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當

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 当
當 U+7576, 當
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7576
← 畵
[U+7575] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 畷 →
[U+7577]

Translingual

[edit]
Japanese 当
Simplified 当
Traditional 當

Han character

[edit]

當 (Kangxi radical 102, 田+8, 13 strokes, Cangjie input 火月口田 (FBRW), four-corner 90606, composition ⿱𫩠田)

Derived characters

[edit]
Additional Derived Characters

References

[edit]
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 764, character 18
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21890
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1175, character 9
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2546, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+7576

Chinese

[edit]
trad. 當
simp. 当*
alternative forms 𰀶

Glyph origin

[edit]
Historical forms of the character 當
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (尚) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
當 *taːŋ, *taːŋs
襠 *taːŋ
鐺 *taːŋ, *sʰraːŋ
簹 *taːŋ
璫 *taːŋ
檔 *taːŋ, *taːŋs
儅 *taːŋ, *taːŋs
蟷 *taːŋ
擋 *taːŋʔ, *taːŋs
黨 *taːŋʔ, *tʰaːŋʔ
讜 *taːŋʔ
欓 *taːŋʔ
譡 *taːŋs
闣 *taːŋs
瓽 *taːŋs
鏜 *tʰaːŋ
闛 *tʰaːŋ, *daːŋ
鼞 *tʰaːŋ
曭 *tʰaːŋʔ
儻 *tʰaːŋʔ, *tʰaːŋs
戃 *tʰaːŋʔ
矘 *tʰaːŋʔ
爣 *tʰaːŋʔ
攩 *hl'aːŋʔ, *ɦʷlaːŋʔ, *ɦʷlaːŋs
淌 *tʰaːŋʔ
倘 *tʰaːŋʔ
躺 *tʰaːŋʔ
趟 *tʰaːŋs, *rtaːŋ, *rtaːŋs
堂 *daːŋ
坣 *daːŋ
棠 *daːŋ
糛 *daːŋ
螳 *daːŋ
隚 *daːŋ
橖 *daːŋ
掌 *tjaŋʔ
廠 *tʰjaŋʔ, *tʰjaŋs
敞 *tʰjaŋʔ
僘 *tʰjaŋʔ
氅 *tʰjaŋʔ
常 *djaŋ
嘗 *djaŋ
裳 *djaŋ
徜 *djaŋ
尚 *djaŋ, *djaŋs
甞 *djaŋ
鋿 *djaŋ
嫦 *djaŋ
償 *djaŋ, *djaŋs
賞 *hjaŋʔ
瞠 *rtʰaːŋ
撐 *rtʰaːŋ
樘 *rtʰaːŋ
橕 *rtʰaːŋ
牚 *rtʰaːŋs
埫 *tʰoŋʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *taːŋ, *taːŋs): phonetic 尚 (OC *djaŋ, *djaŋs) + semantic 田 (“field”) – fields facing each other.

Etymology 1

[edit]

當 (OC *taːŋs, “right; suitable; ought to”) (pronunciation 2) is the exopassive derivation of 當 (OC *taːŋ, “to have the value of; to be equal of; to face; vis-à-vis”) (pronunciation 1), literally "what is being matched".

黨 (OC *taːŋʔ, “class; party”) is the endoactive derivation of 當 (OC *taːŋ, “to be equal of”), literally "that which is equal in rank" (Schuessler, 2007).

Perhaps cognate with Tibetan དང (dang, “(together) with; and”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation 1

