-od

See also: Appendix:Variations of "od"

English

Etymology

Etymology tree

Pre-Greekder.?

Ancient Greek σποδός (spodós)

Proto-Indo-European *sel-der.

Proto-Italic *solom

Latin solumlbor.

English soilinflu.

English -sol

English (sp)od(osol)clip.

English -od

From (sp)od(osol).

Suffix

-od

1. (soil science) Forms names of subtypes of spodosol in the USDA Soil Taxonomy.

Derived terms

English terms suffixed with -od

solodic

Coordinate terms

• -alf
• -and
• -el
• -ent
• -ept
• -ert
• -id
• -ist
• -oll
• -ox
• -ult

Hungarian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [od]
• Rhymes: -od

Etymology 1

From -o- (linking vowel) +‎ -d (possessive suffix).

Suffix

-od

2. (possessive suffix) your (second-person singular informal, single possession)

   ‎kor (“age”) + ‎-od → ‎korod (“your age”)

Usage notes

• (possessive suffix) Variants:

  -d is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.

  -ad is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant

  -od is added to the other back-vowel words ending in a consonant

  -ed is added to unrounded (and some rounded) front-vowel words ending in a consonant

  -öd is added to most rounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant

Etymology 2

From -o- (linking vowel) +‎ -d (personal suffix).

Suffix

-od

2. (personal suffix) Forms the definite second-person singular indicative present of verbs.

   ‎olvas (“to read”) + ‎-od → ‎olvasod (“you read something, you are reading something”)

Usage notes

• (personal suffix) See harmonic variants in the table below.

    Present tense definite – personal endings

Person		Back vowel	Front vowel
			unrounded	rounded
én	1st person singular	-om	-em	-öm
te	2nd person singular	-od	-ed	-öd
ő maga ön	3rd person singular or formal 2nd person singular	-ja	-i
mi	1st person plural	-juk	-jük
ti	2nd person plural	-játok	-itek
ők maguk önök	3rd person plural or formal 2nd person plural	-ják	-ik
See also: present-tense indefinite-object suffixes and second-person-object suffixes for informal addressing.

Etymology 3

Suffix

-od

2. (fraction-forming suffix) Added to a cardinal number to form a fraction. Variants: -d, -ad, -ed, -öd.

   ‎hat (“six”) + ‎-od → ‎hatod (“[one] sixth”)

Derived terms

Hungarian fractional numbers suffixed with -od

hatod

milliomod

See also

• Category:Hungarian noun forms
• Appendix:Hungarian possessive suffixes

Latin

Suffix

-ōd

1. ablative singular of -os (Archaic Latin second-declension ending)

   ‎fīleos + ‎-ōd → ‎fīleōd

   ‎iovestos + ‎-ōd → ‎iovestōd

Old English

Alternative forms

• -ad, -ed, -ud

Etymology

From a merger of Proto-Germanic *-ōdaz (adjective suffix) (from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂tos) and Proto-Germanic *-ōdaz (class II weak past participle).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /od/

Suffix

-od (participle inflectional suffix)

1. -ed; forms the past participle of class II weak verbs

   ‎lufian (“to love”) + ‎-od → ‎lufod (“loved”)

   ‎ġeānian (“to unite”) + ‎-od → ‎ġeānod (“united”)

Suffix

-od (adjective-forming suffix)

1. -ed; forms adjectives from nouns and class II weak past participles, indicating the possession of a thing or a quality

   ‎hēafod (“head”) + ‎-od → ‎ġehēafdod (“headed; having a head”)

Declension

Declension of -od — Strong

Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	-od	-odu, -odo	-od
Accusative	-odne	-ode	-od
Genitive	-odes	-odre	-odes
Dative	-odum	-odre	-odum
Instrumental	-ode	-odre	-ode
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	-ode	-oda, -ode	-odu, -odo
Accusative	-ode	-oda, -ode	-odu, -odo
Genitive	-odra	-odra	-odra
Dative	-odum	-odum	-odum
Instrumental	-odum	-odum	-odum

Declension of -od — Weak

Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	-oda	-ode	-ode
Accusative	-odan	-odan	-ode
Genitive	-odan	-odan	-odan
Dative	-odan	-odan	-odan
Instrumental	-odan	-odan	-odan
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	-odan	-odan	-odan
Accusative	-odan	-odan	-odan
Genitive	-odra, -odena	-odra, -odena	-odra, -odena
Dative	-odum	-odum	-odum
Instrumental	-odum	-odum	-odum

Derived terms

Old English terms suffixed with -od

gebilod

gehofod

See also

Conjugation of -ian (weak, class 2)

infinitive	-ian	-ienne
indicative mood	present tense	past tense
first person singular	-iġe	-ode
second person singular	-ast	-odest
third person singular	-aþ	-ode
plural	-iaþ	-odon
subjunctive	present tense	past tense
singular	-iġe	-ode
plural	-iġen	-oden
imperative
singular	-a
plural	-iaþ
participle	present	past
	-iende	-od

Volapük

Suffix

-od

1. Used to indicate a softer or less serious example

Derived terms

Volapük terms suffixed with -od

ferod

gitod

Welsh

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɔd/

Etymology 1

Suffix

-od (noun inflectional suffix)

1. marks the plural of nouns; -s

   Synonyms: -aid, -aint, -au, -ed, -edd, -en, -i, -iadau, -iaid, -iau, -ion, -oedd, -on, -ydd, -yr, -ys

   ‎buwch (“cow”) + ‎-od → ‎buchod (“cows”)

   ‎cath (“cat”) + ‎-od → ‎cathod (“cats”)

   ‎eliffant (“elephant”) + ‎-od → ‎eliffantod (“elephants”)

   ‎menyw (“woman”) + ‎-od → ‎menywod (“women”)

   ‎Gwyddel (“Irish man”) + ‎-od → ‎Gwyddelod (“Irish people”)

Usage notes

This suffix is used in forming the plural of many animals.

Etymology 2

Suffix

-od m or f (noun-forming suffix, plural -odau or -odiau or -odion)

1. blow, stroke

   ‎dwrn (“fist”) + ‎-od → ‎dyrnod (“punch, thump”)

   ‎cleddyf (“sword”) + ‎-od → ‎cleddyfod (“sword stroke, gash”)

   ‎ffon (“stick”) + ‎-od → ‎ffonnod (“stroke with a stick, stripe”)

Usage notes

Unusually, this suffix has no fixed gender but instead takes on the gender of the root word it modifies.

Etymology 3

Alternative forms

• -awd

Suffix

-od m or f (noun-forming suffix, plural -odau)

1. forms abstract nouns from adjectives and verbs

   ‎rhyfedd (“strange, wondrous”) + ‎-od → ‎rhyfeddod (“wonder”)

   ‎addef (“to confess”) + ‎-od → ‎addefod (“confession, acknowledgment”)

Derived terms

Welsh terms suffixed with -od

arfod

bychod

cleddyfod

dyrnod

esgusod