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Confirm merge from FromPublicMasterBranch to master to sync with https://github.com/MicrosoftDocs/cpp-docs (branch master) (#602)
* Update cricheditctrl-class.md LineLength is a wrapper of EM_LINELENGTH, which returns length in characters not bytes. * Update csettingsstore-class.md contraction between the meaning of bAdmin in the parameters and remarks section of CSettingsStore::CSettingsStore * Update clistbox-class_23.cpp the buffer required by later code would be 16 bytes in ANSI and 32 bytes in Unicode, preallocating 10 bytes is useless. * Fix unwind opcode values * Update algorithm.md Fix minor typo in Remarks section * Undesired indentation in CFile. Fix for undesired indentation in CFile constructor documentation. * Update cricheditctrl-class.md clarify that length is in TCHARs, add situations when index is out of bound, and when there's a carriage return based on EM_LINELENGTH docs * Update compiler-warning-level-4-c4295.md Clarify warning intent and ways to fix it, per comment by Kinichiro_Inoguchi * Fix type error on the namespace * Merge to live for offline publishing (MicrosoftDocs#532) * Confirm merge from FromPublicMasterBranch to master to sync with https://github.com/MicrosoftDocs/cpp-docs (branch master) (#527) * Update cricheditctrl-class.md LineLength is a wrapper of EM_LINELENGTH, which returns length in characters not bytes. * Update csettingsstore-class.md contraction between the meaning of bAdmin in the parameters and remarks section of CSettingsStore::CSettingsStore * Update clistbox-class_23.cpp the buffer required by later code would be 16 bytes in ANSI and 32 bytes in Unicode, preallocating 10 bytes is useless. * Fix unwind opcode values * Update algorithm.md Fix minor typo in Remarks section * Undesired indentation in CFile. Fix for undesired indentation in CFile constructor documentation. * Update cricheditctrl-class.md clarify that length is in TCHARs, add situations when index is out of bound, and when there's a carriage return based on EM_LINELENGTH docs * Update compiler-warning-level-4-c4295.md Clarify warning intent and ways to fix it, per comment by Kinichiro_Inoguchi * Fix type error on the namespace * Add /Zc:ternary switch docs (#525) * Create topic, not linked yet * Include links in TOC and overview * Fix dash * Add link to Zc:ternary to permissive * Fix link typo * fixed up art files for VC++ directories (#529) * CMake updates for 15.6 (#524) * added new content on cmake cache import * added new art for cmake * updates to cmake tools intro * new art for 15.6 updates * updates for environment variables and inherited environments * proofreading pass * updated art for what's new page (MicrosoftDocs#528) * Second attempt at merge (#531) * added new content on cmake cache import * added new art for cmake * updates to cmake tools intro * new art for 15.6 updates * updates for environment variables and inherited environments * proofreading pass * Update cmake-tools-for-visual-cpp.md (MicrosoftDocs#530) I played editor in this file. I only meant to change one thing, but it was hard to stop. * [mkdir-wmkdir.md] Fix wrong indentation Remove redundant spaces in the code. * Change integer limits and header name to use standard names. * Fix double code quote. * Fix indentation [ _rotl ] * Update get-wpgmptr.md Mention entry point restriction on using _get_wpgmptr() - only for programs for wide entry points. * Update get-pgmptr.md Mention entry point restriction on calling _get_pgmptr * Fix formatting * Remove __declspec(noalias) from example Remove __declspec(noalias) from example to make it clearer what is going on. I'm submitting a second PR that updates __declspec(alias) to have its own example. Clean up other text. * Remove __declspec(restrict) from example Remove __declspec(restrict) from example to make it clearer what is going on. I'm submitting a second PR that updates __declspec(restrict) to have its own example. Clean up other text. * Update compiler-error-c2512.md Expand explanations to address some common confusion. Remove examples that now generate different errors. * Update date for changed article * Update date, formatting and some wording. * Update date, additional language cleanup * Update char-wchar-t-char16-t-char32-t.md Address issue #169 Fix dangling "Unicode is the" fragment. Expand explanation of types and where they are used. * Update char-wchar-t-char16-t-char32-t.md Fix date and pointer/array mention. * Fix links to samples and interface * "Users" of the C++ compiler are "developers" Users of the C++ compiler are generally developers. Isn't it a bit more precise and a bit more humanizing to refer to them as such?
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‎docs/cpp/char-wchar-t-char16-t-char32-t.md‎

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---
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title: "char, wchar_t, char16_t, char32_t | Microsoft Docs"
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ms.date: "11/04/2016"
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ms.date: "02/14/2018"
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ms.technology: ["cpp-language"]
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---
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# char, wchar_t, char16_t, char32_t
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The types char, wchar_t, char16_t and char32_t are built in types that represent alphanumeric characters as well as non-alphanumeric glyphs and non-printing characters. char is eight bits in size, wchar_t and char16_t are 16 bits in size, and char32_t is 32 bits.
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## Syntax
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The types **char**, **wchar_t**, **char16_t** and **char32_t** are built-in types that represent alphanumeric characters as well as non-alphanumeric glyphs and non-printing characters.
