Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵʰwer-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*ǵʰwer-

Alternative reconstructions

*ǵʰwḗr- ~ *ǵʰwér-^[1]^[2]
*ǵʰweh₁r-^[3]^[4]^[5]

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵʰwer- (114 c, 0 e)

*ǵʰwḗr (root noun) (< **ǵʰwér-s)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *źwēˀrís (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic: *kʷʰḗr (see there for further descendants)
*ǵʰewr-ó-s (vṛddhi adjective)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  - East Baltic
    - Lithuanian: žiaurus (“cruel, ferocious”)
*ǵʰwér-os
- Proto-Italic: *feros
  - Latin: ferus (see there for further descendants)
*ǵʰwér-ō (< **ǵʰwér-on-s)
- >? Proto-Germanic: *berô (“bear”) (possibly) (see there for further descendants)
*ǵʰwer-o-h₃kʷs
- Proto-Italic: *ferōks
  - Latin: ferōx (see there for further descendants)
*ǵʰwer-iHnos
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *źwēˀrīˀnas
  - Proto-Slavic: *zvěrinъ (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *ferīnos
  - Latin: ferīnus (see there for further descendants)

Unsorted formations

Ancient Greek: θήρα (thḗra, “hunt”), θηράω (thēráō, “to hunt”), θήραμα (thḗrama, “prey, spoil, game”)
Tocharian:
- Tocharian A: śaru
- Tocharian B: śerwe (“hunter”)

References

^ Ringe, Donald (2006), From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎^[1], 1st edition, Oxford: University Press, →ISBN
^ Villanueva Svensson, Miguel (2023), The Rise of Acuteness in Balto-Slavic (Brill's Studies in Indo-European Languages & Linguistics), volume 27, Brill, page 171
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
^ Derksen, Rick (2008), Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “θήρ”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 547

[1] Ringe, Donald (2006), From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎^[1], 1st edition, Oxford: University Press, →ISBN

[2] Villanueva Svensson, Miguel (2023), The Rise of Acuteness in Balto-Slavic (Brill's Studies in Indo-European Languages & Linguistics), volume 27, Brill, page 171

[3] De Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

[4] Derksen, Rick (2008), Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN

[5] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “θήρ”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 547

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[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

Proto-Indo-European

Root

Alternative reconstructions

Derived terms

Further reading

References