tema

See also: Appendix:Variations of "tema"

Languages (29)

Catalan • Chungli Ao • Danish • Dena'ina • Esperanto • Estonian • Faroese • Galician • Indonesian • Italian • Japanese • Kikuyu • Lithuanian • Maltese • Norwegian Bokmål • Norwegian Nynorsk • Old English • Portuguese • Romansh • Serbo-Croatian • Shona • Slovene • Spanish • Swahili • Swedish • Tagalog • Tooro • Turkish • Uzbek

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Page categories

Catalan

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin thema, from Ancient Greek θέμα (théma).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Northern) [ˈte̞.mə]
• IPA^(key): (Balearic, Central) [ˈte.mə]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia, Northwestern) [ˈte.ma]

• Audio (Barcelona):

  (file)

Noun

tema m (plural temes)

1. theme
2. topic, subject
3. (linguistics) theme, topic

   Synonym: tòpic

   Antonym: rema

4. (Internet) discussion thread, topic

   Synonym: fil

Derived terms

• tematització

Related terms

• temàtic

Further reading

• “tema”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2026
• Alcover, Antoni Maria; Moll, Francesc de Borja (1963), “tema”, in Diccionari català-valencià-balear (in Catalan)

Chungli Ao

Etymology

From Proto-Central Naga *hmaj.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tɯ˥.ma˥/, [tə˥.ma˥]

Noun

tema

1. surface

Derived terms

• madak

Further reading

• Bruhn, Daniel Wayne (2014), A Phonological Reconstruction of Proto-Central Naga‎^[1], Berkeley: University of California, pages 78, 189

Danish

Etymology

From Ancient Greek θέμα (théma).

Noun

tema n (singular definite temaet, plural indefinite temaer)

1. a theme
2. a subject, topic

Declension

Declension of tema

neuter gender	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	tema	temaet	temaer	temaerne
genitive	temas	temaets	temaers	temaernes

Derived terms

• afstemningstema
• grundtema
• hovedtema
• sidetema
• temahæfte
• temanummer
• tematisere
• tematisk
• valgtema

See also

• emne
• motiv

References

• “tema” in Den Danske Ordbog

Dena'ina

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tʰəma/

Noun

tema

1. slush ice

References

• Kari, James (2013), Denaʼina Topical Dictionary, Revised Edition, Alaska Native Language Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, page 132

Esperanto

Etymology

Etymology tree

Esperanto temo

Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂

Proto-Italic *-ā

Latin -ader.

▲

Latin -a

Italian -ader.

▲

Latin -a

Old Spanish -a

Spanish -ader.

Esperanto -a

Esperanto tema

From temo + -a.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtema/
• Rhymes: -ema
• Syllabification: te‧ma

Adjective

tema (accusative singular teman, plural temaj, accusative plural temajn)

1. subject; related to a topic

Further reading

• “tema”, in Plena Ilustrita Vortaro de Esperanto [Complete Illustrated Dictionary of Esperanto], 2020, →ISBN

Estonian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *tämä, from Proto-Uralic *tä. Cognate with Finnish tämä, Northern Sami dát and Hungarian té- in tétova (“here and there”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtemɑ/
• Hyphenation: te‧ma

Pronoun

tema (genitive tema, partitive teda, short form ta)

1. he/she (3rd person singular animate personal pronoun)

Usage notes

• Used stressed in a sentence; when the pronoun is unstressed, ta is used.

Declension

Declension of the Estonian personal pronouns

	singular						plural
	1st person		2nd person		3rd person		1st person		2nd person		3rd person
	long	short	long	short	long	short	long	short	long	short	long	short
nominative	mina	ma	sina	sa	tema	ta	meie	me	teie	te	nemad	nad
genitive1	minu	mu	sinu	su	tema	ta	meie	me	teie	te	nende
partitive	mind		sind		teda		meid		teid		neid
illative	minusse	musse	sinusse	susse	temasse	tasse	–	meisse	–	teisse	nendesse	neisse
inessive	minus	mus	sinus	sus	temas	tas	–	meis	–	teis	nendes	neis
elative	minust	must	sinust	sust	temast	tast	–	meist	–	teist	nendest	neist
allative	minule	mulle	sinule	sulle	temale	talle	–	meile	–	teile	nendele	neile
adessive	minul	mul	sinul	sul	temal	tal	–	meil	–	teil	nendel	neil
ablative	minult	mult	sinult	sult	temalt	talt	–	meilt	–	teilt	nendelt	neilt
translative	minuks	–	sinuks	–	temaks	–	meieks	meiks	teieks	teiks	nendeks	neiks
terminative	minuni	–	sinuni	–	temani	–	meieni	–	teieni	–	nendeni	–
essive	minuna	–	sinuna	–	temana	–	meiena	–	teiena	–	nendena	–
abessive	minuta	–	sinuta	–	temata	–	meieta	–	teieta	–	nendeta	–
comitative	minuga	muga	sinuga	suga	temaga	taga	meiega	–	teiega	–	nendega	–

1) Also used possessively.
Forms in italics are nonstandard.

