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pro

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Translingual

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English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Etymology

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Abbreviation of English Provençal old.

Symbol

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pro

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Old Occitan.

See also

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English

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Late Middle English pro, from Latin prō (“on behalf of”).

Noun

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pro (plural pros)

  1. An advantage of something, especially when contrasted with its disadvantages (cons).
    Synonyms: advantage, plus, upside
    Antonyms: con, disadvantage, downside, minus
    What are the pros and cons of buying a car?
  2. A person who supports a concept or principle.
    Antonym: anti
Derived terms
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Translations
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Preposition

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pro

  1. In favor of.
    Antonym: anti
    He is pro exercise but against physical exertion, quite a conundrum.
Translations
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Etymology 2

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Clipping of professional.

Noun

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pro (plural pros)

  1. A professional sportsman.
  2. (colloquial) Professional.
    When it comes to DIY, he's a real pro.
Derived terms
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Translations
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Adjective

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pro (comparative more pro, superlative most pro)

  1. Professional.
    He landed a pro mentorship gig.
Derived terms
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Etymology 3

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Clipping of prostitute.

Noun

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pro (plural pros)

  1. (slang) A prostitute.
    • 1974, "Fynn" (Sydney Hopkins), Mister God, This Is Anna
      Millie was one of the dozen or so pros who had a house at the top of the street.
Derived terms
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Etymology 4

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Clipping of proproctor.

Noun

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pro (plural pros)

  1. (UK, slang, archaic) A proproctor.
References
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  • John Camden Hotten (1873), The Slang Dictionary

Etymology 5

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An American WWII era poster advising service members to "take a pro" before having sexual relations.

Clipping of prophylaxis.

Noun

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pro (plural pros)

  1. (slang, historical) A chemical prophylaxis taken after sex to avoid contracting venereal disease.

See also

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Anagrams

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Catalan

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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pro m (plural pros)

  1. pro; benefit; bonus

Preposition

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pro

  1. pro, for; in favour of

Chinese

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Etymology

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From clipping of English professional.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /pʰou̯²²/, /pʰɹou̯²²/

Adjective

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pro

  1. (Hong Kong Cantonese) professional

Synonyms

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See also

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Czech

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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    Inherited from Old Czech pro, from Proto-Slavic *pro.

    Preposition

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    pro [with accusative]

    1. for
      Zabili ho pro peníze. ― They killed him for his money.

    Etymology 2

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    Noun

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    pro n (indeclinable)

    1. pro (advantage)
      Synonym: klad
      Antonyms: proti, zápor
      Všechno má svá pro a proti. ― Everything has its pros and cons.

    Etymology 3

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    Abbreviation of prosinec.

    Noun

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    pro m inan

    1. abbreviation of prosinec or prosince (“December”)
      Coordinate terms: led, úno, bře, dub, kvě, čvn, čvc, srp, zář, říj, lis

    Further reading

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    Dutch

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    Pronunciation

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    Etymology 1

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    Borrowed from Latin pro.

    Noun

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    pro n (plural pro's, no diminutive)

    1. pro (advantage of something)
      Synonyms: plus, pluspunt
      Antonyms: contra, min, minpunt

    Noun

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    pro m or f by sense (plural pro's, no diminutive)

    1. pro (person who supports a concept or principle)

    Preposition

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    pro

    1. pro (in favor of)
      Synonym: voor
      Antonyms: contra, tegen

    Etymology 2

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    Probably borrowed from English pro.

    Noun

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    pro m or f by sense (plural pro's, no diminutive)

    1. (informal) pro (professional)
      Synonyms: prof, profi, professional

    Esperanto

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    Etymology

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      Borrowed from Latin prō or Ancient Greek πρό (pró).

      Pronunciation

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      Preposition

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      pro

      1. caused by, because of, owing to, due to
      2. motivated by, for the sake of, on account of, for
      3. in exchange for

      See also

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      Further reading

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      Finnish

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      Etymology 1

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      Learned borrowing from Latin pro or Ancient Greek πρό (pró).

      Pronunciation

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      • IPA(key): /ˈproː/, [ˈpro̞ː]
      • Rhymes: -oː
      • Syllabification(key): pro
      • Hyphenation(key): pro

      Adverb

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      pro (not comparable) [with nominative]

      1. instead of, rather than
        Synonym: sijaan
        Sana taipuu kusi:kusen (pro "kusin").
        The word is inflected kusi:kusen (not "kusin").

