pas

See also: Appendix:Variations of "pas"

Languages (43)

Translingual • English

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Afrikaans • Albanian • Antillean Creole • Aragonese • Asturian • Azerbaijani • Bau Bidayuh • Catalan • Chuukese • Cornish • Cypriot Arabic • Czech • Danish • Dutch • Epigraphic Mayan • Finnish • French • Friulian • Indonesian • Irish • Lithuanian • Lombard • Lower Sorbian • Malay • Middle French • Mofu-Gudur • Occitan • Old French • Palula • Papiamentu • Polish • Portuguese • Romanian • Scottish Gaelic • Serbo-Croatian • Slovak • Spanish • Tok Pisin • Turkish • Volapük • Welsh

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Page categories

Translingual

Symbol

pas

1. (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Papasena.

See also

• Wiktionary’s coverage of Papasena terms

English

Etymology 1

Borrowed from French pas.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pɑː/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

Noun

pas (plural pas)

1. (now rare) The right of going foremost; precedence. [from 18th c.]
   • 1792, Charlotte Smith, Desmond, Broadview, published 2001, page 71:

     ‘Nobody of any elegance of manners can exist, where tradesmen, attornies, and mechanics have the pas.’

   • 1847 January – 1848 July, William Makepeace Thackeray, chapter 9, in Vanity Fair […], London: Bradbury and Evans […], published 1848, →OCLC:

     Even Mrs. Bute Crawley, the Rector's wife, refused to visit her, as she said she would never give the pas to a tradesman's daughter.

2. A step in a dance. [from 18th c.]
   • 1848 November – 1850 December, William Makepeace Thackeray, chapter 18, in The History of Pendennis. […], volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1849–1850, →OCLC:

     The premier pas in life is the most important of all ……

Derived terms

• have the pas of someone

Translations

step

• Bulgarian: танцова стъпка f (tancova stăpka)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 舞步 (zh) (wǔbù)

• Finnish: askel (fi), tanssiaskel
• French: pas (fr) m
• German: Schritt (de) m
• Polish: pas (pl) m
• Russian: па (ru) n (pa)

See also

• haut-pas
• n'est-ce pas
• pas de deux
• pas de quatre
• pas de trois
• pas devant
• pas devant les enfants
• pas seul

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pɑːz/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

Noun

pas

1. plural of pa

Anagrams

• SPA, APS, Spa, SAP, sap, APs, PsA, s.ap., spa, asp, PSA, ASP, SpA, Psa.

Afrikaans

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [pɑs]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

pas (plural passe)

1. pace, step
2. pass (a card or document)

   die paswette tydens die apartheidsjare - the pass laws during the years of apartheid

References

• 2007. The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Department of Linguistics.

Albanian

Alternative forms

• mbas — Tosk, Standard Albanian
• mas — Gheg
• môs — southern Gheg, Kavajë

Etymology

From Proto-Albanian *pa ̊, from Proto-Indo-European *pós (“directly to, at, after”). Cognate to Ancient Greek πός (pós, “at, to, by”), Old Church Slavonic по (po, “behind, after”).

Preposition

pas (+ ablative)

1. behind, beyond
2. after
3. at
4. over
5. against

Adverb

pas

1. behind
2. after
3. hence

Derived terms

• pasi
• pastaj
• pasojë
• pasardhës

Related terms

• pa
• mbasi
• mbas

Antillean Creole

Etymology

From French parce.

Conjunction

pas

1. alternative form of paskè (“because”)

References

• Frank, David B., editor (2020), “pas”, in Kwéyòl Dictionary‎^[1], Dallas: SIL International
• Tourneux, Henry; Barbotin, Maurice (1990), Dictionnaire pratique du créole de Guadeloupe [Practical Dictionary of Guadeloupean Creole], Paris: Karthala and A.C.C.T., →ISBN, page 303
• Pinalie, Pierre (2009), Dictionnaire élémentaire français-créole [Elementary French-Creole Dictionary], Paris: L'Harmattan, →ISBN, page 221

Aragonese

FWOTD – 21 June 2013

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpas/
• Rhymes: -as
• Syllabification: pas

Adverb

pas

1. emphasises a negation; (not) at all; (not) ever
   • 2010, Academia de l’Aragonés, Propuesta ortografica de l’Academia de l’Aragonés, 2nd edition, Edacar, page I:

     –pero no pas superficial, asperamos–

     – but not at all superficial, we hope –

   • 2010, Academia de l’Aragonés, Propuesta ortografica de l’Academia de l’Aragonés, 2nd edition, Edacar, page 20:

     No ocurre pas debant de f-, […]

     It doesn’t ever occur before f-, […]

See also

• no

Asturian

Noun

pas m pl

1. plural of pá

Azerbaijani

Other scripts

Cyrillic		пас
Arabic		پاس

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [pɑs]

Etymology 1

Ultimately from Proto-Turkic *bas (“residue”).

