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# An example of embedding CEF browser in wxPython on Linux.
# The official CEF Python binaries come with tcmalloc hook
# disabled. But if you've built custom binaries and kept tcmalloc
# hook enabled, then be aware that in such case it is required
# for the cefpython module to be the very first import in
# python scripts. See Issue 73 in the CEF Python Issue Tracker
# for more details.
import ctypes, os, sys
libcef_so = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)),\
'libcef.so')
if os.path.exists(libcef_so):
# Import local module
ctypes.CDLL(libcef_so, ctypes.RTLD_GLOBAL)
if 0x02070000 <= sys.hexversion < 0x03000000:
import cefpython_py27 as cefpython
else:
raise Exception("Unsupported python version: %s" % sys.version)
else:
# Import from package
from cefpython3 import cefpython
import wx
import time
import re
import uuid
import platform
# Which method to use for message loop processing.
# EVT_IDLE - wx application has priority (default)
# EVT_TIMER - cef browser has priority
# It seems that Flash content behaves better when using a timer.
# IMPORTANT! On Linux EVT_IDLE does not work, the events seems to
# be propagated only when you move your mouse, which is not the
# expected behavior, it is recommended to use EVT_TIMER on Linux,
# so set this value to False.
USE_EVT_IDLE = False
def GetApplicationPath(file=None):
import re, os, platform
# If file is None return current directory without trailing slash.
if file is None:
file = ""
# Only when relative path.
if not file.startswith("/") and not file.startswith("\\") and (
not re.search(r"^[\w-]+:", file)):
if hasattr(sys, "frozen"):
path = os.path.dirname(sys.executable)
elif "__file__" in globals():
path = os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__))
else:
path = os.getcwd()
path = path + os.sep + file
if platform.system() == "Windows":
path = re.sub(r"[/\\]+", re.escape(os.sep), path)
path = re.sub(r"[/\\]+$", "", path)
return path
return str(file)
def ExceptHook(excType, excValue, traceObject):
import traceback, os, time, codecs
# This hook does the following: in case of exception write it to
# the "error.log" file, display it to the console, shutdown CEF
# and exit application immediately by ignoring "finally" (os._exit()).
errorMsg = "\n".join(traceback.format_exception(excType, excValue,
traceObject))
errorFile = GetApplicationPath("error.log")
try:
appEncoding = cefpython.g_applicationSettings["string_encoding"]
except:
appEncoding = "utf-8"
if type(errorMsg) == bytes:
errorMsg = errorMsg.decode(encoding=appEncoding, errors="replace")
try:
with codecs.open(errorFile, mode="a", encoding=appEncoding) as fp:
fp.write("\n[%s] %s\n" % (
time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"), errorMsg))
except:
print("[wxpython.py] WARNING: failed writing to error file: %s" % (
errorFile))
# Convert error message to ascii before printing, otherwise
# you may get error like this:
# | UnicodeEncodeError: 'charmap' codec can't encode characters
errorMsg = errorMsg.encode("ascii", errors="replace")
errorMsg = errorMsg.decode("ascii", errors="replace")
print("\n"+errorMsg+"\n")
cefpython.QuitMessageLoop()
cefpython.Shutdown()
os._exit(1)
class MainFrame(wx.Frame):
browser = None
mainPanel = None
def __init__(self, url=None):
wx.Frame.__init__(self, parent=None, id=wx.ID_ANY,
title='wxPython CEF 3 example', size=(800,600))
if not url:
url = "file://"+GetApplicationPath("wxpython.html")
self.CreateMenu()
