surat

See also: Surat and sürat

English

Noun

surat (plural surats)

1. Alternative form of sura (“A chapter of the Qur'an”).

Anagrams

• Rutas, ratus, Sutra, taurs, UARTs, Astur-, sūtra, USART, Sūtra, Astur, sutra

Catalan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Northern, Balearic, Central, Valencia, Northwestern) [suˈɾat]
• Rhymes: -at

Participle

surat (feminine surada, masculine plural surats, feminine plural surades)

1. past participle of surar

Central Bikol

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *suʀat?

Proto-Malayic *surat

Malay suratbor.

Central Bikol surat

Borrowed from Malay surat.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsuɾat/ [ˈsu.ɾat]
• Hyphenation: su‧rat

Noun

súrat (Basahan spelling ᜐᜓᜍᜆ᜔)

1. a letter; a mail; a correspondence

   Synonym: koreyo

2. a written message

   Synonym: mensahe

Derived terms

• isurat
• kagsurat
• magsurat
• parasurat
• suraton

Hanunoo

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *suʀat?

Proto-Malayic *surat

Malay suratbor.

Hanunoo surat

Borrowed from Malay surat.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsuɾat/ [ˈsu.ɾɐt]
• Rhymes: -uɾat
• Syllabification: su‧rat

Noun

surat (Hanunoo spelling ᜰᜳᜮᜦ᜴)

1. writing; letter (especially on bamboo)
2. letter; character of the Hanunoo script

Derived terms

• sumurat

Further reading

• Conklin, Harold C. (1953), Hanunóo-English Vocabulary (University of California Publications in Linguistics), volume 9, London, England: University of California Press, →OCLC, page 256

Indonesian

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈsurat/ [ˈsu.rat̪̚]
• Rhymes: -urat
• Syllabification: su‧rat

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *suʀat?

Proto-Malayic *surat

Malay surat

Indonesian surat

Inherited from Malay surat.

Noun

surat (plural surat-surat, classifier pucuk or carik or lembar)

1. document (original or official paper)

   Synonyms: dokumen, sahifah

2. letter (written message)
3. writing

   Synonym: tulisan

4. inscription

   Synonyms: epigraf, inskripsi, pertulisan, prasasti

5. certificate

   Synonyms: sertifikat, sijil, surat tanda

6. card

   Synonym: kartu

Derived terms

Affixations

• bersurat
• ketersuratan
• menyurat
• menyurati
• menyuratkan
• persuratan
• surat-menyurat
• suratan
• tersurat
• tersuratkan

Compounds

• surat angkatan
• surat anonim
• surat antisipasi obligasi
• surat bahari
• surat berantai
• surat berharga
• surat buta
• surat cerai
• surat cinta
• surat dakwaan
• surat dinas
• surat edaran
• surat elektronik
• surat gadai
• surat gelap
• surat hibah
• surat ijazah
• surat isian
• surat izin
• surat jalan
• surat jaminan
• surat jawatan
• surat kabar
• surat kaleng
• surat kawat
• surat kawin
• surat kelahiran
• surat kematian
• surat kepemilikan
• surat kepercayaan
• surat keterangan
• surat kilat
• surat kuasa
• surat lahir
• surat lamaran kerja
• surat lepas
• surat mati
• surat mentega
• surat mualim
• surat muatan
• surat niaga
• surat nikah
• surat pajak
• surat paksa
• surat pas
• surat pembaca
• surat pemberitahuan
• surat pemilih
• surat pengangkatan
• surat pengantar
• surat pengenal
• surat peringatan
• surat perintah
• surat permintaan
• surat permohonan
• surat pribadi
• surat pujian
• surat rantai
• surat rekomendasi
• surat resmi
• surat sakti
• surat salinan
• surat sebaran
• surat segel
• surat selebaran
• surat sembah
• surat sensasi
• surat siaran
• surat sita
• surat somasi
• surat suara
• surat talak
• surat tanda anggota
• surat tanda registrasi
• surat tempelan
• surat terbang
• surat terbuka
• surat tercatat
• surat tilang
• surat tuduhan
• surat tugas
• surat ukur
• surat uleman
• surat undangan
• surat undian
• surat usiran
• surat utang
• surat warisan
• surat wasiat

Descendants

• → Tetum: surat

Etymology 2

Noun

surat (plural surat-surat)

1. (Islam) alternative form of surah (“sura”)

Further reading

• “surat”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

Anagrams

• ratus, turas

Javanese

Alternative forms

• soerat — dated

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *suʀat?

Proto-Malayic *surat

Old Malay suratbor.

Old Javanese surat

Javanese surat

Inherited from Old Javanese surat.

Noun

surat (Carakan spelling ꦱꦸꦫꦠ꧀) (krama-ngoko)

1. (dialectal) letter

   Synonyms: layang, nawala

References

• The Linguistic Center of Yogyakarta (2011), “surat”, in Kamus Basa Jawa (Bausastra Jawa) [Javanese Language Dictionary (Javanese Dictionary)] (in Javanese), 2nd edition, Yogyakarta: Kanisius, →ISBN

Malay

Pronunciation

• (Literary Standard, schwa-variety) IPA^(key): /ˈsurat/ [ˈsu.rat̪̚]
• Rhymes: -urat, -rat, -at
• Hyphenation: su‧rat

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *suʀat?