Noun

pas (definite accusative pası, plural paslar)

1. rust
   1. deteriorated state of iron or steel

      pas atmaq ― to rust

   2. disease of plants
2. (figurative) shame, disgrace, infamy

   Synonym: eyib

Declension

Declension of pas

	singular	plural
nominative	pas	paslar
definite accusative	pası	pasları
dative	pasa	paslara
locative	pasda	paslarda
ablative	pasdan	paslardan
definite genitive	pasın	pasların

Possessive forms of pas

	nominative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	pasım	paslarım
sənin (“your”)	pasın	pasların
onun (“his/her/its”)	pası	pasları
bizim (“our”)	pasımız	paslarımız
sizin (“your”)	pasınız	paslarınız
onların (“their”)	pası or pasları	pasları
	accusative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	pasımı	paslarımı
sənin (“your”)	pasını	paslarını
onun (“his/her/its”)	pasını	paslarını
bizim (“our”)	pasımızı	paslarımızı
sizin (“your”)	pasınızı	paslarınızı
onların (“their”)	pasını or paslarını	paslarını
	dative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	pasıma	paslarıma
sənin (“your”)	pasına	paslarına
onun (“his/her/its”)	pasına	paslarına
bizim (“our”)	pasımıza	paslarımıza
sizin (“your”)	pasınıza	paslarınıza
onların (“their”)	pasına or paslarına	paslarına
	locative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	pasımda	paslarımda
sənin (“your”)	pasında	paslarında
onun (“his/her/its”)	pasında	paslarında
bizim (“our”)	pasımızda	paslarımızda
sizin (“your”)	pasınızda	paslarınızda
onların (“their”)	pasında or paslarında	paslarında
	ablative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	pasımdan	paslarımdan
sənin (“your”)	pasından	paslarından
onun (“his/her/its”)	pasından	paslarından
bizim (“our”)	pasımızdan	paslarımızdan
sizin (“your”)	pasınızdan	paslarınızdan
onların (“their”)	pasından or paslarından	paslarından
	genitive
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	pasımın	paslarımın
sənin (“your”)	pasının	paslarının
onun (“his/her/its”)	pasının	paslarının
bizim (“our”)	pasımızın	paslarımızın
sizin (“your”)	pasınızın	paslarınızın
onların (“their”)	pasının or paslarının	paslarının

Derived terms

• paslanmaq
• paslandırmaq

Related terms

• pasaq

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Russian пас (pas).

Noun

pas (definite accusative pası, plural paslar)

1. (card games) pass (declining to play in one's turn)
2. (sports) pass (the passing of the ball)

   Hərdən mənə də pas at da. ― Pass me the ball sometimes too.

References

• Orucov, Əliheydər, editor (2006), “pas”, in Azərbaycan dilinin izahlı lüğəti [Explanatory Dictionary of the Azerbaijani Language]‎^[2] (in Azerbaijani), 2nd edition, volume 3, Baku: Şərq-Qərb, page 580
• Altun Kitab (2013–), “pas”, in Azleks

Bau Bidayuh

Noun

pas

1. squirrel (rodent)

Catalan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Northern, Balearic, Central, Valencia, Northwestern) [ˈpas]

• Audio (Catalonia):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -as
• Hyphenation: pas

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Catalan pas, from Latin passus (“step”). Its use as an auxiliary adverb comes from an accusative use (Latin nec…passum) in negative constructions – literally ‘not…a step’, i.e. ‘not at all’ – originally used with certain verbs of motion. Compare similarly used French pas. Cognate with Galician and Spanish paso and Portuguese passo.

Noun

pas m (plural passos)

1. pace, step
2. (historical, measure) paso, Spanish pace, a traditional unit of length
3. (figuratively) pace, action
4. pace, gait, rhythm of walking

Synonyms

• passa

Coordinate terms

• (unit of length): peu (⅕ pas), vara (⅗ pas), braça (1⅕ pas)

Derived terms

• passet

Related terms

• passar

Adverb

pas

1. (in negative sentences) used to intensify negation: at all, ever

   No feu pas això ― Do not ever do this

   No serà pas important. ― It won't matter. (literally, “It won't be so important.”)

Usage notes

• The main marker of negation in Catalan is the adverb no. No is placed before the verbs, while pas is usually placed after it. Unlike Occitan or French, where pas and pas is a mandatory negative particle (under many circumstances); in Catalan, pas is only used as an optional intensifier of negation. However, some northern dialects use "pas" instead of "no" as the mandatory negative particle. Also, in many dialects "pas" has totally disappeared.

Etymology 2

Deverbal from passar.

Noun

pas m (plural passos)

1. passing
2. crossing

   pas zebra ― zebra crossing

3. passage

   ritu de pas ― rite of passage

4. pitch (distance between evenly spaced objects)

   pas de rosca

   screw pitch

   (the distance from a point on a screw thread to a corresponding point on the next thread measured parallel to the axis)

   pas polar ― polar pitch

Derived terms

• de pas
• pas a nivell
• pas de vianants
• pas zebra

References

• “pas”, in Diccionari de la llengua catalana [Dictionary of the Catalan Language] (in Catalan), second edition, Institute of Catalan Studies [Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans], April 2007
• “pas”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2026
• “pas” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• Alcover, Antoni Maria; Moll, Francesc de Borja (1963), “pas”, in Diccionari català-valencià-balear (in Catalan)

Chuukese

Preposition

pas

1. past

Cornish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /paːz/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Brythonic *pas, from Proto-Celtic *kʷast-, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷeh₂s- (“to cough”). Cognate with Breton paz and Welsh pas.

