自由自在

Chinese

		free; unconstrained; freelance	casually; without a care in the world; free casually; without a care in the world; free; unrestrained; comfortable; at ease
simp. and trad. (自由自在)		自由	自在
alternative forms		自繇自在

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zìyóuzìzài

(Zhuyin): ㄗˋ ㄧㄡˊ ㄗˋ ㄗㄞˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zi⁶ jau⁴ zi⁶ zoi⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhṳ-yù-chhṳ-chhai
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chū-iû-chū-chāi / chīr-iû-chīr-chāi

(Teochew, Peng'im): ze⁶ iu⁵ ze⁶ zai⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zìyóuzìzài
  - Zhuyin: ㄗˋ ㄧㄡˊ ㄗˋ ㄗㄞˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: zìhyóuzìhzài
  - Wade–Giles: tzŭ⁴-yu²-tzŭ⁴-tsai⁴
  - Yale: dz̀-yóu-dz̀-dzài
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzyhyoutzyhtzay
  - Palladius: цзыюцзыцзай (czyjuczyczaj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɹ̩⁵¹ joʊ̯³⁵ t͡sɹ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡saɪ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zi⁶ jau⁴ zi⁶ zoi⁶
  - Yale: jih yàuh jih joih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzi⁶ jau⁴ dzi⁶ dzoi⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: ji⁶ yeo⁴ ji⁶ zoi⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siː²² jɐu̯²¹ t͡siː²² t͡sɔːi̯²²/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhṳ-yù-chhṳ-chhai
  - Hakka Romanization System: cii iu^ˇ cii cai
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ci⁴ yiu² ci⁴ cai⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɨ⁵⁵ i̯u¹¹ t͡sʰɨ⁵⁵ t͡sʰai̯⁵⁵/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhṳ-yù-chhṳ-chhai
  - Hakka Romanization System: cii (r)iu^ˇ cii cai
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ci⁴ yiu² ci⁴ cai⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɨ⁵⁵ (j)i̯u¹¹ t͡sʰɨ⁵⁵ t͡sʰai̯⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chū-iû-chū-chāi
  - Tâi-lô: tsū-iû-tsū-tsāi
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zuxiuzuxzai
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡su²²⁻²¹ iu¹³⁻²² t͡su²²⁻²¹ t͡sai²²/
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /t͡su²²⁻²¹ iu²⁴⁻²² t͡su²²⁻²¹ t͡sai²²/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡su³³⁻²¹ iu²³⁻³³ t͡su³³⁻²¹ t͡sai³³/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /t͡su³³⁻¹¹ iu²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡su³³⁻¹¹ t͡sai³³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chīr-iû-chīr-chāi
  - Tâi-lô: tsīr-iû-tsīr-tsāi
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sɯ⁴¹⁻²² iu²⁴⁻²² t͡sɯ⁴¹⁻²² t͡sai⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ze⁶ iu⁵ ze⁶ zai⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsṳ̆ iû tsṳ̆ tsăi
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɯ³⁵⁻¹¹ iu⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sɯ³⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sai³⁵/

Idiom

自由自在

free and easy; leisurely; carefree

Japanese

Kanji in this term
自	由	自	在
じ Grade: 2	ゆう Grade: 3	じ Grade: 2	ざい Grade: 5
on'yomi

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [d͡ʑijɯ̟ːʑiza̠i]
(Tokyo) じゆう・じざい [jìyúꜜùjìzáí] (Nakadaka + Heiban – [2]+[0])^[1]^[2]^[3]
(Tokyo) じゆうじざい [jìyúꜜùjìzàì] (Nakadaka – [2])^[4]^[2] incorrectly approximated because the cited dictionary's pitch accent format is noncomplex

Adjective

自(じ)由(ゆう)自(じ)在(ざい) • (jiyūjizai) ^{←じいうじざい (ziiuzizai)^?}-na (adnominal 自(じ)由(ゆう)自(じ)在(ざい)な (jiyūjizai na), adverbial 自(じ)由(ゆう)自(じ)在(ざい)に (jiyūjizai ni))

Inflection

Inflection of **自由自在**
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	自由自在だろ	じゆうじざいだろ	jiyūjizai daro
Continuative (連用形)	自由自在で	じゆうじざいで	jiyūjizai de
Terminal (終止形)	自由自在だ	じゆうじざいだ	jiyūjizai da
Attributive (連体形)	自由自在な	じゆうじざいな	jiyūjizai na
Hypothetical (仮定形)	自由自在なら	じゆうじざいなら	jiyūjizai nara
Imperative (命令形)	自由自在であれ	じゆうじざいであれ	jiyūjizai de are
Key constructions
Informal negative	自由自在ではない自由自在じゃない	じゆうじざいではないじゆうじざいじゃない	jiyūjizai de wa nai jiyūjizai ja nai
Informal past	自由自在だった	じゆうじざいだった	jiyūjizai datta
Informal negative past	自由自在ではなかった自由自在じゃなかった	じゆうじざいではなかったじゆうじざいじゃなかった	jiyūjizai de wa nakatta jiyūjizai ja nakatta
Formal	自由自在です	じゆうじざいです	jiyūjizai desu
Formal negative	自由自在ではありません自由自在じゃありません	じゆうじざいではありませんじゆうじざいじゃありません	jiyūjizai de wa arimasen jiyūjizai ja arimasen
Formal past	自由自在でした	じゆうじざいでした	jiyūjizai deshita
Formal negative past	自由自在ではありませんでした自由自在じゃありませんでした	じゆうじざいではありませんでしたじゆうじざいじゃありませんでした	jiyūjizai de wa arimasen deshita jiyūjizai ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive	自由自在で	じゆうじざいで	jiyūjizai de
Conditional	自由自在なら（ば）	じゆうじざいなら（ば）	jiyūjizai nara (ba)
Provisional	自由自在だったら	じゆうじざいだったら	jiyūjizai dattara
Volitional	自由自在だろう	じゆうじざいだろう	jiyūjizai darō
Adverbial	自由自在に	じゆうじざいに	jiyūjizai ni
Degree	自由自在さ	じゆうじざいさ	jiyūjizaisa

Noun

自(じ)由(ゆう)自(じ)在(ざい) • (jiyūjizai)

References

^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2012), 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN; released digitally in 2021 via Monokakidō with new and expanded entries^[1]
^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

“自由自在”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[2] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja in this term
自	由	自	在

Noun

自由自在 • (jayujajae) (hangeul 자유자재)

hanja form^? of 자유자재 (“free, unrestricted”)

[NHK-1] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[DJS2-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2012), 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN; released digitally in 2021 via Monokakidō with new and expanded entries^[1]

[SMK7-3] Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[DJR-4] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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