# Cannot attach browser to the main frame as this will cause
# the menu not to work.
# --
# You also have to set the wx.WANTS_CHARS style for
# all parent panels/controls, if it's deeply embedded.
self.mainPanel = wx.Panel(self, style=wx.WANTS_CHARS)
windowInfo = cefpython.WindowInfo()
windowInfo.SetAsChild(self.mainPanel.GetGtkWidget())
# Linux requires adding "file://" for local files,
# otherwise /home/some will be replaced as http://home/some
self.browser = cefpython.CreateBrowserSync(
windowInfo,
# If there are problems with Flash you can disable it here,
# by disabling all plugins.
browserSettings={"plugins_disabled": False},
navigateUrl=url)
clientHandler = ClientHandler()
self.browser.SetClientHandler(clientHandler)
cefpython.SetGlobalClientCallback("OnCertificateError",
clientHandler._OnCertificateError)
cefpython.SetGlobalClientCallback("OnBeforePluginLoad",
clientHandler._OnBeforePluginLoad)
jsBindings = cefpython.JavascriptBindings(
bindToFrames=False, bindToPopups=True)
jsBindings.SetFunction("PyPrint", PyPrint)
jsBindings.SetProperty("pyProperty", "This was set in Python")
jsBindings.SetProperty("pyConfig", ["This was set in Python",
{"name": "Nested dictionary", "isNested": True},
[1,"2", None]])
jsBindings.SetObject("external", JavascriptExternal(self.browser))
self.browser.SetJavascriptBindings(jsBindings)
self.Bind(wx.EVT_CLOSE, self.OnClose)
if USE_EVT_IDLE:
# Bind EVT_IDLE only for the main application frame.
self.Bind(wx.EVT_IDLE, self.OnIdle)
def CreateMenu(self):
filemenu = wx.Menu()
filemenu.Append(1, "Open")
exit = filemenu.Append(2, "Exit")
self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU, self.OnClose, exit)
aboutmenu = wx.Menu()
aboutmenu.Append(1, "CEF Python")
menubar = wx.MenuBar()
menubar.Append(filemenu,"&File")
menubar.Append(aboutmenu, "&About")
self.SetMenuBar(menubar)
def OnClose(self, event):
self.browser.CloseBrowser()
self.Destroy()
def OnIdle(self, event):
cefpython.MessageLoopWork()
def PyPrint(message):
print("[wxpython.py] PyPrint: "+message)
class JavascriptExternal:
mainBrowser = None
stringVisitor = None
def __init__(self, mainBrowser):
self.mainBrowser = mainBrowser
def GoBack(self):
self.mainBrowser.GoBack()
def GoForward(self):
self.mainBrowser.GoForward()
def CreateAnotherBrowser(self, url=None):
frame = MainFrame(url=url)
frame.Show()
def Print(self, message):
print("[wxpython.py] Print: "+message)
def TestAllTypes(self, *args):
print("[wxpython.py] TestAllTypes: "+str(args))
def ExecuteFunction(self, *args):
self.mainBrowser.GetMainFrame().ExecuteFunction(*args)
def TestJSCallback(self, jsCallback):
print("[wxpython.py] jsCallback.GetFunctionName() = %s"\
% jsCallback.GetFunctionName())
print("[wxpython.py] jsCallback.GetFrame().GetIdentifier() = %s" % \
jsCallback.GetFrame().GetIdentifier())
jsCallback.Call("This message was sent from python using js callback")
def TestJSCallbackComplexArguments(self, jsObject):
jsCallback = jsObject["myCallback"];
jsCallback.Call(1, None, 2.14, "string", ["list", ["nested list", \
{"nested object":None}]], \
{"nested list next":[{"deeply nested object":1}]})
def TestPythonCallback(self, jsCallback):
jsCallback.Call(self.PyCallback)
def PyCallback(self, *args):
message = "PyCallback() was executed successfully! "\
"Arguments: %s" % str(args)
print("[wxpython.py] "+message)
self.mainBrowser.GetMainFrame().ExecuteJavascript(
"window.alert(\"%s\")" % message)
def GetSource(self):
# Must keep a strong reference to the StringVisitor object
# during the visit.
self.stringVisitor = StringVisitor()
self.mainBrowser.GetMainFrame().GetSource(self.stringVisitor)
def GetText(self):
# Must keep a strong reference to the StringVisitor object
# during the visit.
self.stringVisitor = StringVisitor()
self.mainBrowser.GetMainFrame().GetText(self.stringVisitor)
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Cookies
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
cookieVisitor = None
def VisitAllCookies(self):
# Need to keep the reference alive.
self.cookieVisitor = CookieVisitor()
cookieManager = self.mainBrowser.GetUserData("cookieManager")
if not cookieManager:
print("\n[wxpython.py] Cookie manager not yet created! Visit"\
" the cookietester website first and create some cookies")
return
cookieManager.VisitAllCookies(self.cookieVisitor)
def VisitUrlCookies(self):