[edit]
    Note:
    • tng - vernacular (“to face; to undertake (Mainland China); just at the time of (Xiamen, Taiwan, Quanzhou)”);
    • tang - vernacular;
    • tong - literary (“just at the time of (Zhangzhou)”).
    Note:
    • do1 - vernacular;
    • dang1 - literary.
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 當
    Mandarin Beijing /tɑŋ⁵⁵/
    Harbin /taŋ⁴⁴/
    Tianjin /tɑŋ²¹/ ～時
    Jinan /taŋ²¹³/
    Qingdao /taŋ²¹³/
    Zhengzhou /taŋ²⁴/
    Xi'an /taŋ²¹/
    Xining /tɔ̃⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /tɑŋ⁴⁴/
    Lanzhou /tɑ̃³¹/
    Ürümqi /tɑŋ⁴⁴/
    Wuhan /taŋ⁵⁵/
    Chengdu /taŋ⁵⁵/
    Guiyang /taŋ⁵⁵/
    Kunming /tã̠⁴⁴/
    Nanjing /taŋ³¹/
    Hefei /tɑ̃²¹/
    Jin Taiyuan /tɒ̃¹¹/
    Pingyao /tɑŋ¹³/
    /tuə¹³/
    Hohhot /tɑ̃³¹/
    Wu Shanghai /tɑ̃⁵³/
    Suzhou /tɑ̃⁵⁵/
    Hangzhou /tɑŋ³³/
    Wenzhou /tuɔ³³/
    Hui Shexian /ta³¹/
    Tunxi /tau¹¹/ 該～
    Xiang Changsha /tan³³/
    Xiangtan /tɔn⁵⁵/
    Gan Nanchang /tɔŋ⁴²/
    Hakka Meixian /toŋ⁴⁴/
    Taoyuan /toŋ²⁴/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /tɔŋ⁵³/
    Nanning /tɔŋ⁵⁵/
    Hong Kong /tɔŋ⁵⁵/
    Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /tɔŋ⁵⁵/
    /tŋ̍⁵⁵/
    Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /touŋ⁴⁴/
    Jian'ou (Northern Min) /tɔŋ⁵⁴/ 動
    Shantou (Teochew) /taŋ³³/
    /tɯŋ³³/
    Haikou (Hainanese) /ʔdaŋ²³/
    /ʔdo²³/
    Rime
    Character 當
    Reading # 1/2
    Initial (聲) 端 (5)
    Final (韻) 唐 (101)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) I
    Fanqie 都郎切
    Baxter tang
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/tɑŋ/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/tɑŋ/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/tɑŋ/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/taŋ/
    Li
    Rong         		/tɑŋ/
    Wang
    Li         		/tɑŋ/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren         		/tɑŋ/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		dāng
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		dong1
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 當
    Reading # 1/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		dāng
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ tang ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*tˁaŋ/
    English match (v.); have the value of, rank with

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 當
    Reading # 1/2
    No. 11104
    Phonetic
    component         		尚
    Rime
    group         		陽
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		當
    Old
    Chinese         		/*taːŋ/
    Definitions
    [edit]

    當

    1. to face; to turn towards
      當面／当面  ―  dāngmiàn  ―  face-to-face
      當著眾人的面訓斥孩子 [MSC, trad.]
      当着众人的面训斥孩子 [MSC, simp.]
      dāng zhe zhòngrén de miàn xùnchì háizi [Pinyin]
      to scold one's child in front of everyone
    2. to bear; to withstand; to resist
      不敢當／不敢当  ―  bùgǎn dāng  ―  I really don't deserve this.
      當之無愧／当之无愧  ―  dāngzhīwúkuì  ―  to merit the reward; to be deserving
    3. to undertake; to manage; to take charge of
      當權／当权  ―  dāngquán  ―  to hold power
    4. to work as; to serve as
      讓我來當你的助手吧。 [MSC, trad.]
      让我来当你的助手吧。 [MSC, simp.]
      Ràng wǒ lái dāng nǐ de zhùshǒu ba. [Pinyin]
      Let me be your assistant.
    5. to match equally; to equal; to be equal to
      門當戶對／门当户对  ―  méndānghùduì  ―  to be well-matched in terms of socio-economic status (for purposes of marriage)
    6. just at the time of; just happen (to be at a certain moment)
      當天／当天  ―  dāngtiān  ―  that day
      當我五歲時，我的母親突然得病身亡。 [MSC, trad.]
      当我五岁时，我的母亲突然得病身亡。 [MSC, simp.]
      Dāng wǒ wǔ suì shí, wǒ de mǔqīn tūrán débìng shēnwáng. [Pinyin]
      When I was five, my mother suddenly fell ill and died.
    7. just at (a place); at or in the very same
      當場／当场  ―  dāngchǎng  ―  on the spot
    8. to meet; to happen to
    9. (literary) still; to be
    10. to regard something/someone as; to think; to treat something/someone as
    11. (literary) to make a judgement; to sentence
    12. ought; should
    13. gap; space; break
    14. a surname
    Synonyms
    [edit]
    • (still): 尚 (shàng), 還／还 (huán)
    • (ought to):
    Descendants
    [edit]
    • → Vietnamese: đang (present tense marker)
    Compounds
    [edit]