Noun

pas m (plural pasow)

1. cough

Derived terms

• losanj pas (“cough sweet”)
• pas garm (“whooping cough”)
• pasa (“cough”, verb)

Verb

pas

1. third-person singular present indicative/future indicative of pasa
2. second-person singular imperative of pasa

Etymology 2

Borrowed from English pace.

Noun

pas m (plural pasys)

1. pace, step

   Synonym: kamm

Mutation

Mutation of pas

radical	soft	aspirate	hard	mixed
pas	bas	fas	unchanged	unchanged

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Cornish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Cypriot Arabic

Root
p-w-s
2 terms

Etymology

Inherited from Arabic بَاسَ (bāsa).

Verb

pas I (present pipús) (transitive)

1. to kiss

References

• Borg, Alexander (2004), A Comparative Glossary of Cypriot Maronite Arabic (Arabic–English) (Handbook of Oriental Studies; I.70), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 168

Czech

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈpas]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Audio:

  (file)

Etymology 1

Noun

pas m inan

1. alternative form of pás (“waist”)

Declension

Declension of pas (hard masculine inanimate)

	singular	plural
nominative	pas	pasy
genitive	pasu	pasů
dative	pasu	pasům
accusative	pas	pasy
vocative	pase	pasy
locative	pase, pasu	pasech
instrumental	pasem	pasy

Etymology 2

Borrowed from German Pass.

Noun

pas m inan

1. passport

   číslo pasu ― passport number

Declension

Declension of pas (hard masculine inanimate)

	singular	plural
nominative	pas	pasy
genitive	pasu	pasů
dative	pasu	pasům
accusative	pas	pasy
vocative	pase	pasy
locative	pase, pasu	pasech
instrumental	pasem	pasy

Derived terms

• cestovní pas
• zbrojní pas

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

pas

1. second-person singular imperative of pást

Further reading

• “pas”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
• “pas”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
• “pas”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2026

Danish

Etymology 1

From German Pass, from Italian passaporto.

Noun

pas n (singular definite passet, plural indefinite pas)

1. passport

Declension

Declension of pas

neuter gender	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	pas	passet	pas	passene
genitive	pas'	passets	pas'	passenes

Etymology 2

From French pas and German Pass, from Latin passus.

Noun

pas n (singular definite passet, plural indefinite pas)

1. (geography) mountain pass

   Synonym: bjergpas

Declension

Declension of pas

neuter gender	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	pas	passet	pas	passene
genitive	pas'	passets	pas'	passenes

Etymology 3

From French passe.

Noun

pas c (singular definite passen, plural indefinite passer)

1. (card games) pass

Declension

Declension of pas

common gender	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	pas	passen	passer	passerne
genitive	pas'	passens	passers	passernes

References

• “pas” in Den Danske Ordbog

Dutch

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pɑs/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: pas
• Rhymes: -ɑs

Etymology 1

Deverbal from passen, from Middle Dutch passen, from pas, from Old French pas, from Latin passus. Equivalent to a derivation from etymology 2.

Adverb

pas

1. just, recently

   Dit huis is pas gerenoveerd.

   This house has been renovated just recently.

2. hardly
3. only, not until, not any sooner

   Pas als je kamer is opgeruimd, krijg je een koekje.

   Only when your room has been cleaned up, you'll get a cookie.

4. now … really

   Da's pas stoer!

   Now that is really cool!

Derived terms

• daarpas
• pasgeboren
• pasgeleden
• pasgetrouwd
• zopas

Descendants

• Afrikaans: pas
• Negerhollands: pas
• → Aukan: pasi pasi
• → Caribbean Hindustani: pás
• → Caribbean Javanese: pas
• → Indonesian: pas
• → Volapük: pas

Adjective

pas (used only predicatively, not comparable, no superlative)

1. fitting, having a proper fit, having the correct size and shape

   Die schoenen zijn niet pas.

   Those shoes do not fit well.

Derived terms

• waterpas

Descendants

• → Indonesian: pas

Etymology 2

From Middle Dutch pas, from Old French pas, from Latin passus.

Noun

pas m (plural passen, diminutive pasje n)

1. pace, step; also as a measure of distance
2. (geography) mountain pass
3. fit of an object, notably depending on forms and/or dimensions

Derived terms

• bergpas
• danspas
• looppas
• wandelpas

Descendants

• Afrikaans: pas
• → Indonesian: pas

Etymology 3

From paspoort or from etymology 2.

