cruach

See also: crúach

Irish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kɾˠuəx/
• (Ulster) IPA^(key): /kɾˠɔx/ (in the phrase cruach fhéir (“hayrick”) /kɾˠɔxˈeːɾʲ/)

Etymology 1

From crua (“hard”) +‎ -ach.

Alternative forms

• cruaidh (Munster)
• cruaidhe (Ulster)
• cruadhach (obsolete)

Noun

cruach f (genitive singular cruach, uncountable)

1. steel (metal alloy)

Declension

Declension of cruach (fourth declension, no plural)

bare forms singular nominative cruach vocative a chruach genitive cruach dative cruach forms with the definite article singular nominative an chruach genitive na cruach dative leis an gcruach don chruach

Derived terms

• cruach charbóin (“carbon steel”)
• giotár cruach (“steel guitar”)

Further reading

• Dinneen, Patrick S. (1927), “cruaḋaċ”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla [Irish and English Dictionary], 2nd edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 273; reprinted with additions 1996, →ISBN
• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “cruach”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla [Irish–English Dictionary], Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959), “cruach”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
• “cruach”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013–2026

Etymology 2

From Middle Irish crúach, from Old Irish crúach (“stack; mountain, hill”), from Proto-Celtic *krouk- (“heap”), probably from Proto-Indo-European *krewH- (“to heap up”), shared with Proto-Germanic *hraukaz (“heap”), Lithuanian kruvà (“heap”).

Noun

cruach f (genitive singular cruaiche, nominative plural cruacha)

1. stack (of corn or hay), pile
2. (geography) hill, mountain

Declension

Declension of cruach (second declension)

bare forms singular plural nominative cruach cruacha vocative a chruach a chruacha genitive cruaiche cruach dative cruach cruaich (archaic, dialectal) cruacha forms with the definite article singular plural nominative an chruach na cruacha genitive na cruaiche na gcruach dative leis an gcruach leis an gcruaich (archaic, dialectal) don chruach don chruaich (archaic, dialectal) leis na cruacha

Descendants

• → English: croagh
• →⇒ Yola: kurkeen

Further reading

• Dinneen, Patrick S. (1927), “cruaċ”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla [Irish and English Dictionary], 2nd edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 273; reprinted with additions 1996, →ISBN
• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “cruach”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla [Irish–English Dictionary], Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959), “cruach”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
• “cruach”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013–2026

Etymology 3

From Old Irish crúachaid (“to heap, pile”), from crúach (“heap, pile”).

Verb

cruach (present analytic cruachann, future analytic cruachfaidh, verbal noun cruachadh, past participle cruachta)

1. (transitive) to stack, pile

Conjugation

Conjugation of cruach (first conjugation – A)

indicative	singular			plural			direct relative	autonomous
	first	second	third	first	second	third
present	cruachaim	cruachann tú; cruachair†	cruachann sé, sí	cruachaimid; cruachann muid	cruachann sibh	cruachann siad; cruachaid†	a chruachann; a chruachas	cruachtar
past	chruach mé; chruachas	chruach tú; chruachais	chruach sé, sí	chruachamar; chruach muid	chruach sibh; chruachabhair	chruach siad; chruachadar	a chruach	cruachadh
past habitual	chruachainn / cruachainn‡	chruachtá / cruachtá‡	chruachadh sé, sí / cruachadh sé, sí‡	chruachaimis; chruachadh muid / cruachaimis‡; cruachadh muid‡	chruachadh sibh / cruachadh sibh‡	chruachaidís; chruachadh siad / cruachaidís‡; cruachadh siad‡	a chruachadh	chruachtaí / cruachtaí‡
	singular			plural			direct relative	autonomous
	first	second	third	first	second	third
future	cruachfaidh mé; cruachfad	cruachfaidh tú; cruachfair†	cruachfaidh sé, sí	cruachfaimid; cruachfaidh muid	cruachfaidh sibh	cruachfaidh siad; cruachfaid†	a chruachfaidh; a chruachfas	cruachfar
conditional	chruachfainn / cruachfainn‡	chruachfá / cruachfá‡	chruachfadh sé, sí / cruachfadh sé, sí‡	chruachfaimis; chruachfadh muid / cruachfaimis‡; cruachfadh muid‡	chruachfadh sibh / cruachfadh sibh‡	chruachfaidís; chruachfadh siad / cruachfaidís‡; cruachfadh siad‡	a chruachfadh	chruachfaí / cruachfaí‡
subjunctive	singular			plural			direct relative	autonomous
	first	second	third	first	second	third
present	go gcruacha mé; go gcruachad†	go gcruacha tú; go gcruachair†	go gcruacha sé, sí	go gcruachaimid; go gcruacha muid	go gcruacha sibh	go gcruacha siad; go gcruachaid†	—	go gcruachtar
past	dá gcruachainn	dá gcruachtá	dá gcruachadh sé, sí	dá gcruachaimis; dá gcruachadh muid	dá gcruachadh sibh	dá gcruachaidís; dá gcruachadh siad	—	dá gcruachtaí
imperative	singular			plural			direct relative	autonomous
	first	second	third	first	second	third
—	cruachaim	cruach	cruachadh sé, sí	cruachaimis	cruachaigí; cruachaidh†	cruachaidís	—	cruachtar
past participle	cruachta
verbal noun	cruachadh

^† archaic or dialect form
^‡ dependent form

Derived terms

• is é cosaint na pingine a chruachas na puint (“take care of the pennies and the pounds will take care of themselves”)

Further reading

• Dinneen, Patrick S. (1927), “cruaċaim”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla [Irish and English Dictionary], 2nd edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 272; reprinted with additions 1996, →ISBN
• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “cruach”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla [Irish–English Dictionary], Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959), “cruach”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
• “cruach”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013–2026

Mutation

Mutated forms of cruach

radical	lenition	eclipsis
cruach	chruach	gcruach

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

References

Scottish Gaelic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kʰɾuəx/

Etymology 1

From Old Irish crúach (“stack of corn; rick; heap, conical pile; mountain, hill”), from Proto-Celtic *krouk- (“heap”).

Noun

cruach f (genitive singular cruaiche, nominative plural cruachan)

1. pile, heap, stack

Derived terms

• cho seasgair ri luchag ann an cruach (“snug as a bug in a rug”, literally “snug as a mouse in a haystack”)

Etymology 2

From Old Irish crúachaid (“to heap, pile”), from crúach (“heap, pile”).

Verb

cruach (past chruach, future cruachaidh, verbal noun cruachadh, past participle cruachte)

1. to pile or heap up
2. to make into a stack

Mutation

Mutation of cruach

radical	lenition
cruach	chruach

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.