Proto-Malayic *surat

Malay surat

Inherited from Proto-Malayic *surat, possibly from (West) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *suʀat (“to carve, to incise”), unrelated to Proto-Western Malayo-Polynesian *suʀat (“wound”). Compare Minangkabau surek. False cognate of Arabic سُورَة (sūra, “chapter of the Qur'an”).

Noun

surat (Jawi spelling سورت, plural surat-surat)

1. document (original or official paper)

   Synonyms: dokumen, sahifah

2. letter (written message)

   Synonym: surat kiriman

3. writing

   Synonym: tulisan

Verb

surat (Jawi spelling سورت, active menyurat, third-person passive disurat) (transitive)

2. (Can we verify⁽⁺⁾ this sense?) to write

Derived terms

Affixations

• bersurat
• jurusurat
• menyurati
• menyuratkan
• persuratan
• surat-menyurat (“to write letters between one another”)
• suratan
• tersurat

Compounds

• peti surat (“mail box”)
• sampul surat, sarung surat (“envelope”)
• surat akuan (“letter of declaration”)
• surat anggota
• surat anonim
• surat azimat
• surat bahari
• surat belasungkawa
• surat beranak, surat jadi, surat lahir
• surat berdaftar
• surat berhenti
• surat buta, surat gelap, surat kaling, surat mentega
• surat cap
• surat cara
• surat cerai, surat talak
• surat daftar
• surat dakwa
• surat doktor
• surat edaran, surat keliling / surat pekeliling (“circular”)
• surat gadai
• surat hasrat
• surat hutang
• surat ikatan
• surat insurans
• surat iringan
• surat izin, surat kebenaran
• surat jaminan
• surat jemputan, surat undangan
• surat kahwin, surat nikah
• surat kawat
• surat kenalan
• surat keterangan
• surat khabar (“newspaper”)
• surat kiriman
• surat kredit
• surat kuasa
• surat layang, surat terbang (“anonymous letter”)
• surat lepas
• surat mati
• surat nujum
• surat pas
• surat pelekat
• surat pemberitahuan
• surat pemilih
• surat perintah
• surat perjanjian
• surat permintaan, surat permohonan
• surat pujian, surat puji-pujian
• surat rantai / surat berantai
• surat rayuan
• surat salinan
• surat saman, surat sita
• surat sebaran / surat selebaran
• surat sembah (obsolete)
• surat sumpah
• surat syer
• surat tanda
• surat terbuka
• surat tercatat
• surat titah
• surat tuduhan
• surat tukar nama
• surat ubat (“medical prescription”)
• surat ugutan
• surat undi / surat undian
• surat wakil
• surat wasiat

Descendants

• > Indonesian: surat
  • → Tetum: surat
• → Cebuano: sulat
• → Central Bikol: surat
• → Hanunoo: surat
• → Kapampangan: sulat
• → Malagasy: soratra
• → Tagalog: sulat
• → Ternate: surat
  • →? Sahu: surata
• → Tausug: sulat
• → Yakan: sulat

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic سُورَة (sūra, “chapter of the Qur'an”).

Noun

surat (plural surat-surat)

1. archaic form of surah (“sura; any chapter of the Quran”)

Anagrams

• ratus, turas

Old Javanese

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *suʀat?

Proto-Malayic *surat

Old Malay suratbor.

Old Javanese surat

Borrowed from Old Malay surat.

Noun

surat

1. letter (written message)

Swedish

Verb

surat

1. supine of sura

Anagrams

• rusat, rusta, rutas

Ternate

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *suʀat?

Proto-Malayic *surat

Malay suratbor.

Ternate surat

Borrowed from Malay surat.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈsu.ɾat]

Noun

surat

1. a letter (written message)

Descendants

• →? Sahu: surata

Tetum

Etymology

Borrowed from Indonesian surat.

Noun

surat

1. letter (written message)

Turkish

Etymology

Etymology tree

Arabic يَصُورُ (yaṣūru)der.?

Sumerian 𒄑 (g̃eš)

Sumerian 𒄯 (ḫur)

Sumerian 𒄑𒄯 (g̃eš-ḫur)obor.

Akkadian 𒄑𒄯 (iṣurtu)bor.?

Arabic صُورَة (ṣūra)bor.

Ottoman Turkish صورت

Turkish surat

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish صورت, borrowed from Arabic صُورَة (ṣūra), possibly from يَصُورُ (yaṣūru, “to make bent towards a shape”), or possibly borrowed from Akkadian 𒄑𒄯 (iṣurtu, “drawing, plan”). Doublet of suret.

Noun

surat (definite accusative suratı, plural suratlar)

1. face

   Synonym: yüz

2. surliness

   Bir daha bu suratla misafirleri karşıladığını görmeyeyim!