Noun

pas m (plural passen, diminutive pasje n)

1. pass, passport (travel document)
2. identification document

Derived terms

• bankpas
• betaalpas
• ledenpas
• pasfoto
• pinpas
• reispas

Descendants

• Afrikaans: pas
• → Caribbean Javanese: layang pas
• → Indonesian: pas
• → Papiamentu: pas

Etymology 4

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

pas

1. inflection of passen:
   1. first-person singular present indicative
   2. (in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative
   3. imperative

Anagrams

• sap

Epigraphic Mayan

Verb

pas

1. to open

Finnish

Etymology

From French (je) passe.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpɑs/, [ˈpɑ̝s̠]
• Rhymes: -ɑs
• Syllabification^(key): pas
• Hyphenation^(key): pas

Interjection

pas

1. (card games) I pass!

Further reading

• “pas”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[3] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 3 July 2023

French

Etymology

Inherited from Old French pas, from Latin passus.

Its use as an auxiliary negative adverb comes from an accusative use (Latin nec… passum) in negative constructions – literally “not… a step”, i.e. “not at all” – originally used with certain verbs of motion. In older French other nouns could also be used in this way, such as ne… goutte (“not… a drop”) and ne… mie (“not… a crumb”), but in the modern language pas has become grammaticalized.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pa/ ~ /pɑ/

• Audio (France):

  (file)

• (Canada) IPA^(key): [pɔ]

• Audio (Quebec):

  (file)

• Audio (Quebec, formal):

  (file)

• Audio (France (Paris)):

  (file)

• Audio (France (Toulouse)):

  (file)

• Audio (France (Vosges)):

  (file)

• Audio (France):

  (file)

• Audio (France (Vosges)):

  (file)

• Audio (France (Lyon)):

  (file)

• Audio (France (Somain)):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -a, -ɑ

Noun

pas m (invariable)

1. step, pace, footstep
   • 2018, Zaz, “On s'en remet jamais”:

     Des pas qu'on gravait dans la neige sont partis avec le printemps.

     Steps we etched in the snow are gone with the [arrival of] spring.

2. (geography) strait, pass

   Pas de Calais ― Strait of Dover

3. thread, pitch (of a screw or nut)

Derived terms

• à deux pas
• à grands pas
• à pas de géant
• à pas de loup
• à pas de tortue
• à pas feutrés
• allonger le pas
• au pas de charge
• au pas de course
• au pas de gymnastique
• céder le pas
• de ce pas
• emboîter le pas
• en dire des vertes et des pas mûres
• faire le premier pas
• faire les cent pas
• faux pas
• franchir le pas
• il n'y a que le premier pas qui coûte
• marquer le pas
• mettre au pas
• pas à pas
• pas chassé
• pas d'armes
• Pas de Calais
• pas de chat
• pas japonais
• pas mal
• prendre le pas
• presser le pas
• revenir sur ses pas
• salle des pas perdus
• sauter le pas
• tirer d'un mauvais pas

Descendants

• Haitian Creole: pa
• Mauritian Creole: pa

Adverb

pas

1. The most common adverb of negation in French, typically translating into English as not, don't, doesn't, etc.

   Je ne sais pas.

   I don't know

   Ma grande sœur n'habite pas avec nous.

   My big sister doesn't live with us.

   J’veux pas travailler.

   I don't wanna work.

   (Je ne veux pas travailler)

2. (colloquial) used as an intensifier in underlying rhetorical questions, mostly with voilà

   Et v'là t-y pas qu'elle m'en colle une ! ― And I tell you, she slapped me just like that!

   Et me voilà pas arrivé sans un kopeck au bercail. ― And there I am, home without a dime.

Usage notes

• The adverb of negation pas is normally used in conjunction with the particle ne, as in the examples Je ne sais pas and Ma grande sœur n’habite pas avec nous above. In colloquial language, ne can be dropped, as in the example J'veux pas travailler above. This is an example of Jespersen's cycle.
• Word order:
  • Pas directly follows the inflected verb, which itself follows the particle ne;

    Il ne mange pas. ― He's not eating.

    Ne le touchez pas. ― Don't touch him.

  • in compound verb structures it is placed between the inflected auxiliary and the participle.

    Il n'a pas mangé. ― He didn't eat.

  • When negating an infinitive verb, pas normally follows ne and precedes that verb in the construction ne pas + infinitive (though the sequence ne + infinitive + pas was common in the Classical French of the 17th and 18th centuries).

    Il a reçu une leçon à ne pas oublier. ― He received a lesson not to be forgotten.

  • pas can be placed before an adverb that modifies all or part of a verbal syntagma, but it directly follows an adverb that modifies the whole sentence.

    Je n'ai pas vraiment compris. ― I didn't truly understand.

    Il n'est probablement pas arrivé. ― He probably hasn't arrived.

