, a function in a base class can only be hidden by a function in a derived class if both the name and the parameter list are the same. This is known as *hide-by-signature* semantics.

Under hide-by-signature semantics, when a function is called on an object, the compiler identifies the most derived class that contains a function that could satisfy the function call. If there is only one function in the class that could satisfy the call, the compiler calls that function. If there is more than one function in the class that could satisfy the call, the compiler uses overload resolution rules to determine which function to call. For more information about overload rules, see [Function Overloading](../cpp/function-overloading.md).

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