spor

See also: Appendix:Variations of "spor"

Czech

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sъporъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈspor]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: spor

Noun

spor m inan (diminutive sporeček)

1. quarrel

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:hádka

2. dispute

   Synonym: pře

3. contradiction

Declension

Declension of spor (hard masculine inanimate)

	singular	plural
nominative	spor	spory
genitive	sporu	sporů
dative	sporu	sporům
accusative	spor	spory
vocative	spore	spory
locative	sporu	sporech
instrumental	sporem	spory

Derived terms

• bezesporu
• sporeček
• sporný

Further reading

• “spor”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
• “spor”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
• “spor”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2026

Danish

Etymology

From Old Norse spor, from Proto-Germanic *spurą, from Pre-Germanic *spr̥Hom, derived from or related to *spurnaną (“to kick”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sperH- (“to trample”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /spoːr/, [sb̥oːˀɐ̯]
• Rhymes: -oːɐ̯

Noun

spor n (singular definite sporet, plural indefinite spor)

1. track
2. trail
3. scent
4. trace
5. vestige
6. mark
7. clue, lead
8. rut
9. lane

Declension

Declension of spor

neuter gender	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	spor	sporet	spor	sporene
genitive	spors	sporets	spors	sporenes

Derived terms

• blodspor
• dyrespor
• firesporet
• fodspor
• hjulspor
• jernbanespor
• nødspor
• overhalingsspor
• sidespor
• skiftespor
• skispor
• slædespor
• spore
• sporløs
• sporskifte
• sporvej
• sporvogn
• tosporet
• vildspor

Verb

spor

1. imperative of spore

References

• “spor” in Den Danske Ordbog
• “spor” in Ordbog over det danske Sprog

Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse spor, from Proto-Germanic *spurą.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈspɔːr]
• Rhymes: -ɔːr

Noun

spor n (genitive singular spors, nominative plural spor)

1. a footprint
2. a trail
3. a step
4. a dance step
5. a stich
6. (mathematics) a trace; (the sum of the diagonal elements of a square matrix)

Declension

Declension of spor (neuter)

	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	spor	sporið	spor	sporin
accusative	spor	sporið	spor	sporin
dative	spori	sporinu	sporum	sporunum
genitive	spors	sporsins	spora	sporanna

Synonyms

• (footprint): fótspor
• (trail): slóð
• (step): skref
• (dance step): dansspor
• (stich): nálspor

Derived terms

• að vörmu spori (“in a few minutes”)
• fara út af sporinu (“go off the rails”)
• greikka sporið (“to walk faster”)
• í þínum sporum (“in your shoes”)
• léttur í spori (“light footed”)
• rekja slóð (“to follow a track”)
• sporlína (“trace line”)

Irish

Alternative forms

• spur
• sbor (obsolete)

Etymology

From Middle Irish spor, from Middle English spore (from Old English spura, from Proto-West Germanic *spurō) and/or Old Norse spori, both from Proto-Germanic *spurô. Cognate with Manx spuir and Scottish Gaelic spor.

Noun

spor m (genitive singular spoir, nominative plural spoir)

1. spur (implement for prodding a horse)
2. spur (appendage near the foot of a rooster etc.)
3. (botany) spur (short thin side shoot from a branch)
4. (geology) spur (projection from a mountain or mountain range)

Declension

Declension of spor (first declension)

bare forms singular plural nominative spor spoir vocative a spoir a spora genitive spoir spor dative spor spoir forms with the definite article singular plural nominative an spor na spoir genitive an spoir na spor dative leis an spor don spor leis na spoir

Derived terms

• roth spoir (“rowel”)
• spor talún (“point of land, promontory”)

Further reading

• A. Palandri, Ú. Bhreathnach, M. Měchura, G. Ó Cleircín, and B. Ó Raghallaigh, (2026), “spor”, in Taisce Chanúintí na Gaeilge - Repository of Irish Dialects‎^[1] (in Irish and English), Dublin City University
• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “spor”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• Dinneen, Patrick S. (1927), “spor”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla [Irish and English Dictionary], 2nd edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, pages 1102–1103; reprinted with additions 1996, →ISBN
• “spor”, in Foclóir Nua Gaeilge (in Irish), Foras na Gaeilge, 2013–2026
• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “spor”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla [Irish–English Dictionary], Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

Middle English

Noun

spor

1. alternative form of spore

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology 1

From Old Norse spor.

Noun

spor n (definite singular sporet, indefinite plural spor, definite plural spora or sporene)

1. a trace
2. track (left by something; e.g. an animal, person, or vehicle)

   ferske spor ― fresh tracks

3. track (laid for trains or trams to run on)

Derived terms

• dobbeltspor
• fotspor
• jernbanespor
• kryssingsspor, krysningsspor
• meterspor
• normalspor
• normalsporet
• sidespor
• skispor
• smalspor, smalsporet
• sporbrudd
• sporløst
• sporstoff
• sporvei, sporveg
• sporveksel
• sporvidde
• sporvogn

Related terms

• spore (verb)

Etymology 2

Verb

spor

1. imperative of spore

References

• “spor” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /spuːr/

Etymology 1

From Old Norse spor.

Noun

spor n (definite singular sporet, indefinite plural spor, definite plural spora)

1. a trace
2. track (left by something; e.g. an animal, person, or vehicle)

   ferske spor ― fresh tracks

3. track (laid for trains or trams to run on)

Synonyms

• far

Derived terms

• dobbeltspor
• fotspor
• jarnbanespor, jernbanespor
• kryssingsspor
• meterspor
• normalspor
• sidespor
• skispor
• smalspor
• sporstoff
• sporveg
• sporveksel
• sporvidd, sporvidde
• sporvogn

Etymology 2

From Old Norse sporðr. Cognate to Swedish spol, spor, sporde.

Alternative forms

• spol
• spord m

Noun

spor m

1. pronunciation spelling of spord (“fishtail”)
   • 1990, Bygdebok for Modalen herad, Sogenemnda, page 99:

     nikjån silla me hòve å spor

     nineteen herrings with heads and tails

References

• “spor” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old Dutch

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *spor, from Proto-Germanic *spurą.

Noun

spor n

1. track, trace

Inflection

Declension of spor (neuter a-stem noun)

case	singular	plural
nominative	spor	spor
accusative	spor	spor
genitive	spores	sporo
dative	spore	sporon

Descendants

• Middle Dutch: spor, spōor
  • Dutch: spoor
    • Afrikaans: spoor
      • → English: spoor
      • → Fanagalo: spor
      • → Zulu: sipolo
    • Jersey Dutch: spôr
    • Negerhollands: spoor
    • Petjo: sepoor
    • → Caribbean Javanese: sepur
    • → Indonesian: sepur (“railway track”)
    • → Javanese: ꦱꦼꦥꦸꦂ (sepur)
      • → Indonesian: sepur (“train”) (semantic loan)
    • → Papiamentu: spor

References

• “spor”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

Old English

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *spurą. Cognate with Old Frisian *spor, Old Saxon spor, Old Dutch spor, Old High German spor, Old Norse spor.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /spor/
• Rhymes: -or

Noun

spor n (nominative plural sporu)

1. track, trace
2. footprint
3. vestige, any mark left by some event

Declension

Strong a-stem:

	singular	plural
nominative	spor	sporu
accusative	spor	sporu
genitive	spores	spora
dative	spore	sporum

Synonyms

• swæþ

Derived terms

• spyrian

Related terms

• spurnan

Descendants

• Middle English: spore, spoor, spor, sporre, spowrre, spur, spure, spurre, spwre, spuyre (Catholicon Anglicum)
  • English: spur
  • Scots: spur
  • Yola: spourr
  • → Middle Irish: spor (partially from Old Norse spori?)
    • Irish: spor
      • Irish: speir (conflated with seir)
    • Manx: spuir
    • Scottish Gaelic: spor

Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈspɔr/
• Rhymes: -ɔr
• Syllabification: spor

Noun

spor f

1. genitive plural of spora

   Synonym: spór

Romanian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [spor]

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Proto-Slavic *sporъ

Old Church Slavonic споръ (sporŭ)bor.

Romanian spor

Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic споръ (sporŭ), from Proto-Slavic *sporъ.

Noun

spor n (plural sporuri)

1. increase

Declension

	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative-accusative	spor	sporul	sporuri	sporurile
genitive-dative	spor	sporului	sporuri	sporurilor
vocative	sporule		sporurilor

Derived terms

• spori
• spornic

Etymology 2

Borrowed from French spore.

Noun

spor m (plural spori)

1. spore

Declension

	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative-accusative	spor	sporul	spori	sporii
genitive-dative	spor	sporului	spori	sporilor
vocative	sporule		sporilor

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology 1

From Proto-Slavic *sъporъ, from s- + *per- (“to hit”) (whence also òtpor).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /spôr/

Noun

spȍr m inan (Cyrillic spelling спо̏р)

1. dispute, conflict, quarrel

Declension

Declension of spor

	singular	plural
nominative	spȍr	spòrovi
genitive	spȍra	spòrōvā
dative	spȍru	spòrovima
accusative	spȍr	spòrove
vocative	spȍre	spòrovi
locative	spòru	spòrovima
instrumental	spȍrom	spòrovima

Derived terms

• spȏran
• spòriti

Further reading

• “spor”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2026

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sporъ (“abundant”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /spôr/

Adjective

spȍr (Cyrillic spelling спо̏р, definite spȍrī, comparative sporiji)

1. slow

   Synonym: polàgān

   Antonyms: bȓz, hȉtar

2. sluggish, lingering

Declension

positive indefinite forms

singular		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		spor	spora	sporo
genitive		spora	spore	spora
dative		sporu	sporoj	sporu
accusative	inanimate animate	spor spora	sporu	sporo
vocative		spor	spora	sporo
locative		sporu	sporoj	sporu
instrumental		sporim	sporom	sporim
plural		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		spori	spore	spora
genitive		sporih	sporih	sporih
dative		sporim(a)	sporim(a)	sporim(a)
accusative		spore	spore	spora
vocative		spori	spore	spora
locative		sporim(a)	sporim(a)	sporim(a)
instrumental		sporim(a)	sporim(a)	sporim(a)

positive definite forms

singular		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		spori	spora	sporo
genitive		sporog(a)	spore	sporog(a)
dative		sporom(u/e)	sporoj	sporom(u/e)
accusative	inanimate animate	spori sporog(a)	sporu	sporo
vocative		spori	spora	sporo
locative		sporom(e/u)	sporoj	sporom(e/u)
instrumental		sporim	sporom	sporim
plural		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		spori	spore	spora
genitive		sporih	sporih	sporih
dative		sporim(a)	sporim(a)	sporim(a)
accusative		spore	spore	spora
vocative		spori	spore	spora
locative		sporim(a)	sporim(a)	sporim(a)
instrumental		sporim(a)	sporim(a)	sporim(a)

comparative forms

singular		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		sporiji	sporija	sporije
genitive		sporijeg(a)	sporije	sporijeg(a)
dative		sporijem(u)	sporijoj	sporijem(u)
accusative	inanimate animate	sporiji sporijeg(a)	sporiju	sporije
vocative		sporiji	sporija	sporije
locative		sporijem(u)	sporijoj	sporijem(u)
instrumental		sporijim	sporijom	sporijim
plural		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		sporiji	sporije	sporija
genitive		sporijih	sporijih	sporijih
dative		sporijim(a)	sporijim(a)	sporijim(a)
accusative		sporije	sporije	sporija
vocative		sporiji	sporije	sporija
locative		sporijim(a)	sporijim(a)	sporijim(a)
instrumental		sporijim(a)	sporijim(a)	sporijim(a)

superlative forms

singular		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		najsporiji	najsporija	najsporije
genitive		najsporijeg(a)	najsporije	najsporijeg(a)
dative		najsporijem(u)	najsporijoj	najsporijem(u)
accusative	inanimate animate	najsporiji najsporijeg(a)	najsporiju	najsporije
vocative		najsporiji	najsporija	najsporije
locative		najsporijem(u)	najsporijoj	najsporijem(u)
instrumental		najsporijim	najsporijom	najsporijim
plural		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		najsporiji	najsporije	najsporija
genitive		najsporijih	najsporijih	najsporijih
dative		najsporijim(a)	najsporijim(a)	najsporijim(a)
accusative		najsporije	najsporije	najsporija
vocative		najsporiji	najsporije	najsporija
locative		najsporijim(a)	najsporijim(a)	najsporijim(a)
instrumental		najsporijim(a)	najsporijim(a)	najsporijim(a)

Quotations

• For quotations using this term, see Citations:spor.

Further reading

• “spor”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2026

Slovak

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /spɔr/, [ˈspɔr]
• Rhymes: -ɔr

Verb

spor

1. second-person singular imperative of sporiť

Swedish

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

spor c

1. a spore

Declension

Declension of spor

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	spor	spors
	definite	sporen	sporens
plural	indefinite	sporer	sporers
	definite	sporerna	sporernas

Derived terms

• sporväxt

Etymology 2

From Old Norse sporðr.(Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Noun

spor

1. (zoology, regional) variant of spol

References

• “spor”, in Svensk ordbok [Dictionary of Swedish] (in Swedish)
• “spor”, in Svenska Akademiens ordlista [Wordlist of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish)
• “spor”, in Svenska Akademiens ordbok [Dictionary of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish)

Turkish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /s(ɯ)poɾ/
• Rhymes: -oɾ

Etymology 1

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish سپور (spor), Borrowed from French sport.

Noun

spor (definite accusative sporu, plural sporlar)

1. sport

Derived terms

• sporcu
• sporculuk

Etymology 2

Borrowed from French spore.

Noun

spor (definite accusative sporu, plural sporlar)

1. spore