  • Certain adverbs (e.g. même) can be used before or after pas without affecting the meaning of the phrase. With other adverbs (e.g. toujours), there may be considerable difference in meaning depending on whether pas comes before or after.

    pas toujours ― not always

    toujours pas ― still not

Synonyms

All archaic, poetic or dialectal:

• goutte
• mie
• point

Derived terms

• avec pas de
• je ne comprends pas
• même pas
• pas de
• pas de problème
• pas de quoi
• pas de souci
• pas du tout
• pas encore
• pas pour un sou
• pourquoi pas

Related terms

• passage
• passer

Descendants

• Guianese Creole: pa
• Haitian Creole: pa
• Mauritian Creole: pa

Friulian

Etymology

From Latin passus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpas/

Noun

pas m (plural pass)

1. step, footstep
2. pace

Related terms

• passâ

Indonesian

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈpas/ [ˈpas]
• Rhymes: -as
• Syllabification: pas
• Homophone: PAS

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Dutch passend, pas, from Middle Dutch pas, passen, from Old French pas, from Latin passus, pandere (“to spread, unfold, stretch”), from Proto-Indo-European *patno-, *pete- (“to spread, stretch out”).

• Sense of "to pass, to achieve a successful outcome from" is semantic loan from Malay pas or English pass which both are cognate of above.

Noun

pas (plural pas-pas)

1. pass, permission or license to pass, or to go and come
2. mountain pass

Derived terms

• pas badan
• pas banderol
• pas hamil
• pas naik

Related terms

• pasase
• pasfoto
• paspor

Adjective

pas (comparative lebih pas, superlative paling pas)

1. (colloquial) fit, suitable, proper

Derived terms

• mengepas
• mengepaskan
• pas-pasan

Related terms

• kamar pas
• waterpas

Verb

pas

1. (uncommon) to pass, to achieve a successful outcome from

   Synonym: lulus

Etymology 2

Possibly borrowed and adapted from Dutch pas, a deverbal from passen, from Middle Dutch passen, from pas, from Old French pas, from Latin passus. Therefore related to Etymology 1.

Adverb

pas (chiefly colloquial)

1. only, not until, not any sooner
   • 2022 July 16, Fitri Haryanti Harsono, “Traveling Naik Pesawat Mulai 17 Juli 2022, Bolehkah Booster Pas Hari H Berangkat?”, in Liputan 6‎^[4], archived from the original on 26 August 2025:

     Vaksinasi booster untuk perjalanan naik pesawat pas hari H keberangkatan, boleh atau tidak?

     Can booster vaccinations for plane travels be taken (precisely) on the day of the departure, or not?

2. when, at the time of
   • 2024 February 26, Nirmala Maulana Achmad, Ihsanuddin, “TKN: Kebetulan Program Bansos Pas Mau Pemilu, Kebaikan Pak Jokowi Berdampak ke Prabowo-Gibran”, in Kompas‎^[5], archived from the original on 14 April 2024:

     " […] Kebetulan saja program ini bertepatan pas mau pemilu atau pileg dan pilpres," kata Afriansyah saat dihubungi [...].

     " […] It is only coincidental that the program coincides with the time of the general elections, or as the legislative and presidential elections were starting," as Afriansyah remarked during our correspondence [...].

Conjunction

pas

1. (colloquial) when

   Synonyms: saat, ketika

Preposition

pas

1. (colloquial) during, at the time of

Usage notes

• The word is very often used in casual and colloquial exchanges. However, the adverb's etymology is unusually scarcely scrutinized despite its common occurrences in day-to-day speech.

Etymology 3

Noun

pas (plural pas-pas)

1. (archaic) alternative spelling of opas

Further reading

• “pas”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

Irish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈpˠasˠ]

Noun

pas m (genitive singular pas, nominative plural pasanna)

1. passport
2. pass
3. phase

Declension

Declension of pas (fourth declension)

bare forms singular plural nominative pas pasanna vocative a phas a phasanna genitive pas pasanna dative pas pasanna forms with the definite article singular plural nominative an pas na pasanna genitive an phas na bpasanna dative leis an bpas don phas leis na pasanna

Mutation

Mutated forms of pas

radical	lenition	eclipsis
pas	phas	bpas

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Lithuanian

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *pos, from Proto-Indo-European *pós (“afterwards, post-”). Cognate with Proto-Slavic *pozdь́nъ (“late”), Latin post (“behind, after”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈpɐs]
• Rhymes: -ɐs
• Syllabification: pàs

Preposition

pàs

1. (usually with accusative) by; with; at

   Ar tu norėtum sėdėti pas mane?

   Would you like to sit by/with me?

   Mes galime valgyti pas tave.

   We can eat at your place.

   Jis gyvena pas savo tėvus.

   He lives with his parents.

Lombard

Noun

pas

1. peace

Lower Sorbian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *pojasъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pas/

Noun

pas m inan

1. belt

Declension

Declension of pas

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	pas	pasa	pase
genitive	pasa	pasowu	pasow
dative	pasoju	pasoma	pasam
accusative	pas	pasa	pase
instrumental	pasom	pasoma	pasami
locative	pasu	pasoma	pasach

Malay

Etymology

Clipping of lepas.

Adjective

pas (comparative lebih pas, superlative paling pas)

1. (colloquial) apheretic form of lepas.