      References

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      • Ruppel, Klaas, editor (2021–2023), Suomen etymologinen sanakirja [Finnish Etymological Dictionary] (Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 72)‎[1] (in Finnish), Kotimaisten kielten keskus, →ISSN

      Further reading

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      Etymology 2

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      Borrowed from English pro, from professional.

      Pronunciation

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      • IPA(key): /ˈproː/, [ˈpro̞ː]
      • IPA(key): /ˈprou̯/, [ˈpro̞u̯]
      • Rhymes: -oː

      Adjective

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      pro (not comparable) (colloquial)

      1. skilled
        Synonym: taitava
      Declension
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      Inflection of pro (Kotus type 21/rosé, no gradation)
      nominative pro prot
      genitive pron proiden
      proitten
      partitive prota proita
      illative prohon proihin
      singular plural
      nominative pro prot
      accusative nom. pro prot
      gen. pron
      genitive pron proiden
      proitten
      partitive prota proita
      inessive prossa proissa
      elative prosta proista
      illative prohon proihin
      adessive prolla proilla
      ablative prolta proilta
      allative prolle proille
      essive prona proina
      translative proksi proiksi
      abessive protta proitta
      instructive — proin
      comitative — proine
      Possessive forms of pro (Kotus type 21/rosé, no gradation)
      Rare. Only used with substantive adjectives.
      first-person singular possessor
      singular plural
      nominative proni proni
      accusative nom. proni proni
      gen. proni
      genitive proni proideni
      proitteni
      partitive protani proitani
      inessive prossani proissani
      elative prostani proistani
      illative prohoni proihini
      adessive prollani proillani
      ablative proltani proiltani
      allative prolleni proilleni
      essive pronani proinani
      translative prokseni proikseni
      abessive prottani proittani
      instructive — —
      comitative — proineni
      second-person singular possessor
      singular plural
      nominative prosi prosi
      accusative nom. prosi prosi
      gen. prosi
      genitive prosi proidesi
      proittesi
      partitive protasi proitasi
      inessive prossasi proissasi
      elative prostasi proistasi
      illative prohosi proihisi
      adessive prollasi proillasi
      ablative proltasi proiltasi
      allative prollesi proillesi
      essive pronasi proinasi
      translative proksesi proiksesi
      abessive prottasi proittasi
      instructive — —
      comitative — proinesi
      first-person plural possessor
      singular plural
      nominative promme promme
      accusative nom. promme promme
      gen. promme
      genitive promme proidemme
      proittemme
      partitive protamme proitamme
      inessive prossamme proissamme
      elative prostamme proistamme
      illative prohomme proihimme
      adessive prollamme proillamme
      ablative proltamme proiltamme
      allative prollemme proillemme
      essive pronamme proinamme
      translative proksemme proiksemme
      abessive prottamme proittamme
      instructive — —
      comitative — proinemme
      second-person plural possessor
      singular plural
      nominative pronne pronne
      accusative nom. pronne pronne
      gen. pronne
      genitive pronne proidenne
      proittenne
      partitive protanne proitanne
      inessive prossanne proissanne
      elative prostanne proistanne
      illative prohonne proihinne
      adessive prollanne proillanne
      ablative proltanne proiltanne
      allative prollenne proillenne
      essive pronanne proinanne
      translative proksenne proiksenne
      abessive prottanne proittanne
      instructive — —
      comitative — proinenne

      Further reading

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      French

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      Pronunciation

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      Etymology 1

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        Clipping of professionnel(le).

        Adjective

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        pro (plural pros)

        1. (informal) professional
          Il est très pro.
          He's a real pro.

        Noun

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        pro m or f by sense (plural pros)

        1. (informal) professional
          Elle est une vraie pro.
          She's a real pro.
        2. (informal) a whiz, someone who is very good at something
          Nous avons affaire à un pro !
          We're dealing with a pro!

        Further reading

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        Etymology 2

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        From prochain.

        Adjective

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        pro (plural pros)

        1. (informal) next
          la semaine pro
          next week

        Gerka

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        Numeral

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        prò

        1. four

        German

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        Etymology

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        Borrowed from Latin prō (“for”).

        Pronunciation

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        Preposition

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        pro [with accusative or dative or nominative]

        1. per, each
          Synonyms: je, für
          Samt Mehrwertsteuer ergibt sich ein Kaufpreis von rund 30 Euro pro Stück
          After VAT the price comes to around 30 euros each.
          Der durchschnittliche Pro-Kopf-Konsum von Bier in Deutschland im Jahr 2018 summierte sich auf rund 101,1 Liter.
          Average beer consumption in Germany in 2018 came to 101.1 liters per head.

