GPU / GPU benchmarks. Basically, they tell you which algorithms industry really cares about:

• SPEC2017: https://www.spec.org/cpu2017/Docs/index.html#benchmarks

Algorithms that could be included:

• http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2113795/quickest-way-to-find-missing-number-in-an-array-of-numbers

  Find the missing number of an increasing sequence that has been mixed up.

  E.g., start with:

  1 2 3 4 5 6
  

  Mix up:

  6 3 5 4 2 1
  

  Remove an unknown number:

  6 5 4 2 1
  

  Which number was removed?

  Solution: sum up, use the sum formula, take difference.

• http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3492302/easy-interview-question-got-harder-given-numbers-1-100-find-the-missing-numbe

  Same as above, but remove 2 numbers instead.

• http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1586858/find-the-smallest-integer-not-in-a-list

  Find the smallest non-negative integer not in an unsorted array of length N.

  The array is stored in RAM.

  Application: generate unique IDs in a system where any ID can be removed.

  Solution intuition:

  • N is the largest possible value in case of an increasing sequence. This means that you can throw away any number larger than N.
  • if the array were sorted, it would be easy.
  • there are non-comparison sorting algorithms for integers in a fixed range that perform $O(N)$ time $O(1)$ memory.

  Solution: 2 passes, first try to put every number smaller than N in the array position with same value as the number. If already occupied by another number, do the same for the other number. Throw away anything larger than N.

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Out-of-core_algorithm. We currently have tac. Find more.

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partition_problem. Partition a multiset into two sub-multisets such that the sum of each sub-multiset is equal. NP-complete.

  Many not have a solution, which leads to the optimization version: minimize the difference. NP-hard.

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stable_marriage_problem

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Resident_Matching_Program#Matching_algorithm

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stable_roommates_problem

Some NP-complete ones:

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karp%27s_21_NP-complete_problems

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertex_cover

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partition_problem: make teams of equal strength, use two piles of books to make a horizontal table

Computer graphics:

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bresenham's_line_algorithm

Ranking and search algorithms:

• http://www.quora.com/What-algorithm-does-IMDB-use-for-ranking-the-movies-on-its-site

  http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/169032/understanding-the-imdb-weighted-rating-function-for-usage-on-my-own-website

• http://amix.dk/blog/post/19574 how Hacker News ranking algorithm works

  http://amix.dk/blog/post/19588 how Reddit ranking algorithm works. Wilson score interval.

  http://www.evanmiller.org/statistical-formulas-for-programmers.html

• TODO: Sort search results which have some sort of rating, e.g. GitHub "best match" search for repositories, which have stars.

• TODO: Sort search results with multiple fields of different importance. E.g.: title and summary.

• http://www.quora.com/Recommendation-Systems/How-do-ranking-algorithms-eg-Amazon-Tripadvisor-work

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bag-of-words_model

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okapi_BM25

Error correction:

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic_redundancy_check CRC

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamming%287,4%29

  Interesting, it has a matrix representation!

  TODO: what does it mean that it is linear?

• As mentioned at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forward_error_correction, error correction is much more useful for multicast, where it would be impractical for all receivers to request a correction.

  TODO vs Hamming code? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic_code#Hamming_code Many Hamming codes are also CRC. TODO: is there any advantage for those that are not?

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reed%E2%80%93Solomon_error_correction Used in most modern optic and magnetic media.

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erasure_code Some error checking can also deal with erasure.

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cache_algorithms, LRU with heap

• geometric algorithms

  • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closest_pair_of_points_problem, 2D Euclidean can be done in O(n log n)

  • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nearest_neighbor_search#Methods Euclidean.

  • spacial data structures / indexes like R*: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spatial_database