rogo

See also: Rogo, rogo', rogó, and rogò

Fijian

Etymology

From Proto-Central Pacific *roŋo, from Proto-Oceanic *roŋoR, from Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *doŋəR, from Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *dəŋəR, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dəŋəR, from Proto-Austronesian *dəŋəR.

Verb

rogo (transitive rogoca)

1. to hear (to perceive with the ear)

   Au rogoca ivakatagi.

   I hear music.

2. to listen (to pay attention to a sound)

   Rogoca! E tukuna tiko e dua na ka bibi.

   Listen! He's saying something important.

3. to listen, to obey, to comply (to do as ordered by or told)

   Au rogoci koya.

   I obey him/her.

Derived terms

• e sega ni rogo mai na toa mai na nomu koro (“however important you may be in your territory, it means nothing here”, literally “the fowl crying from your village is not heard here”) (idiom)
• irogorogo (“fame, hearing aid, stethoscope, earphones”)
• rogo ca (“of bad reputation”)
• rogo lailai (“soft (of sound)”)
• rogo levu (“loud (of sound), famous”)
• rogoseva, rogosevata (“to mishear, hear something incorrectly”)
• rogotalanoa-taka (“to hear the story of”)
• rogovaki (“rumored”)
• Rogovoka (legendary ship that brought chiefly immigrants to Fiji)
• rorogo (“sound”)
• vaka na ivana ni Rogovoka (“very tall, straight and strong”, literally “like the mast of the legendary ship Rogovoka”)
• vakairogorogo (“made famous, much heard about”)
• vakarogo-taka (“to publicise, advertise, to inform someone”)
• vakarogoca (“to listen attentively”)
• vakarogorogo-cataka (“to defame”)
• vakarogoya (“to make famous/know, to announce”)
• vakarorogo (“lto isten to, to accept advice or orders, to be obedient”)
• veirogorogoci (“hearing (in an investigation or court), obedience (to social protocol)”)

References

• Gatty, Ronald (2009), “rogo”, in Fijian–English Dictionary‎^[1], Suva, Fiji: Ronald Gatty, →ISBN, pages 208–9

Galician

Verb

rogo

1. first-person singular present indicative of rogar

Hausa

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɽóː.ɡòː/
  • (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA^(key): [ɽóː.ɡʷòː]

Noun

rōgṑ m (possessed form rōgòn)

1. cassava, Manihot esculenta
2. various other tubers, including Ampelocissus and Dioscorea dumetorum

Descendants

• → Nupe: rógò

Italian

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin rogus, from Proto-Italic *rogos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈro.ɡo/, (traditional) /ˈrɔ.ɡo/
• Rhymes: -oɡo, (traditional) -ɔɡo
• Hyphenation: ró‧go, (traditional) rò‧go

Noun

rogo m (plural roghi)

1. pyre (for cremation or execution)

   Synonyms: (poetic) ara, (literary) pira

2. (figurative) bonfire; any great fire

   Synonym: incendio

3. (figurative, literary) death

   Synonym: morte

Further reading

• “rogo”, in Vocabolario Treccani on line (in Italian), Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana, 2026
• “rogo” in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈrɔ.ɡo/
• Rhymes: -ɔɡo
• Hyphenation: rò‧go

Verb

rogo

1. first-person singular present indicative of rogare

Further reading

• “rogo” in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)

Japanese

For pronunciation and definitions of rogo – see the following entries.

【ロゴ】 [noun] short for ロゴタイプ (rogotaipu, “logotype”) or ロゴマーク (rogo māku, literally “logo mark”)

【露語ろご】 [noun] Russian language; Russian

(This term, rogo, is the romaji of the above terms.)

Latin

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ-

Proto-Indo-European *-os

Proto-Indo-European *-ós

Proto-Indo-European *-ós

Proto-Indo-European *h₃roǵós

Proto-Italic *rogos

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂

Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂

Proto-Indo-European *-yéti

Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.

Proto-Italic *-ājō

Proto-Italic *-āō

Latin -ō

Latin rogō

From Proto-Indo-European *h₃roǵós (“stretching”), from *h₃reǵ- (“to stretch out”), with semantic shift “stretch out” > “stretch one's words (to someone)” > “ask”, and thus a doublet of regō.

Alternatively, from procō and a doublet of precor and procus. (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Compare typologically спра́виться (správitʹsja) (akin to пра́вить (právitʹ)).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈrɔ.ɡoː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈrɔː.ɡo]

Verb

rogō (present infinitive rogāre, perfect active rogāvī, supine rogātum); first conjugation

1. to ask, enquire

   Synonym: interrogō

2. to request

   Synonyms: requīrō, flagitō, efflagitō, exigō, exposcō, exorō, petō, rogitō, ērogō, expetō, precor, repetō

   • c. 190 BCE, Plautus, Curculio 5.3.5:

     Cappadox: Iam iam faciam ut iusseris.
     Therapontigonus: Quando vir bonus es, responde quod rogo.
     Cappadox: Roga quod lubet.

     Cappadox: Here, here, I’ll do as you say!
     Therapontigonus: Now that you are decent, answer me what I ask.
     Cappadox: Ask what you like.

   • c. 200 BCE – 190 BCE, Plautus, Captivi 3.4.94–95:

     Haud istuc rogo. Fuistine liber? – Fui.

     That isn’t what I’m asking about. Were you a freeman? – I was.

3. to beg, solicit, pray to (someone) for (something) (with two accusatives)

   Synonyms: supplicō, ōrō, obsecrō, expetō, efflāgitō, flāgitō, quaesō

Conjugation

   Conjugation of rogō (first conjugation)

indicative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	rogō		rogās		rogat		rogāmus		rogātis		rogant
	imperfect	rogābam		rogābās		rogābat		rogābāmus		rogābātis		rogābant
	future	rogābō		rogābis		rogābit		rogābimus		rogābitis		rogābunt
	perfect	rogāvī		rogāvistī, rogāstī3		rogāvit, rogāt3		rogāvimus, rogāmus3		rogāvistis, rogāstis3		rogāvērunt, rogārunt, rogāvēre3
	pluperfect	rogāveram, rogāram3		rogāverās, rogārās3		rogāverat, rogārat3		rogāverāmus, rogārāmus3		rogāverātis, rogārātis3		rogāverant, rogārant3
	future perfect	rogāverō, rogārō3		rogāveris, rogāris3		rogāverit, rogārit3		rogāverimus, rogārimus3		rogāveritis, rogāritis3		rogāverint, rogārint3
	sigmatic future1	rogāssō		rogāssis		rogāssit		rogāssimus		rogāssitis		rogāssint
passive	present	rogor		rogāris, rogāre		rogātur		rogāmur		rogāminī		rogantur
	imperfect	rogābar		rogābāris, rogābāre		rogābātur		rogābāmur		rogābāminī		rogābantur
	future	rogābor		rogāberis, rogābere		rogābitur		rogābimur		rogābiminī		rogābuntur
	perfect	rogātus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	rogātus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	rogātus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	rogem		rogēs		roget		rogēmus		rogētis		rogent
	imperfect	rogārem		rogārēs		rogāret		rogārēmus		rogārētis		rogārent
	perfect	rogāverim, rogārim3		rogāverīs, rogārīs3		rogāverit, rogārit3		rogāverīmus, rogārīmus3		rogāverītis, rogārītis3		rogāverint, rogārint3
	pluperfect	rogāvissem, rogāssem3		rogāvissēs, rogāssēs3		rogāvisset, rogāsset3		rogāvissēmus, rogāssēmus3		rogāvissētis, rogāssētis3		rogāvissent, rogāssent3
	sigmatic aorist1	rogāssim		rogāssīs		rogāssīt		rogāssīmus		rogāssītis		rogāssint
passive	present	roger		rogēris, rogēre		rogētur		rogēmur		rogēminī		rogentur
	imperfect	rogārer		rogārēris, rogārēre		rogārētur		rogārēmur		rogārēminī		rogārentur
	perfect	rogātus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	rogātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	—		rogā		—		—		rogāte		—
	future	—		rogātō		rogātō		—		rogātōte		rogantō
passive	present	—		rogāre		—		—		rogāminī		—
	future	—		rogātor		rogātor		—		—		rogantor
non-finite forms		infinitive						participle
		active			passive			active			passive
present		rogāre			rogārī, rogārier2			rogāns			—
future		rogātūrum esse			rogātum īrī			rogātūrus			rogandus
perfect		rogāvisse, rogāsse3			rogātum esse			—			rogātus
future perfect		—			rogātum fore			—			—
perfect potential		rogātūrum fuisse			—			—			—
verbal nouns		gerund								supine
		genitive		dative		accusative		ablative		accusative		ablative
		rogandī		rogandō		rogandum		rogandō		rogātum		rogātū

¹At least one use of the Old Latin "sigmatic future" and "sigmatic aorist" tenses is attested, which are used by Old Latin writers; most notably Plautus and Terence. The sigmatic future is generally ascribed a future or future perfect meaning, while the sigmatic aorist expresses a possible desire ("might want to").
²The present passive infinitive in -ier is a rare poetic form which is attested.
³At least one rare poetic syncopated perfect form is attested.

Derived terms

• abrogō
• arrogō
• corrogō
• dērogō
• ērogō
• interrogō
• irrogō
• obrogō
• perrogō
• praerogō
• prōrogō
• rogāmentum
• rogātiō
• rogātor
• rogātus
• rogitō
• subrogō / surrogō

Related terms

• rogātiuncula
• rogitātiō

Descendants

• Balkano-Romance:
  • Aromanian: rog, rugari
  • Istro-Romanian: rog
  • Megleno-Romanian: rog, rugari
  • Romanian: ruga, rugare
• Italo-Romance:
  • Italian: rugare, rogare (regional)
• Rhaeto-Romance:
  • Romansh: rujear, ruier, roier, roar, ruver, rovar
• Gallo-Italic:
  • Emilian: rugär
  • Romagnol: rugá
• Gallo-Romance:
  • Bourguignon: reuvai
  • Old French: rover, ruver
    • Middle French: rover
• Ibero-Romance:
  • Asturian: rogar
  • Old Galician-Portuguese: rogar
    • Galician: rogar
    • Portuguese: rogar
  • Spanish: rogar
• Borrowings:
  • → Italian: rogare
  • → Romansh: rugar

Further reading

• “rogo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “rogo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "rogo", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “rogo”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎^[2], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to entreat earnestly; to make urgent requests: magno opere, vehementer, etiam atque etiam rogare aliquem
    
  • to formally propose a law to the people: legem rogare or rogare populum (cf. sect. XVI. 4, note Aulus Gellius...)
    
  • to ask the opinion of..: sententiam rogare, interrogare
    
  • to make soldiers take the military oath: milites sacramento rogare, adigere
    
• Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “rogare”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 10: R, page 445

Nupe

Rógò

Etymology

From Hausa rōgṑ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɾó.ɡò/

Noun

rógò (plural rógòzhì)

1. cassava, Manihot esculenta

References

• Blench, Roger (1989), “The Evolution of the Cultigen Repertoire of the Nupe of West-Central Nigeria”, in Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa

Old Galician-Portuguese

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ-

Proto-Indo-European *-os

Proto-Indo-European *-ós

Proto-Indo-European *-ós

Proto-Indo-European *h₃roǵós

Proto-Italic *rogos

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂

Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂

Proto-Indo-European *-yéti

Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.

Proto-Italic *-ājō

Proto-Italic *-āō

Latin -ō

Latin rogāre

Old Galician-Portuguese rogardeverb.

Old Galician-Portuguese rogo

Deverbal from rogar.

Pronunciation

• (Galicia) IPA^(key): /ˈrɔ.ɡo/
• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈrɔ.ɡʊ/

Noun

rogo m (plural rogos)

1. supplication
2. request

Related terms

• rogar

Descendants

• Galician: rogo
• Portuguese: rogo

Further reading

• Universo Cantigas - "rogo"

Old High German

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *hrugnaz.

Noun

rogo m

1. roe (of fish)

Descendants

• German: Rogen

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

• 𑀭𑁄𑀕𑁄 (Brahmi script)
• रोगो (Devanagari script)
• রোগো (Bengali script)
• රොගො (Sinhalese script)
• ရောဂေါ or ရေႃၷေႃ (Burmese script)
• โรโค (Thai script)
• ᩁᩮᩣᨣᩮᩤ (Tai Tham script)
• ໂຣໂຄ (Lao script)
• រោគោ (Khmer script)
• 𑄢𑄮𑄉𑄮 (Chakma script)

Noun

rogo

1. nominative singular of roga (“disease”)

Portuguese

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ-

Proto-Indo-European *-os

Proto-Indo-European *-ós

Proto-Indo-European *-ós

Proto-Indo-European *h₃roǵós

Proto-Italic *rogos

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂

Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂

Proto-Indo-European *-yéti

Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.

Proto-Italic *-ājō

Proto-Italic *-āō

Latin -ō

Latin rogāre

Old Galician-Portuguese rogardeverb.

Old Galician-Portuguese rogo

Portuguese rogo

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese rogo. Compare Spanish ruego.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈʁo.ɡu/ [ˈho.ɡu]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈʁo.ɡu/ [ˈho.ɡu]
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /ˈʁo.ɡu/ [ˈχo.ɡu]

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈʁo.ɡu/ [ˈʁo.ɣu]

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈʁo.ɡu/ [ˈʁo.ɣu]
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈʁo.ɡu/

• Rhymes: -oɡu
• Hyphenation: ro‧go

Noun

rogo m (plural rogos, metaphonic)

1. begging, supplication

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈʁɔ.ɡu/ [ˈhɔ.ɡu]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈʁɔ.ɡu/ [ˈhɔ.ɡu]
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /ˈʁɔ.ɡu/ [ˈχɔ.ɡu]

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈʁɔ.ɡu/ [ˈʁɔ.ɣu]

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈʁɔ.ɡu/ [ˈʁɔ.ɣu]
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈʁɔ.ɡu/

• Rhymes: -ɔɡu
• Hyphenation: ro‧go

Verb

rogo

1. first-person singular present indicative of rogar

Further reading

• “rogo”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2026
• “rogo”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2026

Veps

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *rooko, borrowed from Baltic, or less likely from Germanic. Cognates include Finnish ruoko.

Noun

rogo

1. reed

Inflection

Inflection of rogo (inflection type 1/ilo)
nominative sing.	rogo
genitive sing.	rogon
partitive sing.	rogod
partitive plur.	rogoid
	singular	plural
nominative	rogo	rogod
accusative	rogon	rogod
genitive	rogon	rogoiden
partitive	rogod	rogoid
essive-instructive	rogon	rogoin
translative	rogoks	rogoikš
inessive	rogos	rogoiš
elative	rogospäi	rogoišpäi
illative	rogoho	rogoihe
adessive	rogol	rogoil
ablative	rogolpäi	rogoilpäi
allative	rogole	rogoile
abessive	rogota	rogoita
comitative	rogonke	rogoidenke
prolative	rogodme	rogoidme
approximative I	rogonno	rogoidenno
approximative II	rogonnoks	rogoidennoks
egressive	rogonnopäi	rogoidennopäi
terminative I	rogohosai	rogoihesai
terminative II	rogolesai	rogoilesai
terminative III	rogossai	—
additive I	rogohopäi	rogoihepäi
additive II	rogolepäi	rogoilepäi

References

• Zajceva, N. G.; Mullonen, M. I. (2007), “камыш, тростник”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary]‎^[3], Petrozavodsk: Periodika