Further reading

• “tema”, in [EKSS] Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat [Descriptive Dictionary of the Estonian Language] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2009
• “tema”, in [ÕS] Eesti õigekeelsussõnaraamat ÕS 2018 [Estonian Spelling Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2018, →ISBN
• tema in Sõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut)

Faroese

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin thema, from Ancient Greek θέμα (théma).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtʰeːma/

Noun

tema n (genitive singular tema, plural temu or temur)

1. theme; subject

Declension

n1	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	tema	temað	temu, temur	temuni
accusative	tema	temað	temu, temur	temuni
dative	tema	temanum	temum	temunum
genitive	tema	temans	temna	temnanna

Synonyms

• evni

Derived terms

• temadagur
• temakvøld
• temavika

Further reading

• "tema" at Sprotin.fo

Galician

Verb

tema

1. inflection of temer:
   1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
   2. third-person singular imperative

Indonesian

Etymology

From Dutch thema, from Latin thema, from Ancient Greek θέμα (théma).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈtɛma]
• Hyphenation: tè‧ma
• Rhymes: -ma, -a

Noun

tèma (plural tema-tema)

1. theme

Derived terms

• bertema
• bertemakan

Related terms

• tematik
• tematis

Further reading

• “tema”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

Italian

Etymology 1

From Latin thema, from Ancient Greek θέμα (théma).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtɛ.ma/
• Rhymes: -ɛma
• Hyphenation: tè‧ma

Noun

tema m (plural temi)

1. theme, subject
2. (linguistics) stem
3. thesis

Related terms

• a tema
• sottotema
• tematico

Descendants

• → Turkish: tema

Etymology 2

From the verb temere. Compare Romanian teamă, Romansh tema, temma.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtɛ.ma/, (traditional) /ˈte.ma/
• Rhymes: -ɛma, (traditional) -ema
• Hyphenation: tè‧ma, (traditional) té‧ma

Noun

tema f (plural teme)

1. fear

Verb

tema

1. inflection of temere:
   1. first/second/third-person singular present subjunctive
   2. third-person singular imperative

Anagrams

• Meta, mate, matè, meta, meta-, metà, team

Japanese

Romanization

tema

1. Rōmaji transcription of てま

Kikuyu

Etymology

Hinde (1904) records kutemma as an equivalent of English mutilate in “Jogowini dialect” of Kikuyu.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tɛma/

Verb

tema (infinitive gũtema)

1. to cut (with a knife)

Synonyms

• gũtinia

Derived terms

(Nouns)

• ndemwa class 9/10
• mũtemi class 1

(Verbs)

• gũtemera
• gũtemwo

(Proverbs)

• gũtema na kanua ti gũtema na rũhiũ
• rũtemaga mwenji

References

• Armstrong, Lilias E. (1940). The Phonetic and Tonal Structure of Kikuyu, p. 363. Rep. 1967. (Also in 2018 by Routledge).
• Barlow, A. Ruffell (1960). Studies in Kikuyu Grammar and Idiom, p. 32.

Lithuanian

Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek θέμα (théma); cognate to Latin thema.

Noun

temà f (plural tèmos) stress pattern 2

1. theme; subject

Declension

Declension of temà

	singular	plural
nominative	temà	tèmos
genitive	tèmos	tèmų
dative	tèmai	tèmoms
accusative	tèmą	temàs
instrumental	temà	tèmomis
locative	tèmoje	tèmose
vocative	tèma	tèmos

Maltese

Etymology

Borrowed from Italian tema.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtɛː.ma/
• Rhymes: -ɛːma

Noun

tema m or f (plural temi)

1. topic, theme

See also

• tema’

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Ancient Greek θέμα (théma).

Noun

tema n (definite singular temaet, indefinite plural tema or temaer, definite plural temaene)

1. a theme
2. a subject or topic

Derived terms

• temapark

References

• “tema” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Ancient Greek θέμα (théma).

Noun

tema n (definite singular temaet, indefinite plural tema, definite plural temaa)

1. a theme
2. a subject or topic

Derived terms

• temapark

References

• “tema” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈte.mɑ/

Verb

tema

1. singular imperative of temian, to tame

Portuguese

Pronunciation

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈtẽ.mɐ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈte.mɐ/

• Rhymes: -emɐ
• Hyphenation: te‧ma

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-redup.

Proto-Indo-European *-ti

Proto-Indo-European *dʰédʰeh₁ti

Proto-Hellenic *títʰēmi

Ancient Greek τῐ́θημῐ (tĭ́thēmĭ)

Proto-Indo-European *-mn̥

Proto-Hellenic *-mə

Ancient Greek -μᾰ (-mă)

Ancient Greek θέμα (théma)bor.