    Pronunciation 2

    [edit]
      Note:
      • tǹg - vernacular (“to pawn; to regard as (Mainland China)”);
      • tàng - vernacular (“to regard as (Zhangzhou)”);
      • tòng - literary (“to regard as (Quanzhou, Xiamen)”).
      Note:
      • deng3 - vernacular;
      • dang3 - literary.
        • (Leizhou)
          • Leizhou Pinyin: do3 / dang3
          • Sinological IPA: /tɔ²¹/, /taŋ²¹/
      Note:
      • do3 - vernacular;
      • dang3 - literary.
      • Dialectal data
      Variety Location 當
      Mandarin Beijing /tɑŋ⁵¹/
      Harbin
      Tianjin /tɑŋ⁵³/ 上～
      Jinan
      Qingdao
      Zhengzhou
      Xi'an
      Xining
      Yinchuan
      Lanzhou
      Ürümqi
      Wuhan
      Chengdu
      Guiyang
      Kunming
      Nanjing
      Hefei
      Jin Taiyuan
      Pingyao
      Hohhot
      Wu Shanghai
      Suzhou
      Hangzhou
      Wenzhou
      Hui Shexian
      Tunxi /tau⁴²/ ～鋪
      Xiang Changsha
      Xiangtan
      Gan Nanchang
      Hakka Meixian
      Taoyuan
      Cantonese Guangzhou
      Nanning
      Hong Kong
      Min Xiamen (Hokkien)
      Fuzhou (Eastern Min)
      Jian'ou (Northern Min) /tɔŋ³³/ 上～
      Shantou (Teochew)
      Haikou (Hainanese)
      Rime
      Character 當
      Reading # 2/2
      Initial (聲) 端 (5)
      Final (韻) 唐 (101)
      Tone (調) Departing (H)
      Openness (開合) Open
      Division (等) I
      Fanqie 丁浪切
      Baxter tangH
      Reconstructions
      Zhengzhang
      Shangfang             		/tɑŋH/
      Pan
      Wuyun             		/tɑŋH/
      Shao
      Rongfen             		/tɑŋH/
      Edwin
      Pulleyblank             		/taŋH/
      Li
      Rong             		/tɑŋH/
      Wang
      Li             		/tɑŋH/
      Bernhard
      Karlgren             		/tɑŋH/
      Expected
      Mandarin
      Reflex             		dàng
      Expected
      Cantonese
      Reflex             		dong3
      Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
      Character 當
      Reading # 2/2
      Modern
      Beijing
      (Pinyin)             		dàng
      Middle
      Chinese             		‹ tangH ›
      Old
      Chinese             		/*tˁaŋ-s/
      English suitable

      Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

      * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
      * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
      * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
      * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

      * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
      Zhengzhang system (2003)
      Character 當
      Reading # 2/2
      No. 11122
      Phonetic
      component             		尚
      Rime
      group             		陽
      Rime
      subdivision             		0
      Corresponding
      MC rime             		譡
      Old
      Chinese             		/*taːŋs/
      Definitions
      [edit]

      當

      1. to match; to be equal to
      2. (obsolete) to lead; to manage
      3. proper; suitable; adequate; fitting; appropriate
        恰當／恰当  ―  qiàdāng  ―  appropriate
      4. to regard as; to consider as; to treat as
        把寵物當自己的孩子養 [MSC, trad.]
        把宠物当自己的孩子养 [MSC, simp.]
        bǎ chǒngwù dàng zìjǐ de háizi yǎng [Pinyin]
        to raise one's pets like one's children
        你從不把我當自己人。 [MSC, trad.]
        你从不把我当自己人。 [MSC, simp.]
        Nǐ cóngbù bǎ wǒ dàng zìjǐrén. [Pinyin]
        You never treat me like one of your own.
      5. to think
        你真當我不知道麼？ [MSC, trad.]
        你真当我不知道么？ [MSC, simp.]
        Nǐ zhēn dàng wǒ bù zhīdào me? [Pinyin]
        You really think I don't know?
      6. to pawn; to put in pawn
        當了手錶／当了手表  ―  dàng le shǒubiǎo  ―  to have pawned a watch
      7. pawn; something pawned
      8. pawnshop (often used in names of pawnshops)
      9. trick; fraud; deception
        上當／上当  ―  shàngdāng  ―  to be taken in
      10. (Taiwan, slang, of teachers or professors) to fail someone
      Descendants
      [edit]
      Compounds
      [edit]

      Etymology 2

      [edit]

      擋 (OC *taːŋʔ, *taːŋs, “to block; to obstruct”) is a derivative and was originally also written as 當 (Wang, 1982).

      Pronunciation

      [edit]

      Definitions

      [edit]

      當

      1. alternative form of 擋 / 挡 (“to block; to obstruct”)
        螳臂當車／螳臂当车  ―  tángbìdāngchē  ―  to overrate oneself and try to hold back an overwhelming force

      Compounds

      [edit]

      Etymology 3

      [edit]

      Pronunciation

      [edit]
      Rime
      Character 當
      Reading # 2/2
      Initial (聲) 端 (5)
      Final (韻) 唐 (101)
      Tone (調) Departing (H)
      Openness (開合) Open
      Division (等) I
      Fanqie 丁浪切
      Baxter tangH
      Reconstructions
      Zhengzhang
      Shangfang             		/tɑŋH/
      Pan
      Wuyun             		/tɑŋH/
      Shao
      Rongfen             		/tɑŋH/
      Edwin
      Pulleyblank             		/taŋH/
      Li
      Rong             		/tɑŋH/
      Wang
      Li             		/tɑŋH/
      Bernhard
      Karlgren             		/tɑŋH/
      Expected
      Mandarin
      Reflex             		dàng
      Expected
      Cantonese
      Reflex             		dong3
      Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
      Character 當
      Reading # 2/2
      Modern
      Beijing
      (Pinyin)             		dàng
      Middle
      Chinese             		‹ tangH ›
      Old
      Chinese             		/*tˁaŋ-s/
      English suitable

      Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

      * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
      * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
      * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
      * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

      * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
      Zhengzhang system (2003)
      Character 當
      Reading # 2/2
      No. 11122
      Phonetic
      component             		尚
      Rime
      group             		陽
      Rime
      subdivision             		0
      Corresponding
      MC rime             		譡
      Old
      Chinese             		/*taːŋs/

      Definitions

      [edit]

      當

      1. the same (day etc.)
        當天／当天  ―  dàngtiān  ―  that very day

      Etymology 4

      [edit]

      Pronunciation

      [edit]
      Rime
      Character 當
      Reading # 2/2
      Initial (聲) 端 (5)
      Final (韻) 唐 (101)
      Tone (調) Departing (H)
      Openness (開合) Open
      Division (等) I
      Fanqie 丁浪切
      Baxter tangH
      Reconstructions
      Zhengzhang
      Shangfang             		/tɑŋH/
      Pan
      Wuyun             		/tɑŋH/
      Shao
      Rongfen             		/tɑŋH/
      Edwin
      Pulleyblank             		/taŋH/
      Li
      Rong             		/tɑŋH/
      Wang
      Li             		/tɑŋH/
      Bernhard
      Karlgren             		/tɑŋH/
      Expected
      Mandarin
      Reflex             		dàng
      Expected
      Cantonese
      Reflex             		dong3
      Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
      Character 當
      Reading # 2/2
      Modern
      Beijing
      (Pinyin)             		dàng
      Middle
      Chinese             		‹ tangH ›
      Old
      Chinese             		/*tˁaŋ-s/
      English suitable

      Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

      * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
      * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
      * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
      * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

      * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
      Zhengzhang system (2003)
      Character 當
      Reading # 2/2
      No. 11122
      Phonetic
      component             		尚
      Rime
      group             		陽
      Rime
      subdivision             		0
      Corresponding
      MC rime             		譡
      Old
      Chinese             		/*taːŋs/

      Definitions

      [edit]

      當

      1. to take sides

      Etymology 5

      [edit]

      Pronunciation

      [edit]

      Definitions

      [edit]

      當

      1. alternative form of 噹 / 当 (“clang; clank; ding-dong”)

      Etymology 6

      [edit]

      Pronunciation

      [edit]

      Definitions

      [edit]

      當

      1. A meaningless suffix.

      Etymology 7

      [edit]

      Pronunciation

      [edit]

      Definitions

      [edit]

      當

      1. (Southern Min) at the time; right now; just happen

      Etymology 8

      [edit]
      For pronunciation and definitions of 當 – see 張 (“to string a bow; to pull a bowstring taut; to stretch; to open up; to spread; etc.”).
      (This character is a variant form of 張).

      Etymology 9

      [edit]
      For pronunciation and definitions of 當 – see 今 (“(Southern Min, Puxian Min) now”).
      (This character is a variant form of 今).

      References

      [edit]

      Japanese

      [edit]
      Shinjitai 当
      Kyūjitai 當

      Kanji

      [edit]
      當

      (Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 当)

      1. Kyūjitai form of 当

      Readings

      [edit]

      Korean

      [edit]

      Etymology

      [edit]

      From Middle Chinese 當 (MC tang|tangH).

      Historical readings

      Hanja

      [edit]

      當 (eumhun 마땅할 당 (mattanghal dang))

      1. hanja form? of 당 (“appropriate”)

      Vietnamese

      [edit]

      Han character

      [edit]

      當: Hán Nôm readings: đương, đáng, đang

      1. chữ Hán form of đang (“currently; just; now”)
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