fyren

Middle English

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old English fȳren, from Proto-West Germanic *fuirīn; equivalent to fyr (“fire”) +‎ -en (“made of”).

Alternative forms

• ferene, ferne, firen, firene; fijren (Wycliffite)
• furen (AB language, Laȝamon's Brut); firenn (Ormulum);
• firun, fyerin, fyern (East Anglia); firend, firin (Northern)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈfiːrən/
• IPA^(key): /ˈfeːr(ə)n/ (East Anglia), /ˈfyːrən/ (West Midland)

Adjective

fyren

1. Fiery, flaming; composed of fire.
2. (rare) Stingy, painful.

References

• “fīren, adj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
• “firen, adj.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, launched 2000.

Etymology 2

The spelling of this entry has been normalized according to the principles established by Wiktionary's editor community or recent spelling standards of the language.

Inherited from Old English fȳrian, from Proto-West Germanic *fuirēn; equivalent to fyr (“fire”) +‎ -en (“infinitive suffix”).

Alternative forms

• fire, fyre

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈfiːrən/

Verb

fyren (third-person singular simple present fyreth, present participle fyrynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle fyred)

1. To burn; to set on fire:
   1. To ignite or light (a source of fire)
   2. (figuratively) To emotionally inflame or inspire.

Conjugation

Conjugation of fyren (weak in -ede)

infinitive	(to) fyren, fyre
	present tense	past tense
1st-person singular	fyre	fyred(e)
2nd-person singular	fyrest	fyredest
3rd-person singular	fyreth	fyred(e)
subjunctive singular	fyre
imperative singular		—
plural1	fyren, fyre	fyreden, fyred(e)
imperative plural	fyreth, fyre	—
participles	fyrynge, fyrende	fyred, yfyred

¹ Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.

Descendants

• English: fire
• Middle Scots: fyre
  • Scots: fire

References

• “fīren, v.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
• “fire, v.¹.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, launched 2000.

Norwegian Bokmål

Noun

fyren m

1. definite singular of fyr (etymologies 1 & 2)

Norwegian Nynorsk

Noun

fyren m

1. definite singular of fyr

Old English

Etymology 1

From Proto-West Germanic *fuirīn. By surface analysis, fȳr +‎ -en.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈfyː.ren/

Adjective

fȳren

1. fiery
   • Blickling Homilies, "The Third Sunday in Lent"

     Sē mæsseprēost sē þe biþ tō læt þæt hē þæt dēofol of menn ādrīfe, hē biþ ġeteald tō þǣre fȳrenan ēa and tō þām īrenan hōce.

     Priests who are too slow at performing exorcisms will be condemned to the lake of fire and the iron hook.

   • c. 900 CE, Alfred the Great [attributed], edited and translated by Henry Sweet, M.A., King Alfred's Orosius (Early English Text Society original series 79), London: N. Trübman & Co., published 1883, page 234:

     Án wæs þæt mon geseah swelce an fyren hring norðan cumen mid micle swege.

     One [of them] was that it looked like [lit. people saw as if] a fiery ring was coming from the north with a great noise.

   • Finnesburg Fragment

     Sweordlēoma stōd, swelċe eall Finnes burg fȳrenu wǣre.

     Swords flashed, as if Finn's entire castle was on fire.

   • Blickling Homilies, "The Dedication of St. Michael's Church"

     Þā līeġeta flugon swelċe fȳrena strǣla.

     The lightning bolts fell like flaming arrows.

Declension

Declension of fȳren — Strong

Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	fȳren	fȳrenu, fȳrnu, fȳreno, fȳrno	fȳren
Accusative	fȳrenne	fȳrene, fȳrne	fȳren
Genitive	fȳrenes, fȳrnes	fȳrenre	fȳrenes, fȳrnes
Dative	fȳrenum, fȳrnum	fȳrenre	fȳrenum, fȳrnum
Instrumental	fȳrene, fȳrne	fȳrenre	fȳrene, fȳrne
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	fȳrene, fȳrne	fȳrena, fȳrna, fȳrene, fȳrne	fȳrenu, fȳrnu, fȳreno, fȳrno
Accusative	fȳrene, fȳrne	fȳrena, fȳrna, fȳrene, fȳrne	fȳrenu, fȳrnu, fȳreno, fȳrno
Genitive	fȳrenra	fȳrenra	fȳrenra
Dative	fȳrenum, fȳrnum	fȳrenum, fȳrnum	fȳrenum, fȳrnum
Instrumental	fȳrenum, fȳrnum	fȳrenum, fȳrnum	fȳrenum, fȳrnum

Declension of fȳren — Weak

Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	fȳrena, fȳrna	fȳrene, fȳrne	fȳrene, fȳrne
Accusative	fȳrenan, fȳrnan	fȳrenan, fȳrnan	fȳrene, fȳrne
Genitive	fȳrenan, fȳrnan	fȳrenan, fȳrnan	fȳrenan, fȳrnan
Dative	fȳrenan, fȳrnan	fȳrenan, fȳrnan	fȳrenan, fȳrnan
Instrumental	fȳrenan, fȳrnan	fȳrenan, fȳrnan	fȳrenan, fȳrnan
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	fȳrenan, fȳrnan	fȳrenan, fȳrnan	fȳrenan, fȳrnan
Accusative	fȳrenan, fȳrnan	fȳrenan, fȳrnan	fȳrenan, fȳrnan
Genitive	fȳrenra, fȳrenena, fȳrnena	fȳrenra, fȳrenena, fȳrnena	fȳrenra, fȳrenena, fȳrnena
Dative	fȳrenum, fȳrnum	fȳrenum, fȳrnum	fȳrenum, fȳrnum
Instrumental	fȳrenum, fȳrnum	fȳrenum, fȳrnum	fȳrenum, fȳrnum

Descendants

• Middle English: fyren

Etymology 2

From Proto-Germanic *firinō.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈfy.ren/

Noun

fyren f

1. alternative form of firen

Declension

Strong ō-stem:

	singular	plural
nominative	fyren	fyrena, fyrene
accusative	fyrene	fyrena, fyrene
genitive	fyrene	fyrena
dative	fyrene	fyrenum

Swedish

Noun

fyren

1. definite singular of fyr