Latin themalbor.

Portuguese tema

Learned borrowing from Latin thema, borrowed from Ancient Greek θέμα (théma). Doublet of teima.

Alternative forms

• thema (obsolete)

Noun

tema m (plural temas)

1. theme; topic; subject (what something is about)

   Synonym: tópico

2. theme; motif (recurring idea)

   Synonym: motivo

3. (music) theme (main melody of a piece of music)
4. (film, television) theme (melody that identifies a film or programme)
5. (linguistic morphology) theme (the main stem of a word, without the affixes)
6. (graphical user interface) theme; skin (colour schemes, sounds, artwork of an application)

   Synonym: skin

7. (historical) theme (regional unit of the Byzantine empire)

Derived terms

• teminha (diminutive), temazinho (diminutive)

Related terms

• temático

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

tema

1. inflection of temer:
   1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
   2. third-person singular imperative

Further reading

• “tema”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2026
• “tema”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2026

Romansh

Etymology 1

From Latin thema, from Ancient Greek θέμα (théma).

Noun

tema m (plural temas)

1. (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Sutsilvan, Surmiran, Puter, Vallader) subject, topic, theme

Etymology 2

From temair, temer, etc. Compare Italian tema, Romanian teamă.

Alternative forms

• temma (Puter, Vallader)

Noun

tema f (plural temas)

1. (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Sutsilvan, Surmiran) fear

Serbo-Croatian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /těːma/
• Hyphenation: te‧ma

Noun

téma f (Cyrillic spelling те́ма)

1. theme, subject

Declension

Declension of tema

	singular	plural
nominative	tema	teme
genitive	teme	tema
dative	temi	temama
accusative	temu	teme
vocative	temo	teme
locative	temi	temama
instrumental	temom	temama

Shona

Adjective

-temá

1. black
2. dark

Inflection

Inflected forms of -temá

singular		plural
class 1	mutemá	class 2	vatemá
class 3	mutemá	class 4	mitemá
class 5	demá	class 6	matemá
class 7	chitemá	class 8	zvitemá
class 9	nhemá	class 10	nhemá
class 11	rutemá
class 12	katemá	class 13	tutemá
class 14	utemá
class 15	kutemá
locative classes
class 16	class 17	class 18
patemá	kutemá	mutemá

Slovene

Etymology 1

From Proto-Slavic *tьma.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /təmá/, /tə́ma/

Noun

təmȁ or tə̏ma f

1. dark, darkness

Declension

Declension of tema
nom. sing.	temà
gen. sing.	temè
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	temà	temì	temè
accusative	temò	temì	temè
genitive	temè	tèm	tèm
dative	temì	temáma	temàm
locative	temì	temàh	temàh
instrumental	temò	temáma	temámi

The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.

Feminine, a-stem
nom. sing.	tèma
gen. sing.	tème
	singular	dual	plural
nominative (imenovȃlnik)	tèma	tèmi	tème
genitive (rodȋlnik)	tème	tèm	tèm
dative (dajȃlnik)	tèmi	tèmama	tèmam
accusative (tožȋlnik)	tèmo	tèmi	tème
locative (mẹ̑stnik)	tèmi	tèmah	tèmah
instrumental (orọ̑dnik)	tèmo	tèmama	tèmami

Etymology 2

From Latin thema, from Ancient Greek θέμᾰ (thémă).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /téːma/

Noun

tẹ̑ma f

1. topic, theme

Declension

The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.

Feminine, a-stem
nom. sing.	téma
gen. sing.	téme
	singular	dual	plural
nominative (imenovȃlnik)	téma	témi	téme
genitive (rodȋlnik)	téme	tém	tém
dative (dajȃlnik)	témi	témama	témam
accusative (tožȋlnik)	témo	témi	téme
locative (mẹ̑stnik)	témi	témah	témah
instrumental (orọ̑dnik)	témo	témama	témami

Further reading

• “tema”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU (in Slovene), 2014–2026

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtema/ [ˈt̪e.ma]
• Rhymes: -ema
• Syllabification: te‧ma

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-redup.

Proto-Indo-European *-ti

Proto-Indo-European *dʰédʰeh₁ti

Proto-Hellenic *títʰēmi

Ancient Greek τῐ́θημῐ (tĭ́thēmĭ)

Proto-Indo-European *-mn̥

Proto-Hellenic *-mə

Ancient Greek -μᾰ (-mă)

Ancient Greek θέμα (théma)bor.

Latin themalbor.

Spanish tema

Learned borrowing from Latin thema, borrowed from Ancient Greek θέμα (théma). Doublet of taima.

