Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-tus

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Suffix

*(é)-tus m

1. Derives action nouns from verb roots.

Inflection

Athematic, proterokinetic
	singular
nominative	*(é)-tus
genitive	*(Ø)-téws
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*(é)-tus	*(é)-tuh₁(e)	*(é)-tewes
vocative	*(é)-tew	*(é)-tuh₁(e)	*(é)-tewes
accusative	*(é)-tum	*(é)-tuh₁(e)	*(é)-tums
genitive	*(Ø)-téws	*?	*(Ø)-téwoHom
ablative	*(Ø)-téws	*?	*(Ø)-túmos, *(Ø)-túbʰos
dative	*(Ø)-téwey	*?	*(Ø)-túmos, *(Ø)-túbʰos
locative	*(Ø)-téw, *(Ø)-téwi	*?	*(Ø)-túsu
instrumental	*(Ø)-túh₁	*?	*(Ø)-túmis, *(Ø)-túbʰis

Derived terms

Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-tus

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-tweh₂

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵéwstus

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷémtus

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kéh₃tus

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pértus

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/péyh₂tu

Reconstruction:Alanic/ɣaždug

• *-tu-no- (with *-no-)
  • Proto-Hellenic: *-tunos m, ⇒ *-tunā f
    • Ancient Greek: -συνος (-sunos), -σύνη (-súnē)
• *-tew-d-h₃onh₂- (with *-h₃onh₂-)
  • Proto-Italic: *-tūdō
    • Latin: -tūdō
• *-tweh₂ (*-tu-eh₂ f)
• *-twóm (*-tu-óm n)
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *-istwa
    • Proto-Slavic: *-ьstvo n (“-ness”)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *-twám
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *-twám
      • Sanskrit: -त्व n (-tvá, “-ness”), -त्वन (-tvaná) — Vedic
        • Hindi: -पन (-pan)
        • Punjabi: -ਪ (-pa), -ਪਾ (-pā)
        • → Bengali: -ত্ব (-tto) (learned)
        • → Gujarati: -ત્વ (-tva) (learned)
        • → Hindi: -त्व (-tva) (learned)
        • → Marathi: -त्व (-tva) (learned)
        • → Odia: -ତ୍ଵ (-tva) (learned)
        • → Punjabi: -ੱਤ (-tta) (semi-learned)
      • Sanskrit: -त्वा (-tvā) (from instrumental *-twáH), -त्वाय (-tvā́ya), -त्वी (-tvī́) — Vedic, -इत्वा (-itvā́)

Descendants

• Proto-Balto-Slavic: *-tus
  • Latvian: -tus (largely fossilized)
  • Old Lithuanian: -tus, -tų
    • Lithuanian: -tus (largely fossilized)
  • Proto-Slavic: *-tъ (⇒ regularly extended with *-ъkъ), *-tъ (supine) (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Celtic: *-tus (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Germanic: *-þuz (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Hellenic: *-tús
  • Ancient Greek: -τύς (-tús)
• Proto-Italic: *-tus
  • Latin: -tum (the supine; exists only in accusative and ablative)
  • Latin: -tus
• Proto-Indo-Iranian:
  • Proto-Indo-Aryan:
    • Sanskrit: -तु (-tu)
    • Sanskrit: -तुम् (-tum), -तवे (-tave), -तोस् (-tos)