   You better not greet our guests with that surliness again!

Declension

Declension of surat

singular plural nominative surat suratlar definite accusative suratı suratları dative surata suratlara locative suratta suratlarda ablative surattan suratlardan genitive suratın suratların Possessive forms nominative singular plural 1st singular suratım suratlarım 2nd singular suratın suratların 3rd singular suratı suratları 1st plural suratımız suratlarımız 2nd plural suratınız suratlarınız 3rd plural suratları suratları definite accusative singular plural 1st singular suratımı suratlarımı 2nd singular suratını suratlarını 3rd singular suratını suratlarını 1st plural suratımızı suratlarımızı 2nd plural suratınızı suratlarınızı 3rd plural suratlarını suratlarını dative singular plural 1st singular suratıma suratlarıma 2nd singular suratına suratlarına 3rd singular suratına suratlarına 1st plural suratımıza suratlarımıza 2nd plural suratınıza suratlarınıza 3rd plural suratlarına suratlarına locative singular plural 1st singular suratımda suratlarımda 2nd singular suratında suratlarında 3rd singular suratında suratlarında 1st plural suratımızda suratlarımızda 2nd plural suratınızda suratlarınızda 3rd plural suratlarında suratlarında ablative singular plural 1st singular suratımdan suratlarımdan 2nd singular suratından suratlarından 3rd singular suratından suratlarından 1st plural suratımızdan suratlarımızdan 2nd plural suratınızdan suratlarınızdan 3rd plural suratlarından suratlarından genitive singular plural 1st singular suratımın suratlarımın 2nd singular suratının suratlarının 3rd singular suratının suratlarının 1st plural suratımızın suratlarımızın 2nd plural suratınızın suratlarınızın 3rd plural suratlarının suratlarının

Further reading

• “surat”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu

Turkmen

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic صُورَة (ṣūra). Doublet of syrat (“outward appearance; temper”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /θuːˈɾɑt/, [θuːˈɾot]
• Hyphenation: su‧rat

Noun

surat (definite accusative suraty, plural suratlar)

1. picture, photo, image

Declension

Declension of surat

	singular	plural
nominative	surat	suratlar
accusative	suraty	suratlary
genitive	suratyň	suratlaryň
dative	surata	suratlara
locative	suratda	suratlarda
ablative	suratdan	suratlardan

Further reading

• “surat” in Enedilim.com
• “surat” in Webonary.org

Uzbek

Other scripts

Arabic (Afghan Uzbek)		صورت
Cyrillic		сурат
Latin		surat

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic صُورَة (ṣūra). Compare Turkish surat.

Noun

surat

1. picture, drawing
2. photograph
3. looks, appearance
4. numerator

Declension

Declension of surat

	singular	plural
nominative	surat	suratlar
genitive	suratning	suratlarning
dative	suratga	suratlarga
definite accusative	suratni	suratlarni
locative	suratda	suratlarda
ablative	suratdan	suratlardan
similative	suratdek	suratlardek

Possessive forms of surat

1st person singular
	singular	plural
nominative	suratim	suratlarim
genitive	suratimning	suratlarimning
dative	suratimga	suratlarimga
definite accusative	suratimni	suratlarimni
locative	suratimda	suratlarimda
ablative	suratimdan	suratlarimdan
similative	suratimdek	suratlarimdek
2nd person singular
	singular	plural
nominative	surating	suratlaring
genitive	suratingning	suratlaringning
dative	suratingga	suratlaringga
definite accusative	suratingni	suratlaringni
locative	suratingda	suratlaringda
ablative	suratingdan	suratlaringdan
similative	suratingdek	suratlaringdek
3rd person singular
	singular	plural
nominative	surati	suratlari
genitive	suratining	suratlarining
dative	suratiga	suratlariga
definite accusative	suratini	suratlarini
locative	suratida	suratlarida
ablative	suratidan	suratlaridan
similative	suratidek	suratlaridek
1st person plural
	singular	plural
nominative	suratimiz	suratlarimiz
genitive	suratimizning	suratlarimizning
dative	suratimizga	suratlarimizga
definite accusative	suratimizni	suratlarimizni
locative	suratimizda	suratlarimizda
ablative	suratimizdan	suratlarimizdan
similative	suratimizdek	suratlarimizdek
2nd person plural
	singular	plural
nominative	suratingiz	suratlaringiz
genitive	suratingizning	suratlaringizning
dative	suratingizga	suratlaringizga
definite accusative	suratingizni	suratlaringizni
locative	suratingizda	suratlaringizda
ablative	suratingizdan	suratlaringizdan
similative	suratingizdek	suratlaringizdek
3rd person plural
	singular	plural
nominative	surati	suratlari
genitive	suratining	suratlarining
dative	suratiga	suratlariga
definite accusative	suratini	suratlarini
locative	suratida	suratlarida
ablative	suratidan	suratlaridan
similative	suratidek	suratlaridek

Western Bukidnon Manobo

Verb

surat

1. to write