References

• Hoogervorst, Tom (2015), “Malay youth language in West Malaysia”, in NUSA‎^[6], volume 58, number 3, →DOI, archived from the original on 26 April 2025, page 29

Middle French

Etymology

From Old French pas.

Noun

pas m (plural pas)

1. pace; step

Descendants

• French: pas

Mofu-Gudur

Noun

pas

1. sun, day

Occitan

Pronunciation

• Audio (Béarn):

  (file)

Etymology 1

From Old Occitan pas, from Latin passus.

Adverb

pas

1. (after the verb) not (negates the meaning of a verb)
2. Intensifies adverbs of negation

   pas jamai ― never ever

Derived terms

• pas enquera
• pas jamai

Etymology 2

Noun

pas m

1. step, pace

Old French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpas/

Etymology 1

From Latin passus.

Noun

pas oblique singular, m (oblique plural pas, nominative singular pas, nominative plural pas)

1. pace; step
   • 13th c., uncertain (perhaps Adam de la Halle), Li Jus du pelerin:

     Segnieur, pelerins sui, si ai alé maint pas, / par viles, par castiaus, par chités, par trespas.

     Sirs, I am a pilgrim, and I have travelled a lot (literally, "I have gone steps a lot"), through towns, castles, cities, passageways.

Descendants

• → English: pace
• Middle French: pas

Etymology 2

From Latin pastus (“pasture”).

Noun

pas oblique singular, m (oblique plural pas, nominative singular pas, nominative plural pas)

1. alternative form of past
   • 13th c., uncertain (perhaps Adam de la Halle), Li Jus du pelerin:

     S'aroie bien mestier que je fusse à repas, / car n'ai mie par tout mout bien trouvé mes pas.

     It'd be great to make some arrangement so I can have a meal, because not always, not at all, have I found food wherever I've been.

See also

• repast

Palula

Etymology

From Pashto [script needed] (pas).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pas/

Postposition

pas (پس)

1. after

References

• Henrik Liljegren; Naseem Haider (2011), “pas”, in Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎^[7], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN

Papiamentu

Etymology

Etymology tree

Portuguese pazder.

Proto-Indo-European *peh₂ḱ-

Proto-Indo-European *-s

Proto-Indo-European *péh₂ḱs

Proto-Italic *pāks

Latin pācem

Old Spanish paz

Spanish pazder.

Kabuverdianu pásder.

Papiamentu pas

Derived from Portuguese paz, Spanish paz, and Kabuverdianu pás.

Noun

pas

1. peace

Polish

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₂ep

Proto-Indo-European *-o

Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó

Proto-Indo-European *h₂pó

Proto-Balto-Slavic *pa

Proto-Slavic *po

Proto-Slavic *po-

Proto-Indo-European *yeh₃s-

Proto-Balto-Slavic *yōˀs-

Proto-Slavic *jasъ

Proto-Slavic *pojasъ

Polish pas

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *pojasъ.

Alternative forms

• pás (obsolete or dialectal)

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ˈpas/

• (Greater Poland):
  • (Kuyavia) IPA^(key): [ˈpas]
• (Masovia):
  • (Near Masovian) IPA^(key): [ˈpas]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -as
• Syllabification: pas
• Homophone: Pas

Noun

pas m inan (diminutive pasek)

1. belt
2. lane (lengthwise division of roadway)
3. (heraldry) fess
4. (anatomy) waist
5. (in the plural, colloquial) crosswalk, pedestrian crossing, zebra crossing (pedestrian crossing featuring broad white stripes)

   Synonyms: przejście dla pieszych, zebra

6. (in the plural) stripes (pattern formed by parallelepiped rectangles touching at their longest side and having a different color or texture)
7. (Near Masovian) strap in a horse's harness that runs across the back
8. (Kuyavia) grain strip (binder for binding grain into sheaves)

   Hypernym: powrósło

Declension

Declension of pas

	singular	plural
nominative	pas	pasy
genitive	pasa	pasów
dative	pasowi	pasom
accusative	pas	pasy
instrumental	pasem	pasami
locative	pasie	pasach
vocative	pasie	pasy

Derived terms

adverbs

• w pasie
• za pasem

verbs

• wziąć nogi za pas pf, brać nogi za pas impf

Descendants

• → Belarusian: пас (pas)
• → Yiddish: פּאַס (pas)

Etymology 2

Borrowed from French passe.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpas/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -as
• Syllabification: pas

Noun

pas m inan

1. (card games) pass

Declension

Declension of pas

	singular	plural
nominative	pas	pasy
genitive	pasu	pasów
dative	pasowi	pasom
accusative	pas	pasy
instrumental	pasem	pasami
locative	pasie	pasach
vocative	pasie	pasy

Derived terms

verbs

• powiedzieć pas pf, mówić pas impf

Etymology 3

Unadapted borrowing from French pas.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpa/
• Rhymes: -a
• Syllabification: pas
• Homophone: pa

Noun

pas m inan (indeclinable)

1. pas, step

Further reading

• “pas”, in Wielki słownik języka polskiego‎^[8] (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• “pas”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN‎^[9] (in Polish)
• Władysław Matlakowski (1892), “pas”, in Słownik wyrazów ludowych zebranych w Czerskiem i na Kujawach (in Polish), Kraków: nakł. Akademii Umiejętności; Drukarnia Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego pod zarządem A. M. Kosterkiewicza, page 13

Portuguese

Etymology

Contraction of para +‎ as.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /pas/

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /pas/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /paʃ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /paʃ/

• Hyphenation: pas

Contraction

pas

1. (colloquial) feminine plural of po; nonstandard form of pras

Romanian

Alternative forms

• пас (pas) — post-1930s Cyrillic spelling

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pas/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -as
• Hyphenation: pas

Etymology 1

Inherited from Latin passus.