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## Syntax
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```cpp
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char ch1{ 'a' };
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wchar_t ch2{ 'a' }; // or {L'a'}
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char16_t ch3{ L'a' };// or {L'a'}
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char32_t ch4{ L'a' };// or {L'a'}
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char ch1{ 'a' }; // or { u8'a' }
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wchar_t ch2{ L'a' };
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char16_t ch3{ u'a' };
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char32_t ch4{ U'a' };
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```
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## Remarks
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The `char` type was the original character type in C and C++. It can be used to store characters from the ASCII character set or any of the ISO-8859 character sets, or the UTF-8 character set. The type `unsigned char` is often used to represent a *byte* which is not a built-in type in C++. The char type is not suitable for text in many languages. In general, modern programs should use one of the wide character types to represent text. Unicode is the
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In the C++ standard library, the basic_string type is specialized for both narrow and wide strings. Use std::string when the characters are of type char, and std::wstring when the characters are of type wchar_t. Other types that represent text, including std::stringstream and std::cout have specializations for narrow and wide strings.
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## Remarks
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The **char** type was the original character type in C and C++. The type **unsigned char** is often used to represent a *byte*, which is not a built-in type in C++. The **char** type can be used to store characters from the ASCII character set or any of the ISO-8859 character sets, and individual bytes of multi-byte characters such as Shift-JIS or the UTF-8 encoding of the Unicode character set. Strings of **char** type are referred to as *narrow* strings, even when used to encode multi-byte characters. In the Microsoft compiler, **char** is an 8-bit type.
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The **wchar_t** type is an implementation-defined wide character type. In the Microsoft compiler, it represents a 16-bit wide character used to store Unicode encoded as UTF-16LE, the native character type on Windows operating systems. The wide character versions of the Universal C Runtime (UCRT) library functions use **wchar_t** and its pointer and array types as parameters and return values, as do the wide character versions of the native Windows API.
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The **char16_t** and **char32_t** types represent 16-bit and 32-bit wide characters, respectively. Unicode encoded as UTF-16 can be stored in the **char16_t** type, and Unicode encoded as UTF-32 can be stored in the **char32_t** type. Strings of these types and **wchar_t** are all referred to as *wide* strings, though the term often refers specifically to strings of **wchar_t** type.
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In the C++ standard library, the `basic_string` type is specialized for both narrow and wide strings. Use `std::string` when the characters are of type **char**, `std::u16string` when the characters are of type **char16_t**, `std::u32string` when the characters are of type **char32_t**, and `std::wstring` when the characters are of type **wchar_t**. Other types that represent text, including `std::stringstream` and `std::cout` have specializations for narrow and wide strings.
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‎docs/data/oledb/cdynamicparameteraccessor-class.md‎

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title: "CDynamicParameterAccessor Class | Microsoft Docs"
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ms.date: "11/04/2016"
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ms.date: "02/14/2018"
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---
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# CDynamicParameterAccessor Class
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Similar to [CDynamicAccessor](../../data/oledb/cdynamicaccessor-class.md) but obtains parameter information to be set by calling the [ICommandWithParameters](https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms712937.aspx) interface.
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Similar to [CDynamicAccessor](../../data/oledb/cdynamicaccessor-class.md) but obtains parameter information to be set by calling the [ICommandWithParameters](/sql/relational-databases/native-client-ole-db-interfaces/icommandwithparameters) interface.
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## Syntax
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```cpp
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class CDynamicParameterAccessor : public CDynamicAccessor
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```
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## Members
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### Methods
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|-|-|
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|[CDynamicParameterAccessor](../../data/oledb/cdynamicparameteraccessor-cdynamicparameteraccessor.md)|The constructor.|
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|[GetParam](../../data/oledb/cdynamicparameteraccessor-getparam.md)|Retrieves the parameter data from the buffer.|
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|[GetParamCount](../../data/oledb/cdynamicparameteraccessor-getparamcount.md)|Retrieves the number of parameters in the accessor.|
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|[GetParamIO](../../data/oledb/cdynamicparameteraccessor-getparamio.md)|Determines whether the specified parameter is an input or output parameter.|
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|[GetParamLength](../../data/oledb/cdynamicparameteraccessor-getparamlength.md)|Retrieves the length of the specified parameter stored in the buffer.|
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|[GetParamName](../../data/oledb/cdynamicparameteraccessor-getparamname.md)|Retrieves the name of a specified parameter.|
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|[GetParamStatus](../../data/oledb/cdynamicparameteraccessor-getparamstatus.md)|Retrieves the status of the specified parameter stored in the buffer.|
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|[GetParamString](../../data/oledb/cdynamicparameteraccessor-getparamstring.md)|Retrieves the string data of the specified parameter stored in the buffer.|
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|[GetParamType](../../data/oledb/cdynamicparameteraccessor-getparamtype.md)|Retrieves the data type of a specified parameter.|
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|[SetParam](../../data/oledb/cdynamicparameteraccessor-setparam.md)|Sets the buffer using the parameter data.|
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|[SetParamLength](../../data/oledb/cdynamicparameteraccessor-setparamlength.md)|Sets the length of the specified parameter stored in the buffer.|
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|[SetParamStatus](../../data/oledb/cdynamicparameteraccessor-setparamstatus.md)|Sets the status of the specified parameter stored in the buffer.|
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|[SetParamString](../../data/oledb/cdynamicparameteraccessor-setparamstring.md)|Sets the string data of the specified parameter stored in the buffer.|
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## Remarks
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The provider must support `ICommandWithParameters` for the consumer to use this class.