# Need to keep the reference alive.
self.cookieVisitor = CookieVisitor()
cookieManager = self.mainBrowser.GetUserData("cookieManager")
if not cookieManager:
print("\n[wxpython.py] Cookie manager not yet created! Visit"\
" the cookietester website first and create some cookies")
return
cookieManager.VisitUrlCookies(
"http://www.html-kit.com/tools/cookietester/",
False, self.cookieVisitor)
# .www.html-kit.com
def SetCookie(self):
cookieManager = self.mainBrowser.GetUserData("cookieManager")
if not cookieManager:
print("\n[wxpython.py] Cookie manager not yet created! Visit"\
"the cookietester website first and create some cookies")
return
cookie = cefpython.Cookie()
cookie.SetName("Created_Via_Python")
cookie.SetValue("yeah really")
cookieManager.SetCookie("http://www.html-kit.com/tools/cookietester/",
cookie)
print("\n[wxpython.py] Cookie created! Visit html-kit cookietester to"\
" see it")
def DeleteCookies(self):
cookieManager = self.mainBrowser.GetUserData("cookieManager")
if not cookieManager:
print("\n[wxpython.py] Cookie manager not yet created! Visit"\
" the cookietester website first and create some cookies")
return
cookieManager.DeleteCookies(
"http://www.html-kit.com/tools/cookietester/",
"Created_Via_Python")
print("\n[wxpython.py] Cookie deleted! Visit html-kit cookietester "\
"to see the result")
class StringVisitor:
def Visit(self, string):
print("\n[wxpython.py] StringVisitor.Visit(): string:")
print("--------------------------------")
print(string)
print("--------------------------------")
class CookieVisitor:
def Visit(self, cookie, count, total, deleteCookie):
if count == 0:
print("\n[wxpython.py] CookieVisitor.Visit(): total cookies: %s"\
% total)
print("\n[wxpython.py] CookieVisitor.Visit(): cookie:")
print(" "+str(cookie.Get()))
# True to continue visiting cookies
return True
class ClientHandler:
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
# DisplayHandler
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
def OnAddressChange(self, browser, frame, url):
print("[wxpython.py] DisplayHandler::OnAddressChange()")
print(" url = %s" % url)
def OnTitleChange(self, browser, title):
print("[wxpython.py] DisplayHandler::OnTitleChange()")
print(" title = %s" % title)
def OnTooltip(self, browser, textOut):
# OnTooltip not yet implemented (both Linux and Windows),
# will be fixed in next CEF release, see Issue 783:
# https://code.google.com/p/chromiumembedded/issues/detail?id=783
print("[wxpython.py] DisplayHandler::OnTooltip()")
print(" text = %s" % textOut[0])
statusMessageCount = 0
def OnStatusMessage(self, browser, value):
if not value:
# Do not notify in the console about empty statuses.
return
self.statusMessageCount += 1
if self.statusMessageCount > 3:
# Do not spam too much.
return
print("[wxpython.py] DisplayHandler::OnStatusMessage()")
print(" value = %s" % value)
def OnConsoleMessage(self, browser, message, source, line):
print("[wxpython.py] DisplayHandler::OnConsoleMessage()")
print(" message = %s" % message)
print(" source = %s" % source)
print(" line = %s" % line)
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
# KeyboardHandler
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
def OnPreKeyEvent(self, browser, event, eventHandle,
isKeyboardShortcutOut):
print("[wxpython.py] KeyboardHandler::OnPreKeyEvent()")
def OnKeyEvent(self, browser, event, eventHandle):
print("[wxpython.py] KeyboardHandler::OnKeyEvent()")
print(" native_key_code = %s" % event["native_key_code"])
if platform.system() == "Linux":
# F5 = 71
if event["native_key_code"] == 71:
print("[wxpython.py] F5 pressed! Reloading page..")