Noun

pas m (plural pași)

1. step, pace, footstep, stride
2. step (stage of a process)
3. gait

Declension

	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative-accusative	pas	pasul	pași	pașii
genitive-dative	pas	pasului	pași	pașilor
vocative	pasule		pașilor

Derived terms

• bate pasul pe loc
• în pas cu
• pas cu pas
• păși
• ține pasul

Related terms

• păsa

See also

• păs

Etymology 2

Borrowed from German Pass, French pas.

Noun

pas n (plural pasuri)

1. (now rare outside place names) mountain pass

   Synonym: trecătoare

2. (obsolete) passport

   Synonym: pașaport

Declension

	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative-accusative	pas	pasul	pasuri	pasurile
genitive-dative	pas	pasului	pasuri	pasurilor
vocative	pasule		pasurilor

Further reading

• “pas”, in DEX online—Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language) (in Romanian), 2004–2026

Scottish Gaelic

Noun

pas m (genitive singular pais, nominative plural pasaichean)

1. pass (permission)

Serbo-Croatian

Alternative forms

• pes (Kajkavian)

Etymology 1

From Proto-Slavic *pьsъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pâs/

Noun

pȁs m anim (Cyrillic spelling па̏с, relational adjective pȁsjī or psȅćī, diminutive psȉć)

1. dog

   Vȍlīm svȏg psȁ. ― I love my dog.

Usage notes

• In Split and other places on the Dalmatian Coast, the a does not get lost when the word is declined: pȁs, pàsa, pàsu, etc.

Declension

Declension of pas

	singular	plural
nominative	pȁs	psȉ
genitive	psȁ	pásā
dative	psȕ	psȉma
accusative	psȁ	psȅ
vocative	psȅ	psȉ
locative	psȕ	psȉma
instrumental	psȍm	psȉma

The accent shift is weakened: nà psu.

Etymology 2

Syncopic form of pȍjās. Compare Czech pás, Polish pas.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pâːs/

Noun

pȃs m inan (Cyrillic spelling па̑с)

1. (regional) belt, girdle
2. (regional) waist, waistline

Declension

Declension of pas

	singular	plural
nominative	pȃs	pásovi / pȁsovi
genitive	pȃsa	pásōvā / pȁsōvā
dative	pȃsu	pásovima / pȁsovima
accusative	pȃs	pásove / pȁsove
vocative	pȃse	pásovi / pȁsovi
locative	pásu	pásovima / pȁsovima
instrumental	pȃsom	pásovima / pȁsovima

Derived terms

• opàsati

Related terms

• pȍjās
• opàsāč

Etymology 3

Borrowed from English pass or French passe.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pâːs/

Noun

pȃs m inan (Cyrillic spelling па̑с)

1. (sports) pass

Declension

Declension of pas

	singular	plural
nominative	pȃs	pȃsovi
genitive	pȃsa	pȃsōvā
dative	pȃsu	pȃsovima
accusative	pȃs	pȃsove
vocative	pȃse	pȃsovi
locative	pȃsu	pȃsovima
instrumental	pȃsom	pȃsovima

Slovak

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pas/, [ˈpas]
• Rhymes: -as

Noun

pas m inan (relational adjective pasový)

1. passport

Declension

Declension of pas
(pattern dub)

	singular	plural
nominative	pas	pasy
genitive	pasu	pasov
dative	pasu	pasom
accusative	pas	pasy
locative	pase	pasoch
instrumental	pasom	pasmi

Further reading

• “pas”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2026

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpas/ [ˈpas]
• Rhymes: -as
• Syllabification: pas

Noun

pas m pl

1. plural of pa

Tok Pisin

Etymology

From English pouch.

Noun

pas

1. pouch

Derived terms

• skin pas (“envelope”)

Adjective

pas

1. closed; shut; sealed
   • 1989, Buk Baibel long Tok Pisin, Port Moresby: Bible Society of Papua New Guinea, Jenesis 2:24:

     Olsem na dispela pasin i kamap. Man i save lusim papamama na i pas wantaim meri bilong en, na tupela i kamap wanpela bodi tasol.

     →New International Version translation

Derived terms

• ai i pas
• bel i pas
• pas maus

Related terms

• pasim

Turkish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpas/, [ˈpɑs]
• Hyphenation: pas

Etymology 1

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish پاس (pas, “rust”), ultimately from Proto-Turkic *bas (“residue”).