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The parameter information is stored in a buffer created and managed by this class. Obtain parameter data from the buffer by using [GetParam](../../data/oledb/cdynamicparameteraccessor-getparam.md) and [GetParamType](../../data/oledb/cdynamicparameteraccessor-getparamtype.md).
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For an example demonstrating how to use this class to execute a SQL Server stored procedure and get the output parameter values, see Knowledge Base article Q058860, "HOWTO: Execute Stored Procedure using CDynamicParameterAccessor." Knowledge Base articles are available in the MSDN Library Visual Studio documentation or at [http://support.microsoft.com/](http://support.microsoft.com).
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## Requirements
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**Header**: atldbcli.h
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## See Also
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[OLE DB Consumer Templates](../../data/oledb/ole-db-consumer-templates-cpp.md)
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[OLE DB Consumer Templates Reference](../../data/oledb/ole-db-consumer-templates-reference.md)
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[CAccessor Class](../../data/oledb/caccessor-class.md)
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[CDynamicAccessor Class](../../data/oledb/cdynamicaccessor-class.md)
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[CManualAccessor Class](../../data/oledb/cmanualaccessor-class.md)
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class CDynamicParameterAccessor : public CDynamicAccessor
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```
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## Members
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### Methods
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|-|-|
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|[CDynamicParameterAccessor](../../data/oledb/cdynamicparameteraccessor-cdynamicparameteraccessor.md)|The constructor.|
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|[GetParam](../../data/oledb/cdynamicparameteraccessor-getparam.md)|Retrieves the parameter data from the buffer.|
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|[GetParamCount](../../data/oledb/cdynamicparameteraccessor-getparamcount.md)|Retrieves the number of parameters in the accessor.|
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|[GetParamIO](../../data/oledb/cdynamicparameteraccessor-getparamio.md)|Determines whether the specified parameter is an input or output parameter.|
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|[GetParamLength](../../data/oledb/cdynamicparameteraccessor-getparamlength.md)|Retrieves the length of the specified parameter stored in the buffer.|
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|[GetParamName](../../data/oledb/cdynamicparameteraccessor-getparamname.md)|Retrieves the name of a specified parameter.|
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|[GetParamStatus](../../data/oledb/cdynamicparameteraccessor-getparamstatus.md)|Retrieves the status of the specified parameter stored in the buffer.|
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|[GetParamString](../../data/oledb/cdynamicparameteraccessor-getparamstring.md)|Retrieves the string data of the specified parameter stored in the buffer.|
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|[GetParamType](../../data/oledb/cdynamicparameteraccessor-getparamtype.md)|Retrieves the data type of a specified parameter.|
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|[SetParam](../../data/oledb/cdynamicparameteraccessor-setparam.md)|Sets the buffer using the parameter data.|
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|[SetParamLength](../../data/oledb/cdynamicparameteraccessor-setparamlength.md)|Sets the length of the specified parameter stored in the buffer.|
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|[SetParamStatus](../../data/oledb/cdynamicparameteraccessor-setparamstatus.md)|Sets the status of the specified parameter stored in the buffer.|
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|[SetParamString](../../data/oledb/cdynamicparameteraccessor-setparamstring.md)|Sets the string data of the specified parameter stored in the buffer.|
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## Remarks
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The provider must support `ICommandWithParameters` for the consumer to use this class.
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The parameter information is stored in a buffer created and managed by this class. Obtain parameter data from the buffer by using [GetParam](../../data/oledb/cdynamicparameteraccessor-getparam.md) and [GetParamType](../../data/oledb/cdynamicparameteraccessor-getparamtype.md).
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For an example demonstrating how to use this class to execute a SQL Server stored procedure and get the output parameter values, see the [DynamicConsumer](https://github.com/Microsoft/VCSamples/tree/master/VC2008Samples/ATL/OLEDB/Consumer/DynamicConsumer) sample code in the [Microsoft VCSamples](https://github.com/Microsoft/VCSamples) repository on GitHub.
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## Requirements
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**Header**: atldbcli.h
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## See also
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[OLE DB Consumer Templates](../../data/oledb/ole-db-consumer-templates-cpp.md)
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[OLE DB Consumer Templates Reference](../../data/oledb/ole-db-consumer-templates-reference.md)
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[CAccessor Class](../../data/oledb/caccessor-class.md)
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[CDynamicAccessor Class](../../data/oledb/cdynamicaccessor-class.md)
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[CManualAccessor Class](../../data/oledb/cmanualaccessor-class.md)

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