browser.ReloadIgnoreCache()
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
# RequestHandler
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
def OnBeforeBrowse(self, browser, frame, request, isRedirect):
print("[wxpython.py] RequestHandler::OnBeforeBrowse()")
print(" url = %s" % request.GetUrl()[:70])
return False
def OnBeforeResourceLoad(self, browser, frame, request):
print("[wxpython.py] RequestHandler::OnBeforeResourceLoad()")
print(" url = %s" % request.GetUrl()[:70])
return False
def OnResourceRedirect(self, browser, frame, oldUrl, newUrlOut):
print("[wxpython.py] RequestHandler::OnResourceRedirect()")
print(" old url = %s" % oldUrl[:70])
print(" new url = %s" % newUrlOut[0][:70])
def GetAuthCredentials(self, browser, frame, isProxy, host, port, realm,
scheme, callback):
# This callback is called on the IO thread, thus print messages
# may not be visible.
print("[wxpython.py] RequestHandler::GetAuthCredentials()")
print(" host = %s" % host)
print(" realm = %s" % realm)
callback.Continue(username="test", password="test")
return True
def OnQuotaRequest(self, browser, originUrl, newSize, callback):
print("[wxpython.py] RequestHandler::OnQuotaRequest()")
print(" origin url = %s" % originUrl)
print(" new size = %s" % newSize)
callback.Continue(True)
return True
def GetCookieManager(self, browser, mainUrl):
# Create unique cookie manager for each browser.
# You must set the "unique_request_context_per_browser"
# application setting to True for the cookie manager
# to work.
# Return None to have one global cookie manager for
# all CEF browsers.
if not browser:
# The browser param may be empty in some exceptional
# case, see docs.
return None
cookieManager = browser.GetUserData("cookieManager")
if cookieManager:
return cookieManager
else:
print("[wxpython.py] RequestHandler::GetCookieManager():"\
" created cookie manager")
cookieManager = cefpython.CookieManager.CreateManager("")
browser.SetUserData("cookieManager", cookieManager)
return cookieManager
def OnProtocolExecution(self, browser, url, allowExecutionOut):
# There's no default implementation for OnProtocolExecution on Linux,
# you have to make OS system call on your own. You probably also need
# to use LoadHandler::OnLoadError() when implementing this on Linux.
print("[wxpython.py] RequestHandler::OnProtocolExecution()")
print(" url = %s" % url)
if url.startswith("magnet:"):
print("[wxpython.py] Magnet link allowed!")
allowExecutionOut[0] = True
def _OnBeforePluginLoad(self, browser, url, policyUrl, info):
# Plugins are loaded on demand, only when website requires it,
# the same plugin may be called multiple times.
# This callback is called on the IO thread, thus print messages
# may not be visible.
print("[wxpython.py] RequestHandler::OnBeforePluginLoad()")
print(" url = %s" % url)
print(" policy url = %s" % policyUrl)
print(" info.GetName() = %s" % info.GetName())
print(" info.GetPath() = %s" % info.GetPath())
print(" info.GetVersion() = %s" % info.GetVersion())
print(" info.GetDescription() = %s" % info.GetDescription())
# False to allow, True to block plugin.
return False
def _OnCertificateError(self, certError, requestUrl, callback):
print("[wxpython.py] RequestHandler::OnCertificateError()")
print(" certError = %s" % certError)
print(" requestUrl = %s" % requestUrl)
if requestUrl.startswith(
"https://tv.eurosport.com/do-not-allow"):
print(" Not allowed!")
return False
if requestUrl.startswith(
"https://tv.eurosport.com/"):
print(" Allowed!")