        Usage notes

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        • Followed by a noun in either the accusative, dative or nominative case. No semantic distinction is made between the cases here. Examples from Duden:
          pro gefahrenen / gefahrenem Kilometer ― per kilometer travelled
          pro verkauftes / verkauftem Exemplar ― for every copy sold
          • The accusative is the most prescriptive and most formal sounding case.
          • The nominative is especially popular when a bare noun (i.e. without adjectives or other modifiers) follows the preposition:
            pro Mensch NOM >> pro Menschen ACC / DAT
            pro Kollege NOM >> pro Kollegen ACC / DAT
        • When used in a Latin phrase, the ablative is used according to the rules of Latin grammar: pars pro toto or Pars pro Toto, and pro forma or pro Forma.

        Derived terms

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        Further reading

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        Ido

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        Preposition

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        pro

        1. because of

        Indonesian

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        Pronunciation

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        • IPA(key): [ˈpro]
        • Hyphenation: pro

        Etymology 1

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        Learned borrowing from Latin pro.

        Adjective

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        pro (comparative lebih pro, superlative paling pro)

        1. (colloquial) pro, in favor of
          Synonym: setuju
        2. more
          Synonym: lebih

        Etymology 2

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        From clipping of profesional (“professional”).

        Noun

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        pro (plural pro-pro)

        1. clipping of profesional (“professional”)

        Further reading

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        Interlingua

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        Alternative forms

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        Etymology

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        From Latin prō, which is the predecessor of French pour, Italian pro and Spanish para via Vulgar Latin por. See also por.

        Pronunciation

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        Preposition

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        pro

        1. for, to, for the sake of, not against
          Ille ha un dono pro te.
          He has a gift for you.
          Io ha votate pro iste candidato.
          I've voted for this candidate.
          Medicamento pro uso interne.
          Medication for internal use
        2. in place of, in exchange for, in return for
          Illa prendeva le robo pro solmente vinti euros!
          She got the dress for only twenty euros!
        3. (+ infinitive) to, in order to (expressing the intended purpose of an action)
          Io vole cantar pro facer te retornar.
          I want to sing to make you return.

        Italian

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        Etymology 1

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        From Latin prō (“for, on behalf of”).

        Pronunciation

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        • IPA(key): /ˈprɔ/°, /pro/° (preposition)
          • Rhymes: -ɔ, -o
          • Hyphenation: prò, pro
        • IPA(key): /ˈprɔ/* (noun)
          • Rhymes: -ɔ
          • Hyphenation: prò
        • The preposition does not trigger syntactic gemination in the following word, but the noun does.

        Preposition

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        pro

        1. (dated) for, in favor of/in favour of
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        Noun

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        pro m (invariable)

        1. (dated) good, benefit, advantage, weal
          • 1321, Dante Alighieri, La divina commedia: Inferno, Le Monnier, published 1994, Canto II, p. 29, vv. 109-111:
            Al mondo non fur mai persone ratte ¶ a far lor pro o a fuggir lor danno, ¶ com'io, dopo cotai parole fatte.
            Never were persons in the world so swift ¶ to work their weal and to escape their woe, ¶ as I, after such words as these were uttered.
        2. pro (as in English “pros and cons”)

        Etymology 2

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          Borrowed from English pro.

          Pronunciation

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          • IPA(key): /ˈprɔ/*
          • Rhymes: -ɔ
          • Hyphenation: prò

          Noun

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          pro m (invariable)

          1. (slang) pro

          Ladin

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          Noun

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          pro m (plural pro)

          1. good; benefit; advantage

          Latin

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          Alternative forms

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          Etymology

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            From Proto-Italic *prō, from an innovative instrumental singular *próh₁ derived from Proto-Indo-European *pró (“toward”).[1]

            Use with accusative nouns is originally by analogy to ante, amplified in Late Latin due to the merger of other cases with the accusative.