Noun

pas (definite accusative pası, plural paslar)

1. rust (oxidation of metal)

Declension

Declension of pas

singular plural nominative pas paslar definite accusative pası pasları dative pasa paslara locative pasta paslarda ablative pastan paslardan genitive pasın pasların Possessive forms nominative singular plural 1st singular pasım paslarım 2nd singular pasın pasların 3rd singular pası pasları 1st plural pasımız paslarımız 2nd plural pasınız paslarınız 3rd plural pasları pasları definite accusative singular plural 1st singular pasımı paslarımı 2nd singular pasını paslarını 3rd singular pasını paslarını 1st plural pasımızı paslarımızı 2nd plural pasınızı paslarınızı 3rd plural paslarını paslarını dative singular plural 1st singular pasıma paslarıma 2nd singular pasına paslarına 3rd singular pasına paslarına 1st plural pasımıza paslarımıza 2nd plural pasınıza paslarınıza 3rd plural paslarına paslarına locative singular plural 1st singular pasımda paslarımda 2nd singular pasında paslarında 3rd singular pasında paslarında 1st plural pasımızda paslarımızda 2nd plural pasınızda paslarınızda 3rd plural paslarında paslarında ablative singular plural 1st singular pasımdan paslarımdan 2nd singular pasından paslarından 3rd singular pasından paslarından 1st plural pasımızdan paslarımızdan 2nd plural pasınızdan paslarınızdan 3rd plural paslarından paslarından genitive singular plural 1st singular pasımın paslarımın 2nd singular pasının paslarının 3rd singular pasının paslarının 1st plural pasımızın paslarımızın 2nd plural pasınızın paslarınızın 3rd plural paslarının paslarının Predicative forms singular plural 1st singular pasım paslarım 2nd singular passın paslarsın 3rd singular pas pastır paslar paslardır 1st plural pasız paslarız 2nd plural passınız paslarsınız 3rd plural paslar paslardır

Derived terms

• akpas
• antipas
• bakır pası
• bodur pas
• buğday pası
• demir pası
• kir pas
• pas açmak
• pas bağlamak
• pas giderici
• pas mantarı
• pas önleyici
• pas rengi
• pas tutmak
• paslanmak
• paslatmak
• paslı

Further reading

• “pas”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
• Ayverdi, İlhan (2010), “pas”, in Misalli Büyük Türkçe Sözlük, a reviewed and expanded single-volume edition, Istanbul: Kubbealtı Neşriyatı
• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007), “pas1”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 3787
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “pas1”, in Nişanyan Sözlük

Etymology 2

Borrowed from English pass or from French passe.

Noun

pas (definite accusative pası, plural paslar)

1. (sports) pass (The act of moving the ball or puck from one player to another.)

Derived terms

• ara pası
• duvar pası
• pas almak
• pas atmak
• pas etmek
• pas geçirmek
• pas geçmek
• pas vermek
• pas vermemek
• paslamak
• paslaşmak
• sektirme pas
• tek pas

Related terms

• pasör

Interjection

pas

1. (card games) A phrase indicating that the player is declining to play their turn; I pass

Further reading

• “pas”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
• Ayverdi, İlhan (2010), “pas”, in Misalli Büyük Türkçe Sözlük, a reviewed and expanded single-volume edition, Istanbul: Kubbealtı Neşriyatı
• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007), “pas2”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 3787
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “pas2”, in Nişanyan Sözlük

Volapük

Etymology

Apparently introduced by Arie de Jong in Volapük Nulik. If so, probably borrowed from Dutch pas.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pas/

Adverb

pas

1. only recently, just now
   • 1931, Arie de Jong, Gramat Volapüka, § 256:

     Binos pas düp degtelid; labobs nog timi saidik.

     It is only twelve o'clock; we still have plenty of time.

Welsh

Etymology 1

From Proto-Brythonic *pas. In turn from Proto-Celtic *kʷast- and Proto-Indo-European *kʷeh₂s- (“to cough”).

Alternative forms

• (obsolete) pâs

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /paːs/
• Rhymes: -aːs

Noun

pas m (uncountable)

1. cough (instance of coughing)
2. cough (illness characterised by coughing)

   Synonym: peswch

Derived terms

• pesychu (“to cough”)

Etymology 2

Borrowed from English pace.

Alternative forms

• (obsolete) pâs

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /paːs/
• Rhymes: -aːs

Noun

pas m or f (plural pasys)

1. pace, stride

   Synonyms: cam, camre, cerddediad

2. pace, speed

   Synonym: cyflymder

3. pace (unit of measurement equal to five feet)

Etymology 3

Back-formation from pasio (“to pass”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pas/
• Rhymes: -as
• Homophone: pàs (“permit, pass”)

Noun

pas m (uncountable)

1. excellence

   Synonym: rhagoriaeth

Related terms

• pàs (“pass, permit; act of passing”)

Mutation

Mutated forms of pas

radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
pas	bas	mhas	phas

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Mutation

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke, et al., editors (1950–present), “pas”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies