𒄯𒍣

Hittite

𒄯𒍣	The cuneiform font displayed by default does not accurately represent the Hittite script. The required files are provided by Hethitologie-Portal Mainz. Please download and install Hittite fonts directly at hethport.net/cuneifont/ their website.

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *h₂érk-ti ~ *h₂r̥k-énti, from *h₂erk- (“to protect, guard”). It is not entirely clear why this verb shows forms without the orthographic -k-, whereas 𒄯𒀝𒍣 (ḫar-ak-zi /⁠ḫarkzi⁠/, “to get lost”) consistently preserves the -k-. To explain this phenomenon, Kloekhorst argues that in *RkC clusters, the lenis -k- was dropped, whereas fortis -g- was preserved. The usage of the term as an auxiliary verb in constructions with neuter participles may have developed from earlier constructions with the participles of transitive verbs, where the term would have meant "to hold something ...-ed."

Verb

𒄯𒍣 • (ḫar-zi /ḫarzi/)

1. to hold, have, keep
2. (auxiliary, with neuter participles) periphrastic perfect, equivalent to English "to have ...-ed"

Conjugation

Broad transcription
First conjugation
Nominal forms
Infinitive	ḫaranna
	χərkánna
Participle	ḫaranz
	χərkánt͡s
Noun	ḫarātar
	χərkáːdr̩
Supine	ḫaruan
	χárwn̩
Active	Present	Aorist	Imperative
1.sg	ḫarmi	ḫarun	ḫarallu
	χármi	χárɔn	χərkallu
2.sg	ḫarši	ḫart	ḫar
	χársi	χárt	χár
3.sg	ḫarzi	ḫart	ḫardu
	χárt͡si	χárt	χártu
1.pl	ḫarueni	ḫaruen	ḫarueni
	χərkwɛ́ni	χárwɛn	χərkwɛ́ni
2.pl	ḫarteni	ḫarten	ḫarten
	χərktɛ́ni	χártɛn	χártɛn
3.pl	ḫaranzi	ḫarer	ḫarandu
	χərkánt͡si	χárɛr	χərkántu
Middle	Present	Aorist	Imperative
1.sg	ḫarḫari	ḫarḫat	ḫaraḫḫaru
	χərkχári	χərkχád	χərkχáru
2.sg	ḫartari	ḫartat	ḫarḫut
	χərktári	χərktád	χərkχɔ́d
3.sg	ḫarari, ḫartari	ḫartat	ḫararu, ḫartaru
	χərkári, χərktári	χərktád	χərkáru, χərktáru
1.pl	ḫaruašta	ḫaruaštat	ḫaruaštat
	χərkwásta	χərkwástad	χərkwástad
2.pl	ḫarduma	ḫardumat	ḫartumat
	χərktumá	χərktumád	χərktumád
3.pl	ḫarantari	ḫarantat	ḫarantaru
	χərkántari	χərkántad	χərkántaru

Cuneiform script
First conjugation
Nominal forms
Infinitive	𒄯𒉿𒀭𒈾
	ḫar-wa-an-na
Participle	𒄯𒉿𒀭𒍝
	ḫar-wa-an-za
Noun	𒄯𒉿𒀜𒅈
	ḫar-wa-at-ar
Supine	𒄯𒆪𒉿𒀭
	ḫar-ku-wa-an
Active	Present	Aorist	Imperative
1.sg	𒄯𒈪	𒄯𒆪𒌦	𒄯𒉿𒀠𒇻
	ḫar-mi	ḫar-ku-un	ḫar-wa-al-lu
2.sg	𒄯𒅆	𒄯𒋫	𒄯
	ḫar-ši	ḫar-ta	ḫar
3.sg	[[𒄯𒍣]]	𒄯𒋫	𒄯𒁺
	ḫar-zi	ḫar-ta	ḫar-du
1.pl	𒄯wu𒂊𒉌	𒄯𒆪𒂗	𒄯wu𒂊𒉌
	ḫar-wu-e-ni	ḫar-ku-en	ḫar-wu-e-ni
2.pl	𒄯𒋼𒉌	𒄯𒋼𒂗	𒄯𒋼𒂗
	ḫar-te-ni	ḫar-te-en	ḫar-te-en
3.pl	𒄯𒉿𒀭𒍣	𒄯𒆠𒅕	𒄯𒉿𒀭𒁺
	ḫar-wa-an-zi	ḫar-ke-er	ḫar-wa-an-du
Middle	Present	Aorist	Imperative
1.sg	𒄯𒄩𒊑	𒄯𒄩𒀜	𒄯𒄩𒊒
	ḫar-ḫa-ri	ḫar-ḫa-at	ḫar-ḫa-ru
2.sg	𒄯𒋫𒊑	𒄯𒋫𒀜	𒄯𒄷𒌓
	ḫar-ta-ri	ḫar-ta-at	ḫar-ḫu-ut
3.sg	𒄯𒉿𒊑, 𒄯𒋫𒊑	𒄯𒋫𒀜	𒄯𒉿𒊒, 𒄯𒋫𒊒
	ḫar-wa-ri, ḫar-ta-ri	ḫar-ta-at	ḫar-wa-ru, ḫar-ta-ru
1.pl	𒄯wu𒉿𒀸𒋫	𒄯wu𒉿𒀸𒋫𒀜	𒄯wu𒉿𒀸𒋫𒀜
	ḫar-wu-wa-aš-ta	ḫar-wu-wa-aš-ta-at	ḫar-wu-wa-aš-ta-at
2.pl	𒄯𒁺𒈠	𒄯𒁺𒈠𒀜	𒄯𒌅𒈠𒀜
	ḫar-du-ma	ḫar-du-ma-at	ḫar-tu-ma-at
3.pl	𒄯𒉿𒀭𒋫𒊑	𒄯𒉿𒀭𒋫𒀜	𒀀𒀭𒋫𒊒
	ḫar-wa-an-ta-ri	ḫar-wa-an-ta-at	ḫar-wa-an-ta-ru

Derived terms

• 𒄯𒉿𒀭𒍝 (ḫar-wa-an-za /⁠ḫarwanza⁠/, “caretaker, nurse, keeper”)