horreo

See also: hórreo

Latin

FWOTD – 9 July 2013

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈhɔr.re.oː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈɔr.re.o]
• Hyphenation: hor‧re‧ō

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Italic *horzēō, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰr̥s-éh₁-(ye)-ti, from *ǵʰers- (“to bristle”).

Cognate with hīrtus, eris (“hedgehog”), Welsh garw (“rough”), Sanskrit हृष्यति (hṛṣyati, “become erect or stiff or rigid; be glad”), हर्षयति (harṣayati, “to excite”), Avestan 𐬰𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬱𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬨𐬥𐬀 (zar^əšiiamna, “excited”).

Verb

horreō (present infinitive horrēre, perfect active horruī); second conjugation, no supine stem, third person-only in the passive

1. to stand erect, stand on end
2. to tremble, shiver
   • 8 CE, Ovidius, Fasti 6.19–20:

     horrueram tacitōque animum pallōre fatēbar;
     tum dea, quōs fēcit, sustulit ipsa metūs

     I had trembled, and by my speechless pallor was betraying my emotion; then the goddess – she who caused it [to happen] – removed [my] fears herself.
     (The poet, writing about the month of June, first encounters Juno (mythology).)

3. to dread, be afraid of
4. to be frightful
5. to be horrified at or of

Conjugation

   Conjugation of horreō (second conjugation, no supine stem, third person-only in the passive)

indicative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	horreō		horrēs		horret		horrēmus		horrētis		horrent
	imperfect	horrēbam		horrēbās		horrēbat		horrēbāmus		horrēbātis		horrēbant
	future	horrēbō		horrēbis		horrēbit		horrēbimus		horrēbitis		horrēbunt
	perfect	horruī		horruistī		horruit		horruimus		horruistis		horruērunt, horruēre
	pluperfect	horrueram		horruerās		horruerat		horruerāmus		horruerātis		horruerant
	future perfect	horruerō		horrueris		horruerit		horruerimus		horrueritis		horruerint
passive	present	—		—		horrētur		—		—		horrentur
	imperfect	—		—		horrēbātur		—		—		horrēbantur
	future	—		—		horrēbitur		—		—		horrēbuntur
subjunctive		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	horream		horreās		horreat		horreāmus		horreātis		horreant
	imperfect	horrērem		horrērēs		horrēret		horrērēmus		horrērētis		horrērent
	perfect	horruerim		horruerīs		horruerit		horruerīmus		horruerītis		horruerint
	pluperfect	horruissem		horruissēs		horruisset		horruissēmus		horruissētis		horruissent
passive	present	—		—		horreātur		—		—		horreantur
	imperfect	—		—		horrērētur		—		—		horrērentur
imperative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	—		horrē		—		—		horrēte		—
	future	—		horrētō		horrētō		—		horrētōte		horrentō
passive	future	—		—		horrētor		—		—		horrentor
non-finite forms		infinitive						participle
		active			passive			active			passive
present		horrēre			horrērī			horrēns			—
future		—			—			—			horrendum
perfect		horruisse			—			—			—
verbal nouns		gerund								supine
		genitive		dative		accusative		ablative		accusative		ablative
		horrendī		horrendō		horrendum		horrendō		—		—

Derived terms

• abhorreō
• exhorreō
• horrendē
• horrendum
• horrendus
• horrēns
• horrentia
• horrēscō
• horribilis
• horricomis
• horridus
• horrifer
• horrificus
• horripilō
• horrisonus
• horror
• inhorreō
• obhorreō
• perhorreō

Related terms

• horrentia
• horribilis
• horridē
• horridulus
• horridus
• horrificābilis
• horrificē
• horrificō
• horrificus
• horripilātiō
• horripilō
• horror

Descendants

• Balkano-Romance (blended with horrēscere):
  • Aromanian: urãscu, urãri
  • Romanian: urî
  • → Albanian: urrej
• Italo-Romance:
  • Italian: orrire
• Gallo-Romance:
  • Occitan: orrir

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Adjective

horreō

1. dative/ablative singular of horreum

Further reading

• “horrĕo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• horreo in Georges, Karl Ernst; Georges, Heinrich (1913–1918), Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch, 8th edition, volume 1, Hahnsche Buchhandlung, columns 3078–3079
• R. E. Latham, D. R. Howlett, & R. K. Ashdowne, editors (1975–2013), “horrere”, in Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources‎^[1], London: Oxford University Press for the British Academy, →ISBN, →OCLC
• “horrĕo”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette, page 754, column 3.
• Harm Pinkster, editor (2018), “horreō”, in Woordenboek Latijn/Nederlands‎^[2], 7th revised edition, Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, →ISBN, →OCLC
• Latino-Sinicum, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
• "HORRERE", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “horreō”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎^[3], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • his hair stands on end: capilli horrent