            Pronunciation

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            Preposition

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            prō (+ ablative, accusative)

            1. for
            2. on behalf of, in the interest of, for the sake of
              • 6th century BCE, Tibur pedestal inscription (CIL I2 2658):
                𐌇𐌏𐌉𐌌𐌄𐌃𐌌𐌉𐌕𐌀𐌕𐌊𐌀𐌖𐌉𐌏𐌔[…]𐌌𐌏𐌍𐌉𐌏𐌔𐌒𐌄𐌕𐌉𐌏𐌔𐌃[𐌏]𐌍𐌏𐌌𐌐𐌓𐌏𐌅𐌉𐌋𐌄𐌏𐌃
                [Hoi mēd mītāt Kāvios […]monios Qetios, d[ō]nom prō fīleōd.]
                HOIMEDMITATKAVIOS[…]MONIOSQETIOSD[O]NOMPROFILEOD
                Gavius […]monius Cetius places me here [as] a gift on behalf of [his] son.
            3. before, in front of
            4. instead of
            5. about
            6. according to (someone)
            7. as, like
            8. as befitting (something), in keeping with, with respect to
              Synonyms: ex, secundum, quoad (Medieval Latin)

            Usage notes

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            • Use with the accusative is chiefly attested from Late Latin onwards.

            Derived terms

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            Descendants

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            • Late Latin: pōr (see there for further descendants)
            • Sardinian: pro, po
            • Borrowings:
              • → Italian: pro
              • → English: pro
              • → Esperanto: por
              • → Finnish: pro
              • → German: pro
              • → Indonesian: pro
              • → Portuguese: pró

            Interjection

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            prō

            1. oh! alas!

            Usage notes

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            Usually followed by the vocative. Followed by the accusative in the set phrase prō deum fidem!, “by the help of the gods!”, which is also found elliptically as prō deum. Also found alone, enclosed from the main clause.

            Alternative forms

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            Derived terms

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            References

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            1. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “prō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 489-90

            Further reading

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            • “prō¹”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
            • “prō²”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
            • “prō¹”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
            • “prō²”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
            • “pro”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
            • "pro", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
            • Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎[5], London: Macmillan and Co.
              • to make up, stir up a fire: ignem excitare (pro Mur. 25. 51)
              • as well as I can; to the best of my ability: pro viribus or pro mea parte
              • as well as I can; to the best of my ability: pro virili parte (cf. sect. V. 22.)
              • to die for one's country: mortem occumbere pro patria
              • to shed one's blood for one's fatherland: sanguinem suum pro patria effundere or profundere
              • to sacrifice oneself for one's country: vitam profundere pro patria
              • to sacrifice oneself for one's country: se morti offerre pro salute patriae
              • according to circumstances: pro re (nata), pro tempore
              • according to circumstances: pro tempore et pro re
              • to avoid no risk in order to..: nullum periculum recusare pro
              • to show gratitude (in one's acts): gratiam alicui referre (meritam, debitam) pro aliqua re
              • to thank a person (in words): gratias alicui agere pro aliqua re
              • to return good for evil: pro maleficiis beneficia reddere
              • according to a man's deserts: ex, pro merito
              • to strain every nerve, do one's utmost in a matter: pro viribus eniti et laborare, ut
              • this much I can vouch for: illud pro certo affirmare licet
              • to quote an argument in favour of immortality: argumentum immortalitatis afferre (not pro)
              • this goes to prove what I say: hoc est a (pro) me
              • the matter speaks for itself: res ipsa (pro me apud te) loquitur
              • to translate literally, word for word (not verbo tenus): verbum pro verbo reddere
              • to be security for some one: sponsionem facere, sponsorem esse pro aliquo
              • to revenge oneself on another for a thing or on some one's behalf: ulcisci aliquem pro aliquo or pro aliqua re
              • to give some one satisfaction for an injury: satisfacere alicui pro (de) iniuriis
              • to tell lies: falsa (pro veris) dicere
              • a religious war: bellum pro religionibus susceptum
              • to sacrifice human victims: pro victimis homines immolare
              • to fight for hearth and home: pro aris et focis pugnare, certare, dimicare
              • to support a bill (before the people): pro lege dicere
              • to go to Cilicia as pro-consul: pro consule in Ciliciam proficisci
              • to give evidence on some one's behalf: testimonium dicere pro aliquo
              • to state as evidence: pro testimonio dicere
              • to defend a person: causam dicere pro aliquo
              • to punish some one: ulcisci aliquem (pro aliqua re)
              • to be on duty before the gates: stationes agere pro portis
            • pro in Ramminger, Johann (16 July 2016 (last accessed)), Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎[6], pre-publication website, 2005-2016

            Luxembourgish

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            Etymology

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            From Latin.

            Pronunciation

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            Preposition

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            pro

            1. per

            Middle English

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            Etymology

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            From Latin prō.

            Pronunciation

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            Noun

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            pro

            1. (Late Middle English, rare) advantage, benefit, upside

            Descendants

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            References

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            Occitan

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            Pronunciation

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            Preposition

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            pro

            1. enough
              N'i a pro. - There is enough (of it).
            2. quite
              Una rauba pro polida. - A quite pretty dress.

            Old French

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            Etymology 1

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            Preposition

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            pro

            1. (very early Old French) alternative form of por

            Etymology 2

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            From Late Latin prōde. Doublet of preu.

            Alternative forms

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            Noun

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            pro oblique singular, m (no plural, nominative singular pro)

            1. profit, advantage
              • ca. 1050, Vie de Saint Alexis:
                Bons fut li sècles al tens ancienur, si ert créḍance, dunt or n'i a nul prut. Tut est muḍez, perdut aḍ sa colur.
                Good was the time of the ancients, as there was trust, in which nowadays there is no profit. Everything has changed and has lost its color.
              • 11th century, Chanson de Roland, 221-222:
                E dist al Rei : « Ja mar crerez bricun, / Ne mei ne altre, se de vostre prod nun. [...] »
                (Ganelon speaks to Charlemaigne) And he said to the king, "You should never believe a madman: [believe] neither me nor anyone else, unless it is of your advantage. [...]"
            Descendants
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            Old Spanish

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            Etymology

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            From Late Latin prōde (“useful”), perhaps via Old Occitan pro.

            Pronunciation

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            Noun

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            pro f (usually uncountable)

            1. usefulness, advantage, benefit
              • c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 5v:
                Andat ⁊ matemoſle. Echemoſle en aq̃l pozo. E ueremos que prol aura so suenno. […]
                [Andad e matemos-le. Echemos-le en aquel pozo, E veremos que pro-l avra so suenno. […] ]
                “Go and let us kill him. Let us throw him into that pit, and we shall see of what use his dream is to him! […] ”
              • 1140 – 1207, Anonymous, Cantar de mio Cid 1374:
                Bien casariemos con sus fijas pora huebos de pro
                We would do well marrying his daughters, out of need for [our own] benefit.
              • 1140 – 1207, Anonymous, Cantar de mío Cid 1913:
                Andar le qͥero amyo çid en toda pro
                I want to always support the Cid.
                (literally, “I want to walk for my Cid in every advantage.”)
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            Portuguese

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            Alternative forms

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            Etymology

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            Contraction of pra +‎ o.

            Pronunciation

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            Contraction

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            pro (feminine pra, masculine plural pros, feminine plural pras)

            1. (colloquial) contraction of pra +‎ o, literally “for/to the (masculine singular)”
              Ana foi pros Estados Unidos, não foi?
              Ana went to the United States, didn't she?

            Sardinian

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            Alternative forms

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            Etymology

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            From Latin pro.

            Pronunciation

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            Preposition

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            pro

            1. for

            Serbo-Croatian

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            Noun

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            pro m inan (Cyrillic spelling про)

            1. (Croatia) abbreviation of prosinac or prosinca (“December”)
              Coordinate terms: sij, velj, ožu, tra, svi, lip, srp, kol, ruj, lis, stu

            Spanish

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            Pronunciation

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            • IPA(key): /ˈpɾo/ [ˈpɾo]
            • Rhymes: -o
            • Syllabification: pro

            Etymology 1

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              Inherited from Old Spanish pro, from Late Latin prōde (“useful”).

              Noun

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              pro m (plural pros)

              1. usefulness, advantage, benefit
              Derived terms
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              Etymology 2

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              A recent Latinism, borrowed from Latin prō; see above. Doublet of por.

              Preposition

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              pro

              1. pro, in favor of, for
              Usage notes
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              Etymology 3

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              A very recent anglicism, borrowed from English pro.

              Noun

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              pro m or f by sense (plural pros)

              1. pro (professional)
                Ella es toda una pro.
                She's a real pro.

              Adjective

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              pro m or f (masculine and feminine plural pro or pros)

              1. pro (professional)
                Los atletas pro llegaron ayer, los otros vienen hoy.
                The pro athletes arrived yesterday, the rest are coming today.

              Further reading

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              Volapük

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              Preposition

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              pro

              1. for
                • 1938, “Pö yelacen”, in Volapükagased pro Nedänapükans, page 1:
                  Yel epasetiköl no ebinon bönik pro muf obsik.
                  The past year has not been favorable for our movement.
                • 1938, “Ge lü Volapük!”, in Volapükagased pro Nedänapükans, pages 17-19:
                  If xamobs yufapükis dabinöl, täno mutobs dasevön, das ons valik jenöfo binons geboviks pro disein.
                  If we examine the existing auxiliary languages, we must admit that they are all indeed useful for the purpose.