Noun

tema m (plural temas)

1. theme; plot (of a book, film or other media)

   Me gusta la serie porque el tema es complicado.

   I like the series because the plot is complicated.

2. topic; matter; subject

   el tema es que… ― the thing is…

   por el tema de ― because of…

3. (education) unit
4. (linguistics) theme; topic

   Coordinate term: rema

5. song, track

   Alternative forms: (augmentative) temazo, (augmentative) temón

Derived terms

• aquí hay tema
• cada loco con su tema
• darle al tema
• fuera de tema (“off-topic”)
• temar
• temario
• tematizar

Related terms

• temática
• temático

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

tema

1. inflection of temar:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative
2. inflection of temer:
   1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
   2. third-person singular imperative

Further reading

• “tema”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8.1, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 15 December 2025

Swahili

Pronunciation

• Audio (Kenya):

  (file)

Verb

-tema (infinitive kutema)

1. to slash, to cut with a panga
2. to spit

Conjugation

Conjugation of -tema
Positive present -natema Subjunctive -teme Negative -temi Imperative singular tema
Infinitives
Positive kutema Negative kutotema
Imperatives
Singular tema Plural temeni
Tensed forms
Habitual hutema Positive past positive subject concord + -litema Negative past negative subject concord + -kutema
Positive present (positive subject concord + -natema) Singular Plural 1st person ninatema/natema tunatema 2nd person unatema mnatema 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anatema wanatema other classes positive subject concord + -natema
Negative present (negative subject concord + -temi) Singular Plural 1st person sitemi hatutemi 2nd person hutemi hamtemi 3rd person m-wa(I/II) hatemi hawatemi other classes negative subject concord + -temi
Positive future positive subject concord + -tatema Negative future negative subject concord + -tatema
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -teme) Singular Plural 1st person niteme tuteme 2nd person uteme mteme 3rd person m-wa(I/II) ateme wateme other classes positive subject concord + -teme
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -siteme Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngetema Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singetema Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalitema Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalitema
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -atema) Singular Plural 1st person natema twatema 2nd person watema mwatema 3rd person m-wa(I/II) atema watema m-mi(III/IV) watema yatema ji-ma(V/VI) latema yatema ki-vi(VII/VIII) chatema vyatema n(IX/X) yatema zatema u(XI) watema see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwatema pa(XVI) patema mu(XVIII) mwatema
Perfect positive subject concord + -metema "Already" positive subject concord + -meshatema "Not yet" negative subject concord + -jatema "If/When" positive subject concord + -kitema "If not" positive subject concord + -sipotema Consecutive katema / positive subject concord + -katema Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kateme
Object concord (indicative positive) Singular Plural 1st person -nitema -tutema 2nd person -kutema -watema/-kutemeni/-watemeni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mtema -watema m-mi(III/IV) -utema -itema ji-ma(V/VI) -litema -yatema ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kitema -vitema n(IX/X) -itema -zitema u(XI) -utema see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kutema pa(XVI) -patema mu(XVIII) -mutema Reflexive -jitema
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -tema- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -temaye -temao m-mi(III/IV) -temao -temayo ji-ma(V/VI) -temalo -temayo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -temacho -temavyo n(IX/X) -temayo -temazo u(XI) -temao see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -temako pa(XVI) -temapo mu(XVIII) -temamo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -tema) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yetema -otema m-mi(III/IV) -otema -yotema ji-ma(V/VI) -lotema -yotema ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chotema -vyotema n(IX/X) -yotema -zotema u(XI) -otema see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kotema pa(XVI) -potema mu(XVIII) -motema
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

• Verbal derivations:
  • Applicative: -temea
  • Causative: -temesha
  • Stative: -temeka

• Nominal derivations:
  • utemaji (“spitting”)

Swedish

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin thema.

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

tema n

1. a theme, a topic

Declension

Declension of tema

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	tema	temas
	definite	temat	temats
plural	indefinite	teman	temans
	definite	temana	temanas

Related terms

• tematisk

Further reading

• “tema”, in Svensk ordbok [Dictionary of Swedish] (in Swedish)

Anagrams

• meta, tame, team

Tagalog

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-redup.

Proto-Indo-European *-ti

Proto-Indo-European *dʰédʰeh₁ti

Proto-Hellenic *títʰēmi

Ancient Greek τῐ́θημῐ (tĭ́thēmĭ)

Proto-Indo-European *-mn̥

Proto-Hellenic *-mə

Ancient Greek -μᾰ (-mă)

Ancient Greek θέμα (théma)bor.

Latin themalbor.

Spanish temabor.

Tagalog tema

Borrowed from Spanish tema.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ˈtema/ [ˈt̪ɛː.mɐ]
• Rhymes: -ema
• Syllabification: te‧ma

Noun

tema (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜒᜋ)

1. theme; subject

   Synonym: paksa

2. (colloquial) resentment (often expressed indirectly in one's words)

   Synonyms: hinanakit, sama ng loob, pagdaramdam

Derived terms

• temahan
• temahin

See also

• pahatid
• mensahe

Anagrams

• mate

Tooro

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Bantu *-téma.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /téma/

Verb

-tema (infinitive okutema) (transitive)

1. (with an axe or machete) to cut, chop, fell

   Near-synonym: -sara

2. (of snakes) to bite

   Near-synonym: -ruma

Conjugation

Conjugation of -tema

infinitives affirmative okutema negative okutatema imperatives affirmative tema negative (see second-person negative subjunctive forms) tense polarity basic forms relative forms1 present habitual affirmative subject concord + -tema person noun class singular plural first person ntema tutema second person otema mutema third person 1/2 atema batema 3/4 gutema etema 5/6 litema gatema 7/8 kitema bitema 9/10 etema zitema 11/10 rutema 12/14 katema butema 13 — tutema 14/6 butema gatema 15/6 kutema 16 hatema — negative ti- + subject concord + -tema person noun class singular plural first person tintema titutema second person totema timutema third person 1/2 tatema tibatema 3/4 tigutema tetema 5/6 tiritema tigatema 7/8 tikitema tibitema 9/10 tetema tizitema 11/10 tirutema 12/14 tikatema tibutema 13 — titutema 14/6 tibutema tigatema 15/6 tikutema 16 tihatema — subject concord + -tatema present continuous affirmative ni- + subject concord + -tema person noun class singular plural first person nintema nitutema second person nootema nimutema third person 1/2 naatema nibatema 3/4 nigutema neetema 5/6 niritema nigatema 7/8 nikitema nibitema 9/10 neetema nizitema 11/10 nirutema 12/14 nikatema nibutema 13 — nitutema 14/6 nibutema nigatema 15/6 nikutema 16 nihatema — subject concord + -rukutema negative ti- + subject concord + -rukutema person noun class singular plural first person tindukutema titurukutema second person torukutema timurukutema third person 1/2 tarukutema tibarukutema 3/4 tigurukutema terukutema 5/6 tirirukutema tigarukutema 7/8 tikirukutema tibirukutema 9/10 terukutema tizirukutema 11/10 tirurukutema 12/14 tikarukutema tiburukutema 13 — titurukutema 14/6 tiburukutema tigarukutema 15/6 tikurukutema 16 tiharukutema — subject concord + -tarukutema present continuative affirmative ni- + subject concord + -kyatema person noun class singular plural first person ninkyatema nitukyatema second person nookyatema nimukyatema third person 1/2 naakyatema nibakyatema 3/4 nigukyatema neekyatema 5/6 nirikyatema nigakyatema 7/8 nikikyatema nibikyatema 9/10 neekyatema nizikyatema 11/10 nirukyatema 12/14 nikakyatema nibukyatema 13 — nitukyatema 14/6 nibukyatema nigakyatema 15/6 nikukyatema 16 nihakyatema — subject concord + -rukukyatema negative ti- + subject concord + -kyatema person noun class singular plural first person tinkyatema titukyatema second person tokyatema timukyatema third person 1/2 takyatema tibakyatema 3/4 tigukyatema tekyatema 5/6 tirikyatema tigakyatema 7/8 tikikyatema tibikyatema 9/10 tekyatema tizikyatema 11/10 tirukyatema 12/14 tikakyatema tibukyatema 13 — titukyatema 14/6 tibukyatema tigakyatema 15/6 tikukyatema 16 tihakyatema — subject concord + -takyatema virtual present affirmative subject concord + -atema person noun class singular plural first person natema twatema second person watema mwatema third person 1/2 yatema baatema 3/4 gwatema yatema 5/6 lyatema gaatema 7/8 kyatema byatema 9/10 yatema zaatema 11/10 rwatema 12/14 kaatema bwatema 13 — twatema 14/6 bwatema gaatema 15/6 kwatema 16 haatema — negative ti- + subject concord + atema person noun class singular plural first person tinatema titwatema second person tiwatema timwatema third person 1/2 tiyatema tibaatema 3/4 tigwatema tiyatema 5/6 tiryatema tigaatema 7/8 tikyatema tibyatema 9/10 tiyatema tizaatema 11/10 tirwatema 12/14 tikaatema tibwatema 13 — titwatema 14/6 tibwatema tigaatema 15/6 tikwatema 16 tihaatema — subject concord + -taatema present perfect affirmative subject concord + -temere person noun class singular plural first person ntemere tutemere second person otemere mutemere third person 1/2 atemere batemere 3/4 gutemere etemere 5/6 litemere gatemere 7/8 kitemere bitemere 9/10 etemere zitemere 11/10 rutemere 12/14 katemere butemere 13 — tutemere 14/6 butemere gatemere 15/6 kutemere 16 hatemere — negative ti- + subject concord + -temere person noun class singular plural first person tintemere titutemere second person totemere timutemere third person 1/2 tatemere tibatemere 3/4 tigutemere tetemere 5/6 tiritemere tigatemere 7/8 tikitemere tibitemere 9/10 tetemere tizitemere 11/10 tirutemere 12/14 tikatemere tibutemere 13 — titutemere 14/6 tibutemere tigatemere 15/6 tikutemere 16 tihatemere — subject concord + -tatemere near perfective affirmative subject concord + -akatema person noun class singular plural first person nakatema twakatema second person wakatema mwakatema third person 1/2 yakatema baakatema 3/4 gwakatema yakatema 5/6 lyakatema gaakatema 7/8 kyakatema byakatema 9/10 yakatema zaakatema 11/10 rwakatema 12/14 kaakatema bwakatema 13 — twakatema 14/6 bwakatema gaakatema 15/6 kwakatema 16 haakatema — negative ti- + subject concord + -katemere person noun class singular plural first person tinkatemere titukatemere second person tokatemere timukatemere third person 1/2 takatemere tibakatemere 3/4 tigukatemere tekatemere 5/6 tirikatemere tigakatemere 7/8 tikikatemere tibikatemere 9/10 tekatemere tizikatemere 11/10 tirukatemere 12/14 tikakatemere tibukatemere 13 — titukatemere 14/6 tibukatemere tigakatemere 15/6 tikukatemere 16 tihakatemere — subject concord + -takatemere near past affirmative subject concord + -temerege person noun class singular plural first person ntemerege tutemerege second person otemerege mutemerege third person 1/2 atemerege batemerege 3/4 gutemerege etemerege 5/6 litemerege gatemerege 7/8 kitemerege bitemerege 9/10 etemerege zitemerege 11/10 rutemerege 12/14 katemerege butemerege 13 — tutemerege 14/6 butemerege gatemerege 15/6 kutemerege 16 hatemerege — negative ti- + subject concord + -temerege person noun class singular plural first person tintemerege titutemerege second person totemerege timutemerege third person 1/2 tatemerege tibatemerege 3/4 tigutemerege tetemerege 5/6 tiritemerege tigatemerege 7/8 tikitemerege tibitemerege 9/10 tetemerege tizitemerege 11/10 tirutemerege 12/14 tikatemerege tibutemerege 13 — titutemerege 14/6 tibutemerege tigatemerege 15/6 tikutemerege 16 tihatemerege — subject concord + -tatemerege remote past affirmative subject concord + -katema person noun class singular plural first person nkatema tukatema second person okatema mukatema third person 1/2 akatema bakatema 3/4 gukatema ekatema 5/6 likatema gakatema 7/8 kikatema bikatema 9/10 ekatema zikatema 11/10 rukatema 12/14 kakatema bukatema 13 — tukatema 14/6 bukatema gakatema 15/6 kukatema 16 hakatema — subject concord + -atemere negative subject concord + -tateme person noun class singular plural first person ntateme tutateme second person otateme mutateme third person 1/2 atateme batateme 3/4 gutateme etateme 5/6 litateme gatateme 7/8 kitateme bitateme 9/10 etateme ziitateme 11/10 rutateme 12/14 katateme butateme 13 — tutateme 14/6 butateme gatateme 15/6 kutateme 16 hatateme — subject concord + -taratemere experiential perfective affirmative subject concord + -ratemere person noun class singular plural first person ndatemere turatemere second person oratemere muratemere third person 1/2 aratemere baratemere 3/4 guratemere eratemere 5/6 liratemere garatemere 7/8 kiratemere biratemere 9/10 eratemere ziratemere 11/10 ruratemere 12/14 karatemere buratemere 13 — turatemere 14/6 buratemere garatemere 15/6 kuratemere 16 haratemere — negative ti- + subject concord + -katemaga person noun class singular plural first person tinkatemaga titukatemaga second person tokatemaga timukatemaga third person 1/2 takatemaga tibakatemaga 3/4 tigukatemaga tekatemaga 5/6 tirikatemaga tigakatemaga 7/8 tikikatemaga tibikatemaga 9/10 tekatemaga tizikatemaga 11/10 tirukatemaga 12/14 tikakatemaga tibukatemaga 13 — titukatemaga 14/6 tibukatemaga tigakatemaga 15/6 tikukatemaga 16 tihakatemaga — subject concord + -takatemaga cessative perfective affirmative subject concord + -aatemere person noun class singular plural first person naatemere twatemere second person waatemere mwatemere third person 1/2 yaatemere baatemere 3/4 gwatemere yaatemere 5/6 lyatemere gaatemere 7/8 kyatemere byatemere 9/10 yaatemere zaatemere 11/10 rwatemere 12/14 kaatemere bwatemere 13 — twatemere 14/6 bwatemere gaatemere 15/6 kwatemere 16 haatemere — past habitual affirmative subject concord + -atemaga person noun class singular plural first person natemaga twatemaga second person watemaga mwatemaga third person 1/2 yatemaga baatemaga 3/4 gwatemaga yatemaga 5/6 lyatemaga gaatemaga 7/8 kyatemaga byatemaga 9/10 yatemaga zaatemaga 11/10 rwatemaga 12/14 kaatemaga bwatemaga 13 — twatemaga 14/6 bwatemaga gaatemaga 15/6 kwatemaga 16 haatemaga — negative ti- + subject concord + atemaga person noun class singular plural first person tinatemaga titwatemaga second person tiwatemaga timwatemaga third person 1/2 tiyatemaga tibaatemaga 3/4 tigwatemaga tiyatemaga 5/6 tiryatemaga tigaatemaga 7/8 tikyatemaga tibyatemaga 9/10 tiyatemaga tizaatemaga 11/10 tirwatemaga 12/14 tikaatemaga tibwatemaga 13 — titwatemaga 14/6 tibwatemaga tigaatemaga 15/6 tikwatemaga 16 tihaatemaga — subject concord + -taatemaga near future affirmative subject concord + -raatema person noun class singular plural first person ndaatema turaatema second person oraatema muraatema third person 1/2 araatema baraatema 3/4 guraatema eraatema 5/6 liraatema garaatema 7/8 kiraatema biraatema 9/10 eraatema ziraatema 11/10 ruraatema 12/14 karaatema buraatema 13 — turaatema 14/6 buraatema garaatema 15/6 kuraatema 16 haraatema — negative ti- + subject concord + -aateme person noun class singular plural first person tinaateme titwateme second person tiwaateme timwateme third person 1/2 tiyaateme tibaateme 3/4 tigwateme tiyaateme 5/6 tiryateme tigaateme 7/8 tikyateme tibyateme 9/10 tiyaateme tizaateme 11/10 tirwateme 12/14 tikaateme tibwateme 13 — titwateme 14/6 tibwateme tigaateme 15/6 tikwateme 16 tihaateme — subject concord + -taateme remote future affirmative subject concord + -litema person noun class singular plural first person nditema tulitema second person olitema mulitema third person 1/2 alitema balitema 3/4 gulitema eritema 5/6 liritema galitema 7/8 kiritema biritema 9/10 eritema ziritema 11/10 rulitema 12/14 kalitema bulitema 13 — tulitema 14/6 bulitema galitema 15/6 kulitema 16 halitema — negative ti- + subject concord + -litema person noun class singular plural first person tinditema titulitema second person tolitema timulitema third person 1/2 talitema tibalitema 3/4 tigulitema teritema 5/6 tiriritema tigalitema 7/8 tikiritema tibiritema 9/10 teritema tiziritema 11/10 tirulitema 12/14 tikalitema tibulitema 13 — titulitema 14/6 tibulitema tigalitema 15/6 tikulitema 16 tihalitema — subject concord + -talitema future habitual affirmative subject concord + -raatemaga person noun class singular plural first person ndaatemaga turaatemaga second person oraatemaga muraatemaga third person 1/2 araatemaga baraatemaga 3/4 guraatemaga eraatemaga 5/6 liraatemaga garaatemaga 7/8 kiraatemaga biraatemaga 9/10 eraatemaga ziraatemaga 11/10 ruraatemaga 12/14 karaatemaga buraatemaga 13 — turaatemaga 14/6 buraatemaga garaatemaga 15/6 kuraatemaga 16 haraatemaga — negative ti- + subject concord + -aatemege person noun class singular plural first person tinaatemege titwatemege second person tiwaatemege timwatemege third person 1/2 tiyaatemege tibaatemege 3/4 tigwatemege tiyaatemege 5/6 tiryatemege tigaatemege 7/8 tikyatemege tibyatemege 9/10 tiyaatemege tizaatemege 11/10 tirwatemege 12/14 tikaatemege tibwatemege 13 — titwatemege 14/6 tibwatemege tigaatemege 15/6 tikwatemege 16 tihaatemege — subject concord + -taatemege subjunctive affirmative subject concord + teme person noun class singular plural first person nteme tuteme second person oteme muteme third person 1/2 ateme bateme 3/4 guteme eteme 5/6 liteme gateme 7/8 kiteme biteme 9/10 eteme ziteme 11/10 ruteme 12/14 kateme buteme 13 — tuteme 14/6 buteme gateme 15/6 kuteme 16 hateme — negative subject concord + -tatema person noun class singular plural first person ntatema tutatema second person otatema mutatema third person 1/2 atatema batatema 3/4 gutatema etatema 5/6 litatema gatatema 7/8 kitatema bitatema 9/10 etatema zitatema 11/10 rutatema 12/14 katatema butatema 13 — tutatema 14/6 butatema gatatema 15/6 kutatema 16 hatatema — — subjunctive habitual affirmative subject concord + temege person noun class singular plural first person ntemege tutemege second person otemege mutemege third person 1/2 atemege batemege 3/4 gutemege etemege 5/6 litemege gatemege 7/8 kitemege bitemege 9/10 etemege zitemege 11/10 rutemege 12/14 katemege butemege 13 — tutemege 14/6 butemege gatemege 15/6 kutemege 16 hatemege — hypothetical affirmative subject concord + -aakutema person noun class singular plural first person naakutema twakutema second person waakutema mwakutema third person 1/2 yaakutema baakutema 3/4 gwakutema yaakutema 5/6 lyakutema gaakutema 7/8 kyakutema byakutema 9/10 yaakutema zaakutema 11/10 rwakutema 12/14 kaakutema bwakutema 13 — twakutema 14/6 bwakutema gaakutema 15/6 kwakutema 16 haakutema — negative ti- + subject concord + -aakutema person noun class singular plural first person tinaakutema titwakutema second person tiwaakutema timwakutema third person 1/2 tiyaakutema tibaakutema 3/4 tigwakutema tiyaakutema 5/6 tiryakutema tigaakutema 7/8 tikyakutema tibyakutema 9/10 tiyaakutema tizaakutema 11/10 tirwakutema 12/14 tikaakutema tibwakutema 13 — titwakutema 14/6 tibwakutema tigaakutema 15/6 tikwakutema 16 tihaakutema — subject concord + -taakutema conditional affirmative subject concord + -aakutemere person noun class singular plural first person naakutemere twakutemere second person waakutemere mwakutemere third person 1/2 yaakutemere baakutemere 3/4 gwakutemere yaakutemere 5/6 lyakutemere gaakutemere 7/8 kyakutemere byakutemere 9/10 yaakutemere zaakutemere 11/10 rwakutemere 12/14 kaakutemere bwakutemere 13 — twakutemere 14/6 bwakutemere gaakutemere 15/6 kwakutemere 16 haakutemere — negative ti- + subject concord + -aakutemere person noun class singular plural first person tinaakutemere titwakutemere second person tiwaakutemere timwakutemere third person 1/2 tiyaakutemere tibaakutemere 3/4 tigwakutemere tiyaakutemere 5/6 tiryakutemere tigaakutemere 7/8 tikyakutemere tibyakutemere 9/10 tiyaakutemere tizaakutemere 11/10 tirwakutemere 12/14 tikaakutemere tibwakutemere 13 — titwakutemere 14/6 tibwakutemere tigaakutemere 15/6 tikwakutemere 16 tihaakutemere — subject concord + -taakutemere object concords person noun class singular plural first person -ntema -tutema second person -kutema -batema third person 1/2 -mutema 3/4 -gutema -gitema 5/6 -litema -gatema 7/8 -kitema -bitema 9/10 -gitema -zitema 11/10 -rutema 12/14 -katema -butema 13 — -tutema 14/6 -butema -gatema 15/6 -kutema 16 -hatema —

¹ The forms in this column are reduced relative forms; full relative forms require an augment before the subject concord.

Derived terms

• Verbal derivations:
  • Applicative: -temera
  • Long causative: -temesa
  • Passive: -temwa
  • Reduplicative: -tematema

• Nominal derivations:
  • ekitemamuhoro (“mantis”)
  • ekiteme (“cleared field”)
  • omutemi (“feller”)

References

• Kaji, Shigeki (2007), A Rutooro Vocabulary‎^[2], Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), →ISBN, pages 244, 290
• Rubongoya, L. T. (2013), Katondogorozi y'Orunyoro-Rutooro n'Orungereza [Runyoro–Rutooro-English and English-Runyoro–Rutooro dictionary]‎^[3], Kampala: Modrug Publishers, →ISBN, page 396
• Entry 2832 at Bantu Lexical Reconstructions 3

Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from Italian tema.

Noun

tema (definite accusative temayı, plural temalar)

1. theme, subject

Uzbek

Other scripts

Arabic (Afghan Uzbek)		—
Cyrillic		тема
Latin		tema

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-redup.

Proto-Indo-European *-ti

Proto-Indo-European *dʰédʰeh₁ti

Proto-Hellenic *títʰēmi

Ancient Greek τῐ́θημῐ (tĭ́thēmĭ)

Proto-Indo-European *-mn̥

Proto-Hellenic *-mə

Ancient Greek -μᾰ (-mă)

Ancient Greek θέμα (théma)bor.

Latin themabor.

Uzbek tema

Borrowed from Latin thema.

Noun

tema

1. theme, subject