callback.Continue(True)
return True
return False
def OnRendererProcessTerminated(self, browser, status):
print("[wxpython.py] RequestHandler::OnRendererProcessTerminated()")
statuses = {
cefpython.TS_ABNORMAL_TERMINATION: "TS_ABNORMAL_TERMINATION",
cefpython.TS_PROCESS_WAS_KILLED: "TS_PROCESS_WAS_KILLED",
cefpython.TS_PROCESS_CRASHED: "TS_PROCESS_CRASHED"
}
statusName = "Unknown"
if status in statuses:
statusName = statuses[status]
print(" status = %s" % statusName)
def OnPluginCrashed(self, browser, pluginPath):
print("[wxpython.py] RequestHandler::OnPluginCrashed()")
print(" plugin path = %s" % pluginPath)
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
# LoadHandler
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
def OnLoadingStateChange(self, browser, isLoading, canGoBack,
canGoForward):
print("[wxpython.py] LoadHandler::OnLoadingStateChange()")
print(" isLoading = %s, canGoBack = %s, canGoForward = %s" \
% (isLoading, canGoBack, canGoForward))
def OnLoadStart(self, browser, frame):
print("[wxpython.py] LoadHandler::OnLoadStart()")
print(" frame url = %s" % frame.GetUrl()[:70])
def OnLoadEnd(self, browser, frame, httpStatusCode):
print("[wxpython.py] LoadHandler::OnLoadEnd()")
print(" frame url = %s" % frame.GetUrl()[:70])
# For file:// urls the status code = 0
print(" http status code = %s" % httpStatusCode)
def OnLoadError(self, browser, frame, errorCode, errorTextList, failedUrl):
print("[wxpython.py] LoadHandler::OnLoadError()")
print(" frame url = %s" % frame.GetUrl()[:70])
print(" error code = %s" % errorCode)
print(" error text = %s" % errorTextList[0])
print(" failed url = %s" % failedUrl)
customErrorMessage = "My custom error message!"
frame.LoadUrl("data:text/html,%s" % customErrorMessage)
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
# LifespanHandler
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Empty place-holders: popupFeatures, windowInfo, client, browserSettings.
def OnBeforePopup(self, browser, frame, targetUrl, targetFrameName,\
popupFeatures, windowInfo, client, browserSettings,\
noJavascriptAccess):
print("[wxpython.py] LifespanHandler::OnBeforePopup()")
print(" targetUrl = %s" % targetUrl)
allowPopups = True
return not allowPopups
class MyApp(wx.App):
timer = None
timerID = 1
timerCount = 0
def OnInit(self):
if not USE_EVT_IDLE:
self.CreateTimer()
frame = MainFrame()
self.SetTopWindow(frame)
frame.Show()
return True
def CreateTimer(self):
# See "Making a render loop":
# http://wiki.wxwidgets.org/Making_a_render_loop
# Another approach is to use EVT_IDLE in MainFrame,
# see which one fits you better.
self.timer = wx.Timer(self, self.timerID)
self.timer.Start(10) # 10ms
wx.EVT_TIMER(self, self.timerID, self.OnTimer)
def OnTimer(self, event):
self.timerCount += 1
# print("[wxpython.py] OnTimer() %d" % self.timerCount)
cefpython.MessageLoopWork()
def OnExit(self):
# When app.MainLoop() returns, MessageLoopWork() should
# not be called anymore.
if not USE_EVT_IDLE:
self.timer.Stop()
if __name__ == '__main__':
# Intercept python exceptions. Exit app immediately when exception
# happens on any of the threads.
sys.excepthook = ExceptHook
settings = {
"debug": True, # cefpython debug messages in console and in log_file
"log_severity": cefpython.LOGSEVERITY_INFO, # LOGSEVERITY_VERBOSE
"log_file": GetApplicationPath("debug.log"), # Set to "" to disable.
"release_dcheck_enabled": True, # Enable only when debugging.
# This directories must be set on Linux
"locales_dir_path": cefpython.GetModuleDirectory()+"/locales",
"resources_dir_path": cefpython.GetModuleDirectory(),
"browser_subprocess_path": "%s/%s" % (
cefpython.GetModuleDirectory(), "subprocess"),
# This option is required for the GetCookieManager callback
# to work. It affects renderer processes, when this option
# is set to True. It will force a separate renderer process
# for each browser created using CreateBrowserSync.
"unique_request_context_per_browser": True
}
# See Chromium switches:
# https://src.chromium.org/svn/trunk/src/chrome/common/chrome_switches.cc
# See CEF switches:
# https://code.google.com/p/chromiumembedded/source/browse/trunk/cef3/libcef/common/cef_switches.cc
switches = {
# "proxy-server": "socks5://127.0.0.1:8888",
# "enable-media-stream": "",
# "--invalid-switch": "" -> Invalid switch name
}
cefpython.Initialize(settings, switches)
print('[wxpython.py] wx.version=%s' % wx.version())
app = MyApp(False)
app.MainLoop()
# Let wx.App destructor do the cleanup before calling cefpython.Shutdown().
del app
